humulene and Child-Behavior-Disorders

There is a great deal of interest in the potential symptomatic benefits of medicinal cannabis among parents of children and adolescents with developmental disorders.. This article provides an overview of what is known about medicinal cannabis as a treatment for paediatric developmental disorders.. While there is emerging evidence in support of medicinal cannabis for some adult mental health disorders, to date the evidence in children and adolescents is scant. Reports from uncontrolled observational studies suggest that cannabidiol-rich products may be helpful in reducing behavioural problems in autistic youth. Cannabidiol appears to have a relatively benign adverse effect profile and therefore may be worth considering as a treatment option in some cases. Several controlled clinical trials are underway that will provide more definitive information on the therapeutic value of medicinal cannabis in paediatric developmental and behavioural disorders.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabidiol; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Problem Behavior

Pro-marijuana advocacy efforts exemplified by the "medical" marijuana movement, coupled with the absence of conspicuous public health messages about the potential dangers of marijuana use during pregnancy, could lead to greater use of today's more potent marijuana, which could have significant short- and long-term consequences. This article reviews the current literature regarding the effects of prenatal marijuana use on the pregnant woman and her offspring.

Topics: Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Cannabis; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Executive Function; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Marijuana Smoking; Placenta Diseases; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

Childhood adversity is strongly associated with adolescent substance use, but few epidemiologic studies have investigated early childhood adversity (ECA) before age 5. This study investigated pathways by which ECA is associated with adolescent alcohol and cannabis use and high school completion through childhood behavioral and academic mediators and their reciprocal effects.. Data were from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979-Child/Young Adult Cohort which surveyed children born 1984-1999 and followed through 2016 (n = 5521). Outcomes included alcohol and cannabis use frequency at ages 15-18, and high school completion by age 19. ECA at ages 0-4 was a cumulative score of maternal heavy drinking/drug use, low emotional support, low cognitive stimulation, and household poverty. Multilevel path models were conducted with ECA, childhood mediators (behavioral (externalizing and internalizing problems) and academics (reading and math scores), accounting for demographics and confounders.. ECA was indirectly associated with adolescent cannabis frequency through mediators of externalizing/internalizing problems, low academics, and early cannabis onset before age 14. ECA was also indirectly associated with alcohol frequency via the same mediators, but not early alcohol onset. Greater behavioral problems elevated substance use risk; whereas, low academics reduced risk. Reciprocal effects were evident between childhood behavioral problems and cannabis frequency to high school completion.. Adversity from birth to age 4 is associated with childhood behavioral problems and lower academics, which increased adolescent alcohol and cannabis use and lowered high school completion. Early childhood interventions with parents and preschools/daycare may reduce early onset and adolescent substance use.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Cannabis; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Longitudinal Studies; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult

The aim of this study is to investigate associations between use of cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol (CCA) and psychosocial problems among adolescents with different cultural backgrounds living in Nordic countries. Data from six questionnaire-based surveys conducted in Denmark, Norway, and Greenland, with participants from different cultural and religious backgrounds, were compared. A total of 2212 adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age participated in the study. The surveys were carried out nationally and in school settings. All adolescents answered a 12-item questionnaire (YouthMap12) with six questions identifying externalizing behavior problems and six questions identifying internalizing behavior problems, as well as four questions regarding childhood neglect and physical or sexual abuse, and questions about last month use of CCA. Externalizing behavior problems were strongly associated with all types of CCA use, while childhood history of abuse and neglect was associated with cigarette and cannabis use. The associations did not differ by sample. Despite differences between samples in use of CCA, national, cultural, and socioeconomic background, very similar associations were found between psychosocial problems and use of CCA. Our findings highlight the need to pay special attention to adolescents with externalizing behavior problems and experiences of neglect and assault in CCA prevention programs, across different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds.

Topics: Adolescent; Alcoholism; Cannabis; Child Abuse; Child Behavior Disorders; Denmark; Female; Greenland; Humans; Internal-External Control; Interviews as Topic; Male; Marijuana Smoking; Norway; Problem Behavior; Risk Factors; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Telephone

Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal substance among adolescents and young adults. Problematic cannabis use is often associated with comorbid psychopathological problems. The purpose of the current study was to elucidate the underlying developmental processes connecting externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in childhood and adolescence with problematic cannabis use in young adulthood.. Data were drawn from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study from birth to adulthood. For n=307 participants, symptom scores of conduct/oppositional defiant disorder, attention problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and internalizing disorders were available for the periods of childhood (4.5-11 years) and adolescence (15 years). At age 25 years, problematic cannabis use was assessed via clinical interview and a self-rating questionnaire.. At age 25 years, problematic cannabis use was identified in n=28 participants (9.1%). Childhood conduct/oppositional behavior problems were predictive of problematic cannabis use during young adulthood when comorbid symptoms were controlled for. No such effect was found for childhood attention, hyperactivity/impulsivity or internalizing problems. With respect to psychopathological symptoms during adolescence, only attention problems were significantly related to later problematic cannabis use when controlling for comorbidity.. The current study highlights the role of conduct/oppositional behavior problems during childhood and attention problems during adolescence in later problematic cannabis use. It sheds more light on the developmental sequence of childhood and adolescence psychopathology and young adult cannabis use, which is a prerequisite for effective prevention approaches.

Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Cannabis; Child; Child Behavior; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hyperkinesis; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Marijuana Smoking; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Psychopathology; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult

This is a longitudinal study of the relationship between prenatal tobacco exposure and the development of behavior problems in 672 children at the age of 3 years. Women from a prenatal clinic were interviewed about substance use at the end of each trimester of their pregnancy and at 3 years postpartum. Children were assessed at the age of 3 years with maternal ratings of behavior problems, activity, and attention. The prevalence of tobacco use was high in this cohort; 54.3% and 52.3% of the women smoked tobacco in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. At 3 years postpartum, 61.6% of the women were smokers. There were significant effects of prenatal tobacco exposure on the children's behavior at age 3 years. Increases in scores on the Oppositional Behavior, Immaturity, Emotional Instability, Physical Aggression, and Activity scales and in the total score on the Toddler Behavior Checklist (TBC) were significantly associated with prenatal tobacco exposure. Smoking one pack of tobacco cigarettes per day during the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increase of 6 points in the total problem behavior score. Among the subscales of the TBC, tobacco exposure had the largest effect on oppositional behavior. Impulsivity and peer problems were associated with both prenatal and current tobacco exposure. Only current tobacco exposure predicted attention problems. Prenatal tobacco exposure had a significant negative effect on the development of behavior problems among preschoolers.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Models, Statistical; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prevalence; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders

Tested a mediational model of the relationship between parental substance use and adolescents' substance (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana) use with data from a sample of 1,775 adolescents, mean age 13.3 years, who completed a questionnaire including constructs from three theories of substance use. Mediational analyses identified five constructs involved in the relationship of parental and adolescent use. A structural model with latent constructs for substance use showed indirect effects of parental substance use through greater tolerance for deviance, lower behavioral control, greater perceived coping function of substance use, more negative life events, and more affiliation with peer users, plus a direct effect. Implications for the theory of transmission of risk are considered.

Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Cannabis; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Life Change Events; Male; Nicotiana; Parents; Plants, Toxic; Stress, Psychological; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires

The authors studies the correlation of methylphenidate medication in childhood with later drug abuse and growth in height. Thirty adolescents with histories of minimal brain dysfunction who had been treated for at least six months with chemotherapy were compared with 30 adolescents who had not been so treated. The findings do not indicate that methylphenidate prescribed in childhood contributed to later drug abuse or seriously interfered with growth in height.

Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Body Height; Cannabis; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Female; Growth; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Mescaline; Methylphenidate; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors

Topics: Achievement; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Cannabis; Child Behavior Disorders; Female; Homosexuality; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Juvenile Delinquency; Male; Parent-Child Relations; Personality; Self Concept; Sexual Behavior; Social Adjustment; Social Alienation; Social Control, Formal; Socialization; Student Dropouts; Substance-Related Disorders; Syndrome

Topics: Adult; Alcoholic Intoxication; Cannabis; Child Behavior Disorders; Family; Female; Humans; Morphine Dependence; Projective Techniques; Schizophrenia; Social Adjustment; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide

Topics: Age Factors; Amphetamine; Cannabis; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Family Therapy; Group Processes; Heroin; Hospitalization; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Humans; Male; New York; Parent-Child Relations; Psychotherapy; Social Behavior; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Child Behavior Disorders; Crime; Depression; Humans; Hyperkinesis; Legislation, Drug; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Narcolepsy; Paranoid Disorders; Psychology, Adolescent; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Psychotherapy; Schizophrenia; Social Behavior; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Cannabis; Child Behavior Disorders; Child Psychiatry; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Phytotherapy; Play Therapy; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affective Symptoms; Age Factors; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Cannabis; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Egypt; Enuresis; Epilepsy; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Hypochondriasis; Hysteria; Infant; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Occupations; Personality Disorders; Schizophrenia; Sex Factors; Social Class; Stuttering; Substance-Related Disorders