humulene and Diabetes-Mellitus--Type-1

Substance use is a major public health problem in adolescents and young adults (AYA) and is particularly dangerous for AYA with type 1 diabetes (T1D) due to additional health consequences related to T1D. Rates of substance use among AYA with T1D are difficult to ascertain. Currently, we aim to provide a summary of published rates of substance use, over the last 10 years, among AYA with T1D in the USA.. This review included a database search, abstract screening, and synthesizing of articles published in the last 10 years that reported rates of substance use among AYA with T1D. We also compared rates to national survey data from the Center for Disease Control and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Of 138 articles, 123 abstracts were excluded due to non-relevance or because they were conducted outside of the USA; 15 articles were evaluated, and 8 provided original data on AYA with T1D. These 8 studies were summarized and compared to nationwide survey data. Most of the published rates of substance use among AYA with T1D were similar to national survey data for alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. Rates of illicit drug use were lower among AYA with T1D. Despite additional health consequences, alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use is about as prevalent among AYA with T1D as in the general US population. These findings emphasize the importance of conducting more research in this area, developing effective interventions, and incorporating prevention into standard clinical practices.

Topics: Adolescent; Cannabis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Cannabidiol; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Cartilage Diseases; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Dronabinol; Humans; Immunomodulation; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mice; Multiple Sclerosis; Th17 Cells

Medical uses of Cannabis sativa have been known for over 6,000 years. Nowadays, cannabis is mostly known for its psychotropic effects and its ability to relieve pain, even though there is evidence of cannabis use for autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis centuries ago. The pharmacological therapy in autoimmune diseases is mainly based on immunosuppression of diffefent axes of the immune system while many of the drugs have major side effects. In this review we set out to examine the rule of Cannabis sativa as an immunomodulator and its potential as a new treatment option. In order to examine this subject we will focus on some major autoimmune diseases such as diabetes type I and rheumatoid arthritis.

Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoimmunity; Cannabis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Medical Marijuana; Phytotherapy

The cannabinoid receptors for Δ(9)-THC, and particularly, the CB(1) receptor, as well as its endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, are deeply involved in all aspects of the control of energy balance in mammals. While initially it was believed that this endocannabinoid signaling system would only facilitate energy intake, we now know that perhaps even more important functions of endocannabinoids and CB(1) receptors in this context are to enhance energy storage into the adipose tissue and reduce energy expenditure by influencing both lipid and glucose metabolism. Although normally well controlled by hormones and neuropeptides, both central and peripheral aspects of endocannabinoid regulation of energy balance can become dysregulated and contribute to obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes, thus raising the possibility that CB(1) antagonists might be used for the treatment of these metabolic disorders. On the other hand, evidence is emerging that some nonpsychotropic plant cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol, can be employed to retard β-cell damage in type 1 diabetes. These novel aspects of endocannabinoid research are reviewed in this chapter, with emphasis on the biological effects of plant cannabinoids and endocannabinoid receptor antagonists in diabetes.

Topics: Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endocannabinoids; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1

BACKGROUND Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus may experience gastrointestinal symptoms, including those suggestive of diabetic gastroparesis. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) includes nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in the setting of chronic cannabinoid use. This report presents a case of CHS in a 23-year-old woman with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus. CASE REPORT A 23-year-old woman with chronically uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus had been presenting monthly at the emergency department for the last 2 years, for acute bouts of intractable nausea and vomiting, occasionally with abdominal pain. Given her history of uncontrolled diabetes, she had been managed for diabetic gastroparesis with prokinetics. A gastric emptying study 6 months prior to admission was normal, and the patient had had multiple unremarkable abdominal computed tomography imaging scans. On this admission, she benefitted from supportive management with only temporary improvement of symptoms. On further questioning, she reported consistent use of cannabis for the last few years, and regression of acute vomiting with hot baths at home. With counseling, she ceased cannabis for 2 months and was symptom-free during this period. CONCLUSIONS This report has shown the importance of taking a comprehensive drug history in all patients, including in patients with type 1 diabetes, and is a reminder that cannabinoid use can cause severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in this patient group.

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Gastroparesis; Humans; Nausea; Vomiting; Young Adult

To differentiate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) from hyperglycemic ketosis due to cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (HK-CHS) in adults with type 1 diabetes.. Of 295 adults with type 1 diabetes who were seen with DKA-related ICD-10 codes, 68 patients with 172 DKA events meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Cannabis use was defined as a positive urine test result for cannabis. Linear mixed models were used to define HK-CHS (pH ≥7.4 with bicarbonate ≥15 mmol/L [mEq/L]), and sensitivity and specificity were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.. Cannabis users had significantly higher pH (7.42 ± 0.01 vs. 7.09 ± 0.02) and bicarbonate (19.2 ± 0.61 vs. 9.1 ± 0.71 mmol/L) (P < 0.0001) compared with nonusers. The area under the ROC curve for a positive cannabis urine test result predicting HK-CHS was 0.9892.. In patients who present with DKA and higher pH, especially pH ≥7.4, cannabis use should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Topics: Adult; Cannabis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Humans; Ketosis; Sensitivity and Specificity

Topics: Animals; Cannabis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; New Zealand; Sheep; Vomiting

We examined the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in cannabis users compared with nonusers in the T1D Exchange clinic registry (T1DX).. The association between cannabis use by total substance score for cannabis (TSC) and DKA in the past 12 months was examined using a logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders among adults in the T1DX.. Of 932 adults with type 1 diabetes, 61 had a TSC >4, which classified them as moderate cannabis users. Adjusting for sex, age at study visit, and HbA. Cannabis use was associated with an increased risk for DKA among adults in the T1DX. Providers should inform their patients of the potential risk of DKA with cannabis use.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Female; Humans; Male; Marijuana Abuse; Marijuana Smoking; Registries; Risk Factors; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Cannabis; Colorado; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires

Pursuant to the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada, a rapid review was undertaken to develop a position statement concerning the effects of cannabis consumption on Canadians living with diabetes.. An expert committee of 1 adult endocrinologist and 1 pediatric endocrinologist, with the help of coauthors, collaborated to develop the position statement using the same evidence-based principles as the Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines (with the exception of an independent methods review). A rapid review was conducted by researchers with the Strategic Patient-Oriented Research Evidence Alliance. The scope of the review was limited to evaluating the effects of recreational cannabis use on: 1) metabolic factors and diabetes complications, and 2) diabetes self-management behaviors in people ≥13 years of age. An informed person with diabetes, Canadian health-care providers and scientific advisors performed independent external reviews.. The review found a limited amount of published or presented literature for the review questions, with gaps in direct evidence linking cessation of cannabis use to improved outcomes in diabetes. However, there were sufficient data to begin developing recommendations for type 1 and type 2 diabetes about education, counseling and management related to recreational cannabis usage.. This is the first attempt in the world to generate an evidence-based guidance document on the topic of recreational cannabis use and diabetes. It provides guidance for health-care providers, so that they can assist and counsel Canadians living with diabetes on recreational cannabis. Further, higher quality research is required to provide more robust and evidence-informed guidance.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Canada; Cannabis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Practice; Health Personnel; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Patient Education as Topic; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Prognosis; Risk Reduction Behavior; Self Care; Young Adult

Topics: Cannabis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis; Male; Marijuana Smoking

Topics: Adult; Antifungal Agents; Cannabis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Neuropathies; Empyema, Pleural; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis; Male; Marijuana Smoking; Medical Marijuana; Pneumothorax; Radiography; Volatilization; Voriconazole

Topics: Cannabis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis; Male; Marijuana Smoking

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and poor glycaemic control in young adults with Type 1 diabetes may be associated with street drug use. There are few studies in the UK looking at the prevalence of drug use in young adults with diabetes.. One hundred and fifty-eight young adults, aged sixteen to thirty years, with Type 1 diabetes attending an urban diabetes clinic were sent an anonymous confidential postal questionnaire to determine the prevalence of street drug use.. We received 85 completed responses. Twenty-nine percent of respondents admitted to using street drugs. Of those, 68 percent habitually took street drugs more than once a month. Seventy-two percent of users were unaware of the adverse effects on diabetes.. Self-reported street drug usage in young adults with Type 1 diabetes is common and may contribute to poor glycaemic control and serious complications of diabetes.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Cocaine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Hallucinogens; Heroin; Humans; Illicit Drugs; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Narcotics; Prevalence; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; United Kingdom