humulene and Metabolic-Syndrome

In this review, we discuss the role of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in regulating energy and metabolic homeostasis. Endocannabinoids, via activating the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB

Topics: Animals; Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Endocannabinoids; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1

Marijuana is used by millions of people, with use likely to increase in the USA because of the trend towards increased decriminalization and legalization. Obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) rates have increased dramatically in the USA over the past 30 years, with a recent estimate of 29 million individuals with DM. Because there is a plausible link between marijuana use and diabetes due to the known effects of cannabinoids on adipose tissue and glucose/insulin metabolism, it is important to study and understand how marijuana use is related to obesity and diabetes. This paper provides background on the human endocannabinoid system and studies of the association of marijuana use with body mass index/obesity, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and diabetes. The studies to date have shown that marijuana use is associated with either lower odds or no difference in the odds of diabetes than non-use.

Topics: Body Mass Index; Cannabis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Marijuana Smoking; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Prediabetic State

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is defined histopathologically by the presence of macrovesicular steatosis, cellular ballooning, and inflammation. NASH represents a complex multifactorial disease that typically occurs within the context of the metabolic syndrome. NASH lacks homogeneity, and other forms of NASH can present atypically. Less than 50% of patients with NASH respond to pharmacologic treatment, which speaks to this heterogeneity. The authors discuss drugs, disease entities, and nutritional states that can cause or exacerbate underlying NASH indirectly through worsening insulin resistance or directly by interfering with lipid metabolism, promoting oxidative injury, or activating inflammatory pathways.

Topics: Amiodarone; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cannabis; Diet; Fatty Liver; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Insulin Resistance; Intestinal Diseases; Lipid Metabolism; Metabolic Syndrome; Methotrexate; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Occupational Diseases; Perhexiline

This study aims to obtain a valuable mixture of short-chain peptides from hempseed as a new ingredient for developing nutraceutical and functional foods useful for preventing metabolic syndrome that represents the major cause of death globally. A dedicated analytical platform based on a purification step by size exclusion chromatography or ultrafiltration membrane and high-resolution mass spectrometry was developed to isolate and comprehensively characterize short-chain peptides leading to the identification of more than 500 short-chain peptides. Our results indicated that the short-chain peptide mixture was about three times more active than the medium-chain peptide mixture and total hydrolysate with respect to measured inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. The short-chain peptide mixture was also two times more active as a dipeptidyl peptidase IV, and twofold more active on the cholesterol metabolism pathway through the modulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor.

Topics: Cannabis; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolic Syndrome; Peptides; Seeds

To explore the relationship between cannabis use and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among those who have experienced first episode psychosis (FEP).. A retrospective analysis of 404 participants enrolled in the Recovery After Initial Schizophrenia Episode-Early Treatment Program (RAISE-ETP) was conducted. Using multiple logistic regression, we investigated the correlation between cannabis use and rate of MetS at baseline and across time as well as the specific metabolic derangements among cannabis users and abstainers.. Although cannabis users had similar rates of MetS at baseline when compared with abstainers, those who used cannabis at any time during the study period tended to have lower triglycerides and elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Cannabis users were less likely to develop MetS, relative to nonusers.. Cannabis use may be associated with lower incidence of MetS in patients who have experienced FEP. Further research is indicated to develop these observations.

Topics: Cannabis; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Psychotic Disorders; Retrospective Studies; Schizophrenia

While acute cannabis use stimulates appetite, general population studies suggest that chronic use is associated with reduced risk of obesity and other cardiometabolic risk factors. In this study we investigated changes in body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose and lipids, and rates of metabolic syndrome risk factors in cannabis users vs. non-users in 109 minimally treated patients with first-episode schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizo-affective disorder who were treated according to a standardized treatment regime with depot antipsychotic medication over 12 months. Participants underwent repeated urine toxicology tests for cannabis and those testing positive at any time during the study (n = 40), were compared with those who tested negative at all time points (n = 69). There was a significant group*time interaction effect (p = 0.002) with the cannabis negative group showing a greater increase in BMI than the cannabis positive group, after adjusting for age, sex, methamphetamine use and modal dose of antipsychotic. There were no group*time interaction effects for fasting blood glucose or lipids. Post hoc tests indicated significant increases in fasting blood glucose and triglycerides and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for the cannabis negative group, with no significant changes in the cannabis positive group. Rates of metabolic syndrome did not differ significantly between groups, although more cannabis negative patients had elevated waist-circumference at endpoint (p = 0.003). It may be that chronic cannabis use directly suppresses appetite, thereby preventing weight gain in users. However, other indirect effects such as dietary neglect and smoking may be contributory and could explain our findings.

Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Cannabis; Fasting; Female; Glucose; Humans; Lipids; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Substance-Related Disorders; Waist Circumference; Weight Gain; Young Adult

Topics: Blood Glucose; Cannabis; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Waist Circumference

Topics: Blood Glucose; Cannabis; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Waist Circumference

There are limited data regarding the relationship between cannabinoids and metabolic processes. Epidemiologic studies have found lower prevalence rates of obesity and diabetes mellitus in marijuana users compared with people who have never used marijuana, suggesting a relationship between cannabinoids and peripheral metabolic processes. To date, no study has investigated the relationship between marijuana use and fasting insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance.. We included 4657 adult men and women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2010. Marijuana use was assessed by self-report in a private room. Fasting insulin and glucose were measured via blood samples after a 9-hour fast, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated to evaluate insulin resistance. Associations were estimated using multiple linear regression, accounting for survey design and adjusting for potential confounders.. Of the participants in our study sample, 579 were current marijuana users and 1975 were past users. In multivariable adjusted models, current marijuana use was associated with 16% lower fasting insulin levels (95% confidence interval [CI], -26, -6) and 17% lower HOMA-IR (95% CI, -27, -6). We found significant associations between marijuana use and smaller waist circumferences. Among current users, we found no significant dose-response.. We found that marijuana use was associated with lower levels of fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, and smaller waist circumference.

Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cannabis; Cholesterol, HDL; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Prevalence; Triglycerides; United States; Waist Circumference

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Brain; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; Cannabis; Endocannabinoids; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Rimonabant

Topics: Brain; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; Cannabis; Endocannabinoids; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome