humulene and Kidney-Neoplasms

To determine the effect of recreational cannabis legalization (RCL) and/or recreational cannabis commercialization (RCC) on emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and deaths due to substance use, injury, and mental health among those aged 11 years and older.. A systematic review of six electronic databases up to February 1, 2023. Original, peer-reviewed articles with interrupted time series or before and after designs were included. Four independent reviewers screened articles and assessed risk of bias. Outcomes with 'critical' risk of bias were excluded. Protocol registered on PROSPERO (# CRD42021265183).. After screening and risk of bias assessment, 29 studies were included which examined ED visits or hospitalizations for cannabis use or alcohol (N = 10), opioid mortality (N = 3), motor vehicle fatalities or injury (N = 11), and intentional injury/mental health (N = 5). Rates or number of cannabis-related hospitalizations increased after RCL in Canada and the USA. Immediate increases in rates of cannabis-related ED visits were found after both RCL and RCC in Canada. Rates of traffic fatalities increased after RCL and RCC in certain jurisdictions in the USA.. RCL was associated with increased rates of cannabis-related hospitalizations. RCL and/or RCC was associated with increased rates of cannabis-related ED visits, consistently shown across sex and age groups. The effect on fatal motor vehicle incidents was mixed, with observed increases found after RCL and/or RCC. The effect of RCL or RCC on opioids, alcohol, intentional injury, and mental health is not clear. These results inform population health initiatives and international jurisdictions considering RCL implementation.

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Cannabis; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Ethanol; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Legislation, Drug; Mental Health; Substance-Related Disorders

Legislation of cannabis use has been approved in many European and North American countries. Its impact on urological cancers is unclear. This study was conducted to explore the association between cannabis use and the risk of urological cancers.. We identified 151,945 individuals with information on cannabis use in the UK Biobank from 2006 to 2010. Crude and age-standardized incidence ratios of different urological cancers were evaluated in the entire cohort and subgroups. Cox regression was performed for survival analysis.. Previous use of cannabis was a significant protective factor for renal cell carcinoma (HR = 0.61, 95%CI:0.40-0.93, p = 0.021) and prostate cancer (HR = 0.82, 95%CI:0.73-0.93, p = 0.002) in multivariable analysis. The association between previous cannabis use and both renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer was only observed in females (HR. Previous use of cannabis was associated with a lower risk of bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and prostate cancer. The inverse association between cannabis and both renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer was only found in females but not in males.

Topics: Biological Specimen Banks; Cannabis; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Cohort Studies; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testicular Neoplasms; United Kingdom; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urologic Neoplasms

Recreational cannabis was legalized in Canada in October 2018. Initially, the Government of Ontario (Canada's largest province) placed strict limits on the number of cannabis retail stores before later removing these limits. This study measured changes in cannabis-attributable emergency department (ED) visits over time, corresponding to different regulatory periods.. Interrupted time-series design using population-level data. Two policy periods were considered; recreational cannabis legalization with strict store restrictions (RCL, 17 months) and legalization with no store restrictions [recreational cannabis commercialization (RCC), 15 months] which coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. Segmented Poisson regression models were used to examine immediate and gradual effects in each policy period.. Ontario, Canada.. All individuals aged 15-105 years (n = 13.8 million) between January 2016 and May 2021.. Monthly counts of cannabis-attributable ED visits per capita and per all-cause ED visits in individuals aged 15+ (adults) and 15-24 (young adults) years.. We observed a significant trend of increasing cannabis-attributable ED visits pre-legalization. RCL was associated with a significant immediate increase of 12% [incident rate ratio (IRR) = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.23] in rates of cannabis-attributable ED visits followed by significant attenuation of the pre-legalization slope (monthly slope change IRR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99). RCC and COVID-19 were associated with immediate significant increases of 22% (IRR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.09-1.37) and 17% (IRR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.00-1.37) in rates of cannabis-attributable visits and the proportion of all-cause ED visits attributable to cannabis, respectively, with insignificant increases in monthly slopes. Similar patterns were observed in young adults.. In Ontario, Canada, cannabis-attributable emergency department visits stopped increasing over time following recreational cannabis legalization with strict retail controls but then increased during a period coinciding with cannabis commercialization and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Topics: Canada; Cannabis; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; COVID-19; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Legislation, Drug; Ontario; Pandemics; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Cannabis; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Nephrectomy; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders