humulene and Morphine-Dependence

Nicotine in tobacco, tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) in marijuana and morphine in opium are well known as drugs associated with dependence or addiction. Endogenous active substances that mimic the effects of the natural drugs and their respective receptors have been found in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Such active substances and receptors include acetylcholine (ACh) and the nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) for nicotine, anandamide and CB1 for delta 9-THC, and endomorphins (1 and 2) and the mu (OP3) opioid receptor for morphine, respectively. Considerable progress has been made in studies on neurotoxicity, in terms of the habituation, dependence and withdrawal phenomena associated with these drugs and with respect to correlations with endogenous active substances and their receptors. In this article we shall review recent findings related to the neurotoxicity of tobacco, marijuana and opium, and their toxic ingredients, nicotine, delta 9-THC and morphine in relation to their respective endogenous agents and receptors in the CNS.

Topics: Acetylcholine; Arachidonic Acids; Brain Chemistry; Cannabis; Dronabinol; Endocannabinoids; Endorphins; Humans; Marijuana Abuse; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Nicotine; Opium; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Receptors, Drug; Receptors, Nicotinic; Receptors, Opioid; Tobacco Use Disorder

Topics: Adolescent; Amphetamine; Amphetamines; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Codeine; Heroin; Humans; Hydromorphone; Jurisprudence; Meperidine; Mescaline; Methadone; Morphine Dependence; Nalorphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Psychotherapy; Statistics as Topic; Substance-Related Disorders

A large-scale, prospective drug screening of newborns by meconium analysis was done to determine more accurately the prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of drug use in a high-risk urban, obstetric population. Every other neonate delivered in a perinatal center from November 1988 to September 1989 was prospectively enrolled and their meconium was analyzed by radioimmunoassay for the metabolites of three commonly abused drugs--cocaine, morphine (opiates), and cannabinoid. In 3010 subjects studied, 44% were positive for cocaine, morphine, or cannabinoid; 31% were positive for cocaine, 21% for morphine, and 12% for cannabinoid. In contrast, only 335 (11%) mothers admitted to illicit drug use: 52% of their newborns had a positive urine drug screen and 88% had a positive meconium drug screen. Prevalence of drug use among the pregnant women varied per month. A profile of the pregnant addict in the population studied was noted (P less than .001): service patient, single, multigravid (greater than 3), and little or no prenatal care. The major problems associated with drug use during pregnancy were principally noted in the group that was exposed to cocaine and opiates and in the group where the mothers admitted to the use of illicit drugs. On the other hand, a large number of neonates who have been exposed to drugs in utero, particularly those whose mothers denied the use of drugs, appear normal at birth and may not be recognized. Improved detection of these newborns at risk can be achieved with a high index of suspicion and meconium drug analysis.

Topics: Cannabis; Cocaine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Marijuana Abuse; Mass Screening; Meconium; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Substance-Related Disorders; United States

During the period June 1971-December 1976 a total of 592 consecutive admissions to a Drug Addiction Clinic were asked which drugs they had been taking since their first contact with the illegal drug market. Nine drugs belonging to the opiate group, five different amphetamines, five hallucinogens, cocaine and cannabis were mentioned and the patients were asked to specify which year or years they had self-administered any of the drugs mentioned. No attempts were made to quantify the individual drug consumption. The amphetamines and cannabis dominated in the mid sixties, but from then on recorded used of these drugs declined. From 1965 there was a constant increase in the reported use of opiates up to a maximum of 55 per cent of the patients in 1976. The opiates seem to have been introduced on to the market in the order of increasing potency. Morphine base replaced raw opium in the early seventies but was later succeeded by heroin. Hallucinogens, except for a short period around 1969 when 11 per cent of our patients mentioned them, never seemed to reach important levels. A small but growing proportion of our patients have mentioned use of cocaine in the seventies.

Topics: Amphetamines; Cannabis; Cocaine; Hallucinogens; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Morphine Dependence; Opium; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Substance-Related Disorders; Sweden

The drug habits for 78 confirmed opiate addicts were studied on eight scales from the Process Association Test of Addiction (PATA) for many drug names. Through cluster analysis eight stages of addiction were defined: "to be clean", "to learn about drugs", "to hustle", "to chip" (also "to be high"), to be psychologically dependent or "to need a shot", "to be hooked" "to kick a habit" and "to be in treatment". Associations stimulated by the words heroin and morphine were very similar over the eight stages of addiction in opiate addicts. The subjects were especially inclined to associate morphine and heroin with the most severe level of addiction, "to be hooked". Associations to both methadone and cocaine were elevated at the "hooked" stage, but in other respects associations to these drugs were opposite. Thus, associations to cocaine were focused on the stage of psychological dependence and the lower intermediate stage of addiction, "to chip" and "to be high", whereas associations to methadone suggested a turning away from addiction as indicated by avoidance associations ("to come down" and "to kick a habit") as well as associations to "treatment" and "to be clean". Marijuana, Benzedrine, "goofball" (barbiturates) and alcohol habits were prominent at an intermediate stage of addiction ("to chip" and "to be high"). Avoidance associations were common for Benzedrine and "goofballs" (also pentobarbital) but not for marijuana or alcohol. "Hustling" associations were frequent for marijuana but not for alcohol.

Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Amphetamines; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Cocaine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Methadone; Morphine Dependence; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pentobarbital; Psychological Tests; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Drug and Narcotic Control; Female; Heroin Dependence; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine Dependence; Opium; Singapore; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide

Topics: Amphetamines; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Cocaine; Humans; Morphine Dependence; Personality Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Tranquilizing Agents

Various nitrogen analogs of delta6a,10a-tetrahydrocannabinol were synthesized by a general procedure described in an earlier communication. Minimum effective doses (MED50's) and lethal doses (LD50's) were determined by a modified Irwin mouse screen after iv administration of compounds in PEG 200. The most potent compounds were the propargyl (5t), allyl (5m), and chloroallyl (5o-q) derivatives. Overt behavioral effects (CNS depression, static ataxia, and hypersensitivity) of 5t and Roger Adams' carbocyclic analog (III) were found to be similar in the mouse, cat, dog, and monkey. Dichloroisoproterenol prevented and reversed many of the depressant effects of both III and 5t but had no effect on the ataxia produced by these compounds. In antinociceptive tests, 5t was active in the phenylquinone and Eddy hot-plate tests but was inactive in the tail-flick test.

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzopyrans; Cannabis; Cats; Dogs; Dronabinol; Haplorhini; Humans; Lethal Dose 50; Mice; Morphine Dependence; Motor Activity; Nictitating Membrane; Pyridines; Pyrroles; Reflex; Structure-Activity Relationship

The effects of various doses of 1-trans-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) on naloxone-induced withdrawal were studied in mice rendered dependent on morphine by the pellet implantation procedure. When administered i.p., 30 min prior to naloxone, delta9-THC, inhibited the naloxone-induced withdrawal jumping response. Two other signs of morphine withdrawal (defecation and rearing behavior) were also suppressed by deltapTHC. It is suggested that delta9-THC or some of its derivatives may have potential use in narcotic detoxification.

Topics: Animals; Cannabis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dronabinol; Humans; Male; Mice; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

Ninety-seven young non-psychotic men with intravenous opiate abuse, who had been admitted to a psychiatric hospital, were seen at follow-up 3 years after admission. All were traced. At follow-up, 19% were abstinent, 9% had died, whereas the remainder were still addicted. Those who had become abstinent had done so around the age of 20 and/or before they had been addicted to opiate for 3-4 years, almost regardless of the time at which their total drug abuse had started.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Alcoholism; Cannabis; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Morphine Dependence; Opium; Prognosis; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors

Male rats were implanted subcutaneously with a pellet containg 75 milligrams of morphine base or placebo, and naloxone hydrochloride (4 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) was administered 72 hours later. Treatment with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (2, 5, or 10 milligrams per kilogram) 1 hour before maloxone administration significantly reduced the intensity of abstinence; the two higher doses blocked the appearance of wet shakes and escapes, diarrhea, and increased defecation. delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol did not induce abstinence itself, and prior treatment with cannabidiol was ineffective in reducing naloxoneprecipitated abstinence in animals with morphine pellets. These data suggest that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol may be of value in facilitating narcotic detoxification.

Topics: Animals; Cannabis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dronabinol; Humans; Male; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Phytotherapy; Placebos; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

Topics: Adult; Amphetamines; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Cannabis; Cocaine; Hallucinogens; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Italy; Male; Military Psychiatry; Morphine Dependence; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Animals; Behavior; Cannabis; Dopamine; Dronabinol; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Promethazine; Rats; Stereotyped Behavior; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors

The same dose of cannabinol (CBN) or cannabidiol (CBD) further increased the attenuation of precipitated abstinence signs observed in morphine-dependent rats that also received an acute dose of delta 9-THC. By contrast, rotational behavior (turning), which is observed concomitantly in THC-treated rats during morphine abstinence, was not increased by CBN, but was potentiated by CBD. These data illustrate differences between psychoinactive cannabinoids in their interaction with delta 9-THC that might be relevant to possible clinical use of Cannabis in narcotic detoxification.

Topics: Animals; Cannabidiol; Cannabis; Depression, Chemical; Dronabinol; Drug Synergism; Humans; Male; Morphine Dependence; Rats; Stereotyped Behavior; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

Topics: Animals; Cannabis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dronabinol; Humans; Morphine Dependence; Phytotherapy; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

Racemic methadone hydrochloride was administered to male rats in daily subcutaneous injections of 10-30 mg/kg. Dependence, when assessed by naloxone challenge after 26 days, was quantitatively and qualitatively similar to that previously reported by us for rats implanted with a 75 mg morphine pellet for 72 hours. Abstinence scores in animals pretreated acutely with 10 mg/kg delta 9-THC one hour before naloxone were significantly less than those of a vehicle control group, and wet shakes and gastrointestinal signs of abstinence were blocked. These results extend previous observations of morphine abstinence attenuating properties of delta 9-THC to effects on animals dependent on methadone.

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cannabis; Dronabinol; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Male; Methadone; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Phytotherapy; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Cannabis; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cocaine; Dogs; Haplorhini; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Mescaline; Morphine Dependence; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cannabis; Catalepsy; Dealkylation; Dronabinol; Drug Interactions; Humans; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Rats; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Morphine Dependence; Sleep Wake Disorders; Sleep, REM; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Child; Criminal Psychology; Drug Prescriptions; Employment; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Marriage; Meperidine; Middle Aged; Morphine Dependence; Pentobarbital; Puerto Rico; Role; Sex; Sex Work; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors; Women

Topics: Amitriptyline; Animals; Atropine; Cannabis; Chlordiazepoxide; Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Humans; Imipramine; Male; Mephenesin; Methamphetamine; Mice; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Pentobarbital; Perphenazine; Phenytoin; Reserpine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholic Beverages; Cannabis; Drug and Narcotic Control; Ethanol; Health Education; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Morphine Dependence; Opium; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders; United States

Topics: Adolescent; Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Child; Crime; Drug and Narcotic Control; Germany, West; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Juvenile Delinquency; Legislation, Drug; Life Style; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Morphine Dependence; Narcotics; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Amphetamine; Atropa belladonna; Atropine; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Diagnosis, Differential; Ethanol; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Mescaline; Methadone; Morphine Dependence; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Scopolamine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Cannabis; Cocaine; France; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Morphine Dependence; Opium; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Cannabis; Electroencephalography; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Mescaline; Morphine Dependence; Psilocybin; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Cannabis; Female; Hallucinogens; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine Dependence; Substance-Related Disorders; Yugoslavia

Topics: Cannabis; Comprehensive Health Care; Humans; Jurisprudence; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Morphine Dependence; Social Work, Psychiatric; Substance-Related Disorders; Sweden

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amphetamine; Cannabis; Female; Germany, West; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Morphine Dependence; Motivation; Neurotic Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Urban Population

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Alcoholism; Barbiturates; Black or African American; Cannabis; Cocaine; Hallucinations; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Medical History Taking; Morphine Dependence; Pennsylvania; Seizures; Substance-Related Disorders; Therapeutic Community; White People

Topics: Adult; Alcoholic Intoxication; Cannabis; Child Behavior Disorders; Family; Female; Humans; Morphine Dependence; Projective Techniques; Schizophrenia; Social Adjustment; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cannabis; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Male; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Amphetamine; Analysis of Variance; Antitussive Agents; Cannabis; Formularies as Topic; Hallucinogens; Humans; Male; Morphine Dependence; Nuts; Opium; Personality Inventory; Substance-Related Disorders; Switzerland

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cannabis; Crime; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heroin; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Mental Health Services; Methadone; Middle Aged; Morphine Dependence; Personal Satisfaction; Prisons; Retrospective Studies; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Amitriptyline; Benzazepines; Cannabis; Emergencies; Hallucinogens; Humans; Male; Morphine Dependence; Phenobarbital; Reserpine; Substance-Related Disorders; Sympathomimetics; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Attitude; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Heroin; Humans; Jurisprudence; Morphine Dependence; Occupational Health Services; Occupational Medicine; Social Problems; Substance-Related Disorders; United States

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Child; Cocaine; Hallucinogens; Hepatitis; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Mescaline; Morphine Dependence; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires

Topics: Black or African American; Cannabis; Chicago; Costs and Cost Analysis; Crime; Heroin; Humans; Legislation, Drug; Morphine Dependence; Newspapers as Topic; Social Control, Formal

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amphetamine; California; Cannabis; Child; Community Health Services; Female; Heroin; Humans; Male; Medical Records; Methadone; Middle Aged; Morphine Dependence; Self Medication; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Alcoholism; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Humans; Income; India; Meperidine; Meprobamate; Morphine Dependence; Occupations; Opium; Residence Characteristics; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adult; Amphetamine; Cannabis; Female; Heroin; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Methadone; Morphine Dependence; Perception; Semantic Differential

Topics: Amphetamine; Attitude; Cannabis; Ethanol; Heroin; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Models, Theoretical; Morphine Dependence; Occupational Medicine; Opium; Smoking; Social Change; Students; Substance-Related Disorders; United States; Universities

Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Cannabis; Delayed-Action Preparations; Disulfiram; Heroin; Humans; Methadone; Morphine Dependence; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Amphetamine; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Family; Female; Heroin; Hospitalization; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Mental Disorders; Morphine Dependence; Personality Disorders; Probability; Sex Factors; Sexual Behavior; Social Class; Student Dropouts; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Amphetamine; Attitude; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Educational Status; Family Characteristics; Hallucinogens; Heroin; Humans; Male; Marriage; Military Medicine; Morphine Dependence; Opium; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; United States; Vietnam

Topics: Aggression; Amphetamine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cannabis; Food Deprivation; Humans; Morphine Dependence; Rats

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Behavior; Cannabis; Child; Cocaine; Humans; Morphine Dependence; Motivation; Psychology; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antidotes; Cannabis; Female; Hallucinogens; Heroin; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Mescaline; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Poisoning; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Cannabis; Drug Tolerance; Hallucinogens; Haplorhini; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Morphine Dependence; Opium; Rabbits; Rats; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Amphetamine; Automobile Driving; Cannabis; Hallucinogens; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Morphine Dependence; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Cannabis; Heroin; Humans; Legislation, Drug; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Morphine Dependence; Punishment; Substance-Related Disorders; United Kingdom

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Cocaine; Drug and Narcotic Control; Heroin; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; London; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Methadone; Morphine Dependence; Substance-Related Disorders; United Kingdom

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Crime; Female; Geography; Heroin; Humans; Juvenile Delinquency; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Morphine Dependence; Poverty; Prognosis; Sex Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; United Kingdom

Topics: Attitude; Cannabis; Drug and Narcotic Control; Health Education; Heroin; Humans; Jurisprudence; Legislation, Drug; Morphine Dependence; Role; Social Control, Formal; Students; Substance-Related Disorders; United States

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amphetamine; Cannabis; Costs and Cost Analysis; Drug and Narcotic Control; Heroin; Humans; Legislation, Drug; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Mental Disorders; Morphine Dependence; Narcotics; Substance-Related Disorders; United States

Topics: Adult; Amphetamine; Aspergillosis; Cannabis; Eye Diseases; Heroin; Humans; Inflammation; Injections, Intravenous; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Methylphenidate; Morphine Dependence; Mycoses; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Amphetamine; Cannabis; Demography; Drug and Narcotic Control; Epidemiologic Methods; Humans; Japan; Models, Psychological; Morphine Dependence; Social Behavior; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; United Kingdom; United States

A follow-up study of girls in a London remand home during the years 1966-8 showed that 20.6% of those taking non-narcotic drugs on admission, but only 1% of non-drug-taking control admissions, had used narcotics by June 1970. Narcotic use on admission and progression to narcotic use were associated with frequent drug taking, marked involvement in a drug milieu, and a high incidence of personal morbidity. Adolescents who use illicit drugs and have a history of court appearances for any reason are particularly vulnerable to subsequent narcotic usage and other forms of serious drug abuse.

Topics: Adolescent; Amphetamine; Cannabis; Cocaine; Educational Status; Family; Female; Heroin; Humans; Juvenile Delinquency; London; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Mental Disorders; Methadone; Morphine Dependence; Parent-Child Relations; Personality Disorders; Sexual Behavior; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Work

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Demography; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Morphine Dependence; Opium; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; United States

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Cannabis; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Heroin; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine Dependence; Registries; Statistics as Topic; Substance-Related Disorders; Tranquilizing Agents; United States

Topics: Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Central Nervous System; Heroin; Humans; Legislation, Drug; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Narcotics; Psychopharmacology; Substance-Related Disorders; Terminology as Topic

Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Barbiturates; Brain; Cannabis; Central Nervous System; Cocaine; Drug Tolerance; Guinea Pigs; Heroin; Humans; Hypothalamus; Ileum; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Nerve Endings; Opium; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Cocaine; Crime; Educational Status; Ethnicity; Heroin; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Meperidine; Methadone; Middle Aged; Morphine Dependence; New York; Opium; Substance-Related Disorders

Dr T H Bewley discusses recent increases in the incidence of all types of drug dependence in Great Britain.Dr P H Connell considers the problem of amphetamine dependence historically and in different age groups and draws attention to the sociocultural patterns of behaviour which have sprung up amongst the adolescent and young adult population. Treatment is discussed.Dr R H V Ollendorff outlines a theory of drug addiction based upon seven aetiological factors, and stresses the importance of the general practitioner in treating the addict.

Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Cocaine; Female; Hallucinogens; Heroin; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Middle Aged; Morphine Dependence; Substance-Related Disorders; United Kingdom

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Amphetamine; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Antitussive Agents; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Cocaine; Crime; Depression; Euphoria; Female; Glutethimide; Hallucinogens; Hospitalization; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Mental Disorders; Morphine Dependence; Motivation; Personality Disorders; Schizophrenia; Sex Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Trichloroethylene

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Cocaine; Community Mental Health Services; Female; Humans; Injections; Insulin; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Mental Disorders; Meprobamate; Morphine Dependence; Narcotics; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Personality Development; Personality Disorders; Phytotherapy; Referral and Consultation; Relaxation; Social Adjustment; Social Problems; Substance-Related Disorders; Sweden

Topics: Alcoholism; Caffeine; Cannabis; Central Nervous System; Cocaine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Hallucinogens; History, 16th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Lithium; Mercury Poisoning; Morphine Dependence; Penicillins; Pharmacology; Poisoning; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders; Syphilis; Technology; Thalidomide; Triparanol

Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antipyretics; Cannabis; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Morphine Dependence; Opium; Psychology; Psychopathology; Psychotherapy; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Barbiturates; Cannabis; Humans; Meperidine; Methadone; Morphine Dependence; Morphine Derivatives; Substance-Related Disorders