humulene and Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases

Girls have unique developmental pathways to substance use and justice system involvement, warranting gender-responsive intervention. We tested the efficacy of VOICES (a 12-session, weekly trauma-informed, gender-responsive substance use intervention) in reducing substance use and HIV/STI risk behaviors among justice- and school-referred girls.. Girls randomized to VOICES reported significantly less cannabis use over 9-month follow-up relative to the control condition (time by intervention, p < .01), but there were no between group differences over time in HIV/STI risk behavior. Girls in both conditions reported fewer psychiatric symptoms and delinquent acts over time.. Data support the use of a trauma-informed, gender-responsive intervention to reduce cannabis use among girls with a substance use history and legal involvement; reducing cannabis use in this population has implications for preventing future justice involvement and improving public health outcomes for girls and young women, who are at disproportionate health and legal risk relative to their male counterparts.

Topics: Adolescent; Cannabis; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Schools; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Female; Humans; Risk-Taking; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult

This study assessed the prevalence and patterns of drug use among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Spain. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study including 1401 PLHIV. Data were collected through 33 sites across Spain using an online computer-assisted self-administered interview. The survey measured use of illicit drugs and other substances, treatment adherence and health-related variables. To analyse patterns of drug use we performed cluster analysis in two stages. The most frequently consumed substances were: alcohol (86.7%), tobacco (55.0%), illicit drugs (49.5%), other substances (27.1%). The most prevalent illicit drugs used were cannabis (73.8%), cocaine powder (53.9%), and poppers (45.4%). Results found four clusters of PLHIV who used drugs. Two of them were composed mainly of heterosexuals (HTX): Cluster 1 (n = 172) presented the lowest polydrug use and they were mainly users of cannabis, and Cluster 2 (n = 84) grouped mostly men who used mainly heroin and cocaine; which had the highest percentage of people who inject drugs and presented the lowest level of treatment adherence (79.8±14.2; p < .0001). The other two clusters were composed mainly of men who have sex with men (MSM), who were mostly users of recreational drugs. Cluster 3 (n = 285) reported moderate consumption, both regarding frequency and diversity of drugs used, while Cluster 4 (n = 153) was characterized by the highest drug polyconsumption (7.4±2.2; p < .0001), and 4 grouped MSM who injected recreational drugs, and who reported the highest frequency of use of drugs in a sexual context (2.6±0.8; p < .0001) and rates of sexually transmitted infections (1.8±1.1; p < .01). This is the largest multi-centre cross-sectional study assessing the current prevalence and patterns of drug use among PLHIV in Spain. The highest prevalence of drug use was found among MSM, although HTX who used heroin and cocaine (Cluster 2) had the most problems with adherence to HIV treatment and the worst health status.

Topics: Adult; Cannabis; Cocaine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Heroin; HIV Infections; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Prevalence; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Spain; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires

Sex with multiple partners (SMP) is one of the important contributing factors for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents and young adults, especially among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) youth. Past studies mainly focus on examining associations of alcohol or club drugs use with unprotected sexual behaviors among adult homo/bisexual men, while little is known about the temporal association between marijuana use (MU) and SMP among LGB youth.. This study examined the relationship between MU and SMP among LGB adolescents and young adults. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression analyses were utilized to analyze four waves' public-use Add Health data (N = 694, youth who reported a homo/bisexual status at any wave; Wave 1: aged 11-21; Wave 4: aged 24-32).. After adjusting for other substance use, current depression, mother-child relationship quality at Wave 1, and socioeconomic variables, past-year MU was both concurrently and prospectively associated with past-year SMP. The moderating effect of age was not found.. MU is concurrently and prospectively associated with increased odds of SMP in the adolescent sample and in the young adult sample. Findings imply that prevention/intervention on HIV risk behaviors may benefit from MU reduction not only in LGB adolescents but also in young adults.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Bisexuality; Cannabis; Child; Female; Health Surveys; HIV Infections; Homosexuality; Homosexuality, Female; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Marijuana Abuse; Marijuana Smoking; Risk-Taking; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; United States; Young Adult

Rates of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and unplanned pregnancy are high among youth. While the intersection between drug and alcohol use and unprotected sex is well recognized, few studies have examined the relationship between substance use patterns and unprotected sex among high risk-populations such as street-involved youth.. Data were derived from the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS), a prospective cohort of street-involved youth from Vancouver, Canada. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine substance use patterns that were independently associated with unprotected sex, defined as (vaginal or anal) sexual intercourse without consistent condom use.. Between September 2005 and May 2013, 1,026 youth were recruited into the ARYS cohort and 75% (n = 766) reported engaging in recent unprotected sex at some point during the study period. In a multivariable analysis, female gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.81), Caucasian ancestry (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13-1.68), being in a stable relationship (AOR = 4.64, 95% CI: 3.82-5.65), having multiple sex partners (AOR = 2.60, 95% CI: 2.18-3.10) and the following substance use patterns were all independently associated with recent unprotected sex: injection or non-injection crystal methamphetamine use (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03-1.43), injection or non-injection cocaine use (AOR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02-1.41), marijuana use (AOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02-1.49), ecstasy use (AOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01-1.48) and alcohol use (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.11-1.55) (all p < 0.05).. Unprotected sex was prevalent among street-involved youth in this setting, and independently associated with female gender and a wide range of substance use patterns. Evidence-based and gender-informed sexual health interventions are needed in addition to increased access to youth-centered addiction treatment services. STI testing and linkages to healthcare professionals remain important priorities for street-involved youth, and should be integrated across all health and social services.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Amphetamines; Canada; Cannabis; Cocaine; Cohort Studies; Female; Homeless Youth; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Sex Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Substance-Related Disorders; Unsafe Sex; Young Adult

We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess sexual behaviour of students at a British University during the summer break, to explore the role of foreign travel as a risk factor of sexually transmitted infections acquisition and to determine characteristics associated with casual sex. We found that those who travelled abroad were more likely to use alcohol (RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.17-2.16) and cannabis (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.13-1.62) and to have casual sex during holidays. They also reported more sexual relationships after holidays (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.09-1.53). New partnerships during holidays were associated with being single, foreign travel, drinking alcohol and having previously had large number of sexual partners. The adjusted relative risk of developing new sexual partnerships with foreign travel was 2.70 (95% CI 1.11-6.61). People who travel abroad during holidays are more likely to engage in risk taking behaviour and have casual sex. They are also more sexually active after holidays.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Cannabis; Female; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk-Taking; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Substance-Related Disorders; Travel; United Kingdom

This study examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and polydrug use (alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) among blacks in a high-risk community.. A street sample (N = 570) from four high-risk communities in Birmingham, Alabama, was collected through personal interviews. Interviewers asked respondents about their drug use behavior during the past 30 days, as well as about their depressive symptoms during the past week.. Odds ratios and logistic regressions, adjusted for age and sex, were used to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and drug and polydrug use (drug use involving cocaine). Results showed that depressive symptoms are significantly associated with polydrug use. However, depressive symptoms were not associated with alcohol use or with the combination of alcohol and marijuana use.. Depressive symptoms are related to polydrug use involving cocaine, though the causal relationship is uncertain. Previous reports on depressive symptoms and alcohol or marijuana may be inconclusive.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Alabama; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Black or African American; Cannabis; Cocaine; Depression; Environment; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Logistic Models; Male; Narcotics; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Problems; Substance-Related Disorders

To identify factors associated with the use of various birth control methods among sexually active adolescent girls.. A survey distributed as part of a larger study measuring compliance with hepatitis B vaccination.. A hospital-based and a school-based clinic.. Demographic and health behavior data including sexual activity, contraceptive method, substance use, condom use, and history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were collected. Birth control method was confirmed by medical record review. Associations with the outcome variable of birth control method were analyzed using chi square, Kruskal-Wallis analyses of variance, and t-tests, followed by logistic regression analysis.. Among sexually experienced girls, 39% (n = 123) reported using oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), 5.4% (n = 17) used Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate) or Norplant (levonorgestrel), and 55.6% (n = 175) used no hormonal method. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the factors most significantly associated with the use of hormonal methods were older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.33), not using a condom at last intercourse (OR = 0.55; CI, 0.34-0.90), and having had a well visit within 1 year (OR = 2.11; CI, 1.12-3.70). OCP users were less likely than Depo-Provera or Norplant users to have used alcohol (p = 0.041), cigarettes (p = 0.002), or marijuana (p = 0.018) in the past 30 days. OCP users were less likely than nonusers of hormonal methods to have smoked cigarettes (p = 0.034) or marijuana (p = 0.052). The school-based clinic had a greater proportion of subjects using long-acting progestins (p < 0.001).. The decreased rate of condom use among those who used hormonal birth control methods and the different rates of health risk behaviors among users of various methods require targeted counseling efforts to decrease pregnancy and STD rates among young women.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Child; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Levonorgestrel; Logistic Models; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires

Epidemiological evidence suggests lack of neonatal circumcision as the strongest risk factor for penile cancer, but the role of sexually transmitted diseases in the etiology of penile cancer has remained unclear.. To further clarify risk factors for penile cancer, we examined the role of circumcision, personal characteristics and habits (such as smoking), sexually transmitted diseases, past sexual activity, and medical conditions of the penis.. A population-based, case-control study was conducted in western Washington state and in the province of British Columbia. We interviewed 110 men with penile cancer diagnosed from January 1979 to July 1990 and 355 control subjects from the general population, frequency matched to case subjects on age and date of diagnosis. Tumor tissue from 67 case subjects was tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Results of blood tests from 69 case subjects and 208 control subjects were available for study. STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT RESULTS: Relative to men circumcised at birth, the risk for penile cancer was 3.2 times greater among men who were never circumcised and 3.0 times greater among men who were circumcised after the neonatal period. For current smokers, the risk was 2.8 times that of men who never smoked. The risk among men reporting a history of genital warts was 5.9 times that of men reporting no such history. Of 67 tumors tested for HPV DNA, 49% were positive; the majority of these positive tumors (70%) were type 16, which has been associated with anogenital carcinoma. Relative risks (RRs) associated with a reported history of penile rash or penile tear were 9.4 and 3.9, respectively. Among men not circumcised at birth, RRs associated with presence of smegma and difficulty in retracting the foreskin were 2.1 and 3.5, respectively. Twenty-eight percent of case subjects, compared with only 10% of control subjects, reported 30 or more sexual partners, and men with HPV-positive tumors were more likely to report a greater number of sexual partners.. These results suggest that the absence of neonatal circumcision and potential resulting complications are associated with penile cancer. Additionally, medical conditions of the penis, sexual activity, infection with HPV, and smoking may increase the risk for penile cancer.. A larger study would allow examination of interrelationships of circumcision, infection with HPV, and smoking as risk factors.

Topics: Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Cannabis; Carcinoma in Situ; Case-Control Studies; Circumcision, Male; Condylomata Acuminata; DNA, Viral; Educational Status; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Papillomaviridae; Penile Diseases; Penile Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Sexual Partners; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Smoking; Washington

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Black or African American; Cannabis; Cocaine; Crime; Family Characteristics; Female; Florida; Health Surveys; Hepatitis; Heroin; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Middle Aged; Prisons; Sex Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Cannabis; Dientamoeba; Dysentery, Amebic; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Cannabis; Dientamoeba; Dysentery, Amebic; Enterobius; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Oxyuriasis; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amphetamine; Cannabis; Contraception; Female; Hostility; Humans; Illegitimacy; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Opium; Pregnancy; Psychology, Adolescent; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Problems; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide Prevention

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amphetamine; Cannabis; Female; Humans; London; Male; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Conformity; Social Desirability; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Amphetamine; Cannabis; Female; Heroin; Humans; Male; Sex Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; California; Cannabis; Child; Child, Preschool; Community Health Services; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Methamphetamine; Psychology, Social; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Conditions; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Amphetamine; Cannabis; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Male; Paraphilic Disorders; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires