humulene and Myocarditis

Topics: Cannabis; Humans; Myocarditis

Myocardial injury in previously healthy children is rare, with a wide range of aetiologies. It is increasingly being identified on the basis of elevated troponin levels during routine evaluation of cardiorespiratory symptoms. Establishing the aetiology remains challenging because of the lack of an accepted work-up algorithm. Our objective was to delineate the contribution of diagnostic modalities and troponin patterns towards the final diagnosis.. A retrospective chart review of previously healthy patients admitted to the Pediatric Cardiology Service with myocardial injury was carried out. Data analysed included echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, cardiac catheterisations, magnetic resonance imaging, drug screen tests, troponin values, and final diagnosis.. A total of 32 patients were identified. The diagnoses were: myocarditis in 16 patients, vasospasm due to drug use in seven, myopericarditis in six, anomalous coronary artery origins in two, and Prinzmetal's angina in one patient. The electrocardiograms were abnormal in 27 of the 32 patients (84%), echocardiograms in 18 of the 32 patients (56%), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in two of the four patients (50%), urine drug screen in five of the 25 patients (20%), and cardiac catheterisations in two of the 15 patients (13%).. Myocarditis is the most common aetiology of myocardial injury in children. Clinical history remains the basic screening tool; drug screens help identify coronary vasospasms secondary to drug use (22% of our cohort). Patients with anomalous coronaries had exertional symptoms. Initial troponin levels and progression were not diagnostic or prognostic. Catheterisation is of limited value and did not change management. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement is probably the most useful test when initial evaluation is not diagnostic.

Topics: Adolescent; Angina Pectoris, Variant; Cannabis; Child; Cocaine; Coronary Vasospasm; Coronary Vessel Anomalies; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Marijuana Smoking; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocarditis; Pericarditis; Retrospective Studies; Substance Abuse Detection; Troponin I; Young Adult

The clinical manifestation and natural history of myocarditis range is variable from asymptomatic stages to intractable circulatory compromise and death. Supportive therapy is paramount in the treatment of this condition. The use of mechanical circulatory support as bridge-to-recovery or bridge-to-transplantation in cases of cardiovascular collapse is often the only therapeutic option for these patients. We report the case of an adolescent boy with toxic myocarditis, due to cannabis abuse, who was supported with a Thoratec left ventricular assist device (Thoratec Laboratories Corp, Pleasanton, CA) for 96 days before device removal.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Cannabis; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Device Removal; Equipment Design; Equipment Safety; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failure; Heart-Assist Devices; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Myocarditis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adult; Cannabis; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Italy; Legislation as Topic; Male; Myocarditis; Substance-Related Disorders