humulene and Cardiovascular-Diseases

Progressive legalization for medical conditions or recreational use has led to an increased use of cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids over the past years. Most consumers are young and healthy, without cardiovascular risk factors; however, this population is expected to include older individuals. Thus, concerns have arisen about safety and short- and long-term potential adverse effects, with special emphasis on vulnerable groups. Studies show that cannabis might be linked with thrombosis, inflammation, and atherosclerosis, and many reports have associated cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids use with serious adverse cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, stroke, and cardiac arrest. A clearly defined causal role cannot be demonstrated, because of confounding variables. Physicians need to become aware of the possible spectrum of clinical presentations, not only for timely diagnosis and treatment, but also for effective counseling and prevention.In this review, we aim to provide a basic understanding of the physiological effects of cannabis, the role of the endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular disease, and the cardiovascular consequences of cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid use, including a comprehensive review of the studies and case reports that provide supportive evidence for cannabis as a trigger of adverse cardiovascular events according to the current literature.

Topics: Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Risk Factors

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a disease typically associated with aging and the definitive leading cause of death worldwide, now threatens young and middle-aged populations. Recreational abuse of alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and amphetamine-type stimulants has been an escalating public health problem for decades, but now use of these substances has become a significant contributor to early-onset CVD. While this remains a global phenomenon, the epicentre of substance abuse is rooted in North America, where it has been exacerbated by the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. For the first time in history, the United States crossed 100,000 overdose-related deaths in a calendar year. Sadly, Canada's recreational drug abuse problem closely mirrors that of the US. This is indicative of the larger public health crisis, as we now know that these substances are cardiotoxic and are contributing to the rising levels of premature chronic CVD, including hypertension, arrhythmias, heart failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, arterial dissection, sudden cardiac death, and early mortality.

Topics: Amphetamines; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cocaine; COVID-19; Ethanol; Humans; Middle Aged; Pandemics; United States

The most effective way to control severity and mortality rate of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is through sensitive diagnostic approaches and an appropriate treatment protocol. We aimed to identify the effect of adding corticosteroid and Tocilizumab to a standard treatment protocol in treating COVID-19 patients with chronic disease through hematological and lab biomarkers.. This study was performed retrospectively on 68 COVID-19 patients with chronic disease who were treated by different therapeutic protocols. The patients were categorized into four groups: control group represented the patients' lab results at admission before treatment protocols were applied; group 1 included patients treated with anticoagulants, Hydroxychloroquine, and antibiotics; group 2 comprised patients treated with Dexamethasone; and group 3 included patients treated with Dexamethasone and Tocilizumab.. The study paves the way into the effectiveness of combining Dexamethasone with Tocilizumab in treatment COVID-19 patients with chronic diseases.. La forma más eficaz de controlar la gravedad y la tasa de mortalidad de la enfermedad del nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19) es mediante enfoques de diagnóstico sensibles y un protocolo de tratamiento adecuado. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar el efecto de agregar corticosteroides y tocilizumab a un protocolo de tratamiento estándar en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19 con enfermedad crónica a través de biomarcadores hematológicos y de laboratorio.. Este estudio se realizó de forma retrospectiva en 68 pacientes COVID-19 con enfermedad crónica que fueron tratados por diferentes protocolos terapéuticos. Los pacientes se clasificaron en cuatro grupos: el grupo de control representaba los resultados de laboratorio de los pacientes en el momento de la admisión antes de que se aplicaran los protocolos de tratamiento; el grupo 1 incluyó a pacientes tratados con anticoagulantes, hidroxicloroquina y antibióticos; el grupo 2 estaba compuesto por pacientes tratados con dexametasona; y el grupo 3 incluyó a pacientes tratados con dexametasona y tocilizumab.. El estudio allana el camino hacia la eficacia de la combinación de dexametasona con tocilizumab en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19 con enfermedades crónicas.. The Child-Mother Index constitutes a potential useful risk factor indicator for statistical analyses on data after birth. The value of the Child-Mother Index based on the estimated fetal weight before birth deserves evaluation.. Six ceria supports synthesized by various synthesis methodologies were used to deposit cobalt oxide. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized, and their catalytic activity for complete methane oxidation was studied. The supports synthesized by direct calcination and precipitation with ammonia exhibited the best textural and structural properties as well as the highest degree of oxidation. The remaining supports presented poorer textural properties to be employed as catalytic supports. The cobalt deposited over the first two supports presented a good dispersion at the external surface, which induced a significant redox effect that increased the number of Co. Some studies show that children with obesity are more likely to receive a diagnosis of depression, anxiety, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But this does not necessarily mean obesity causes these conditions. Depression, anxiety, or ADHD could cause obesity. A child's environment, including family income or their parents' mental health, could also affect a child's weight and mental health. Understanding the nature of these relationships could help scientists develop better interventions for both obesity and mental health conditions. Genetic studies may help scientists better understand the role of the environment in these conditions, but it's important to consider both the child's and their parents’ genetics in these analyses. This is because parents and children share not only genes, but also environmental conditions. For example, families that carry genetic variants associated with higher body weight might also have lower incomes, if parents have been affected by biases against heavier people in society and the workplace. Children in these families could have worse mental health because of effects of their parent’s weight, rather than their own weight. Looking at both child and adult genetics can help disentangle these processes. Hughes et al. show that a child's own body mass index, a ratio of weight and height, is not strongly associated with the child’s mental health symptoms. They analysed genetic, weight, and health survey data from about 41,000 8-year-old children and their parents. The results suggest that a child's own BMI does not have a large effect on their anxiety symptoms. There was also no clear evidence that a child's BMI affected their symptoms of depression or ADHD. These results contradict previous studies, which did not account for parental genetics. Hughes et al. suggest that, at least for eight-year-olds, factors linked with adult weight and which differ between families may be more critical to a child's mental health than a child’s own weight. For older children and adolescents, this may not be the case, and the individual’s own weight may be more important. As a result, policies designed to reduce obesity in mid-childhood are unlikely to greatly improve the mental health of children. On the other hand, policies targeting the environmental or societal factors contributing to higher body weights, bias against people with higher weights, and poor child mental health directly may be more beneficial.. The development of an efficient photocatalyst for C2 product formation from CO. Оценка антиастенического эффекта последовательной терапии левокарнитином (ЛК) и ацетилкарнитином (АЛК) пациентов с артериальной гипертензией и/или ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) с астеническим синдромом (АС).. В открытое сравнительное исследование были включены 120 пациентов в возрасте 54—67 лет с артериальной гипертензией и/или ИБС с АС. Пациенты 1-й группы (. У больных 1-й группы отмечено статистически значимое уменьшение различных проявлений АС. Отличия носили достоверный характер по сравнению как с исходным уровнем, так и со 2-й группой. Установлено эндотелийпротективное действие ЛК и АЛК.. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что у таких коморбидных пациентов использование ЛК и АЛК уменьшает выраженность проявлений АС, а установленные эндотелиотропные свойства препаратов позволяют рекомендовать их в составе комплексной персонифицированной терапии пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями.. Naproxen sodium 440 mg/diphenhydramine 50 mg combination demonstrated improvement in sleep maintenance (WASO) vs. naproxen sodium 550 mg and higher efficiency in average daily pain reduction compared with the comparison groups. The treatment was well tolerated There were no serious or unexpected adverse events reported in the study.. Сравнительный анализ эффективности и безопасности новой комбинации напроксена натрия и дифенгидрамина у пациентов с неспецифическим болевым синдромом в пояснично-крестцовом отделе спины (M54.5 «Боль внизу спины») и нарушением сна (G47.0 «Нарушения засыпания и поддержания сна [бессонница]»).. Проведено проспективное многоцентровое рандомизированное открытое сравнительное в параллельных группах клиническое исследование. Пациенты были рандомизированы в 3 группы. Больные 1-й группы получали напроксен натрия (440 мг) и дифенгидрамин (50 мг), 2-й — напроксен натрия (550 мг), 3-й — парацетамол (1000 мг) и дифенгидрамин (50 мг). Исследуемые препараты пациенты принимали однократно перед сном в течение 3 дней. Все пациенты также принимали 275 мг (1 таблетка) напроксена натрия в качестве препарата фоновой терапии. Первичным критерием эффективности было общее время бодрствования после наступления сна (WASO), измеряемое методом актиграфии. Также использовались критерии оценки продолжительности и качества сна и выраженности боли.. Анализ эффективности проведен для ITT популяции (. Применение комбинации напроксена натрия (440 мг) и дифенгидрамина (50 мг) характеризовалось более выраженным поддержанием сна по сравнению с напроксеном натрия 550 мг и более высокой эффективностью в отношении снижения интенсивности боли по сравнению со 2-й и 3-й группами. Отмечена хорошая переносимость препарата, серьезных нежелательных явлений зарегистрировано не было.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcarnitine; Acetylcholinesterase; Acids; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Alzheimer Disease; Amikacin; Ammonia; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Anorexia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Anxiety; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Asthenia; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Bacterial Proteins; Beryllium; beta-Lactamases; Biofuels; Biomass; Biosensing Techniques; Bismuth; Blister; Body Mass Index; Body Surface Area; Boronic Acids; Brain; Breast Neoplasms; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cannabis; Carbapenems; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Carboxylic Acids; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Child; China; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clarithromycin; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cohort Studies; Colistin; Colitis; Colon; Coloring Agents; Coronary Artery Bypass; Creatinine; Crystalloid Solutions; Cytokines; Depression; Dextran Sulfate; Dextrans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diarrhea; Dietary Supplements; Diphenhydramine; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Outbreaks; Double-Blind Method; Doxorubicin; Drosophila; Drug Tapering; Dysbiosis; Electrons; Escherichia coli; Extracellular Vesicles; Fatigue; Female; Fermentation; gamma-Cyclodextrins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose; Graft Survival; Graft vs Host Disease; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Heart Arrest, Induced; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; High-Intensity Interval Training; Hippocampus; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypertension; Incidence; Interferon-gamma; Italy; Kinetics; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Lactoferrin; Larva; Length of Stay; Lignin; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Transplantation; Living Donors; Low Back Pain; Lung; Lung Volume Measurements; Macrophages; Male; Melphalan; Men; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Meropenem; Methane; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mitochondrial Proteins; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Mothers; Motivation; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma hominis; Mycoplasma Infections; NAD; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Nanotubes, Carbon; Naproxen; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neurons; Nitrates; Nucleolin; Opuntia; Paratyphoid Fever; Phenotype; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Resveratrol; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Risk Factors; RNA, Messenger; Selenium; Sleep; Social Behavior; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Staphylococcus aureus; Structure-Activity Relationship; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Superoxide Dismutase-1; Surveys and Questionnaires; Swimming; Syndrome; Tannins; Temperature; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Transplantation Conditioning; Treatment Outcome; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Troponin T; Tumor Microenvironment; United Kingdom; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Urinary Tract Infections; Viscum; Waste Disposal Facilities; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Wolfiporia; Young Adult

The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis, a balance in internal environment (temperature, mood, and immune system) and energy input and output in living, biological systems. In addition to regulating physiological processes, the ECS directly influences anxiety, feeding behaviour/appetite, emotional behaviour, depression, nervous functions, neurogenesis, neuroprotection, reward, cognition, learning, memory, pain sensation, fertility, pregnancy, and pre-and post-natal development. The ECS is also involved in several pathophysiological diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the ECS has gained significant interest in medicine, research, and drug discovery and development. The distribution of the components of the ECS system throughout the body, and the physiological/pathophysiological role of the ECS-signalling pathways in many diseases, all offer promising opportunities for the development of novel cannabinergic, cannabimimetic, and cannabinoid-based therapeutic drugs that genetically or pharmacologically modulate the ECS via inhibition of metabolic pathways and/or agonism or antagonism of the receptors of the ECS. This modulation results in the differential expression/activity of the components of the ECS that may be beneficial in the treatment of a number of diseases. This manuscript in-depth review will investigate the potential of the ECS in the treatment of various diseases, and to put forth the suggestion that many of these secondary metabolites of

Topics: Anxiety; Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Depression; Endocannabinoids; Feeding Behavior; Homeostasis; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurogenesis; Pain; Receptors, Cannabinoid

For the first time in the history of the modern era smoking tobacco is not the most popular inhaled product. After a flurry of legislature, cannabis has come to the forefront of both medicinal and recreational drug use. A confluence of evidence suggests, however, that marijuana consumption may confer a particularly worrisome cardiovascular risk profile. While combustible forms still contain many of the same harmful chemicals found in tobacco such as aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nitric oxide, some in even greater concentrations than tobacco, edible preparations have been evidenced to cause more cardiovascular-related emergency department visits. Importantly, this body of evidence suggests that cannabis use may be placing a younger, healthier population at risk of suffering major cardiovascular accidents particularly in the moments immediately following consumption. With males in their 30's apparently bearing the brunt of this burden, cannabis consumption has been associated with an increase in ischemic stroke-a blockage in the cerebral or cerebellar vasculature-and almost a fivefold increase in myocardial infarction. THC containing compounds have also been linked to vascular complications ranging from mild plaques to total arterial occlusion resulting in claudication, rest pain, ischemic ulceration and gangrene-recently termed cannabis arteritis. While this research remains in a nascent stage, marijuana consumption seems to be predisposing a youthful, traditionally low health risk cohort to a variety of major adverse cardiovascular events.

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Marijuana Smoking; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Risk Factors

The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression among health professionals in the three most affected regions in Cameroon.. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional type. Participants were health care professionals working in the three chosen regions of Cameroon. The non_probability convinient sample technique and that of the snowball were valued via a web questionnaire. The non-exhaustive sample size was 292. The diagnosis of anxiety and depression was made by the HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale).. Les auteurs rapportent que le secteur médical est classé à un plus grand risque de contracter le COVID-19 et de le propager potentiellement à d’autres. Le nombre sans cesse croissant de cas confirmés et suspects, la pression dans les soins, l’épuisement des équipements de protection individuelle et le manque de médicaments spécifiques peuvent contribuer à un vécu anxio-dépressif significatif. La présente étude s’est donnée pour ambition d’évaluer la prévalence des symptômes de l’anxiété et de la dépression chez les professionnels de santé dans les trois Régions les plus concernées au Cameroun.. Le choix des trois Régions du Cameroun se justifie non seulement par le fait qu’elles totalisent 95,8 % des cas de coronavirus au pays depuis le début de la pandémie, mais aussi parce qu’elles disposent de plus de la moitié des personnels de santé (56 %). Il s’agit d’une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique. Les participants sont des professionnels de la santé en service dans les Régions du Centre, Littoral et de l’Ouest du Cameroun. La méthode d’échantillonnage non probabiliste de convenance couplée à celle de boule de neige via un web questionnaire a été adoptée. La collecte des données a duré du 5 au 19 avril 2020, intervalle de temps après lequel on n’avait plus eu de répondants. À la fin de cette période, la taille de l’échantillon non exhaustive était de 292 professionnels. Le diagnostic de l’état anxio-dépressive était posé via l’échelle de HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale). Dans le HAD, chaque réponse cotée évalue de manière semi-quantitative l’intensité du symptôme au cours de la semaine écoulée. Un score total est obtenu ainsi que des scores aux deux sous-échelles : le score maximal est de 42 pour l’échelle globale et de 21 pour chacune des sous-échelles. Le coefficient alpha de Cronbach est de 0,70 pour la dépression et de 0,74 pour l’anxiété. Certains auteurs après plusieurs travaux ont proposé qu’une note inférieure ou égale à 7 indique une absence d’anxiété ou de dépression ; celle comprise entre 8 et 10 suggère une anxiété ou une dépression faible à bénigne ; entre 11 et 14, pour une anxiété ou une dépression modérée ; enfin, une note comprise entre 15 et 21 est révélatrice d’une anxiété sévère. Le logiciel Excel 2013 et Epi Info version 7.2.2.6 ont été utilisés pour les traitements statistiques. Les liens entre les variables ont été considérées significatifs pour une valeur de. L’amélioration des conditions de travail et notamment la fourniture d’équipement de protection, la mise en place des cellules spéciales d’écoute pour le personnel de santé pourraient être proposées.. Taken together with satisfactory selectivity index (SI) values, the acetone and methanol extracts of. During a mean follow-up period of 25.6 ± 13.9 months, 38 (18.4%) VAs and 78 (37.7%) end-stage events occurred. Big ET-1 was positively correlated with NYHA class (. In primary prevention ICD indication patients, plasma big ET-1 levels can predict VAs and end-stage events and may facilitate ICD-implantation risk stratification.. Beyond age, cognitive impairment was associated with prior MI/stroke, higher hsCRP, statin use, less education, lower eGFR, BMI and LVEF.. These data demonstrate that even a short period of detraining is harmful for elderly women who regularly participate in a program of strength training, since it impairs physical performance, insulin sensitivity and cholesterol metabolism.. Exposure to PM. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is reduced after PVI in patients with paroxysmal AF. Our findings suggest that this is related to a decrease in cardiac vagal tone. Whether and how this affects the clinical outcome including exercise capacity need to be determined.. BDNF and leptin were not associated with weight. We found that miR-214-5p exerted a protective role in I/R injured cardiac cells by direct targeting FASLG. The results indicated that the MGO injection reduced all CCl. The hepatoprotective effects of MGO might be due to histopathological suppression and inflammation inhibition in the liver.. OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by. PF trajectories were mainly related to income, pregestational BMI, birth weight, hospitalisation due to respiratory diseases in childhood, participant's BMI, report of wheezing, medical diagnosis and family history of asthma, gestational exposure to tobacco and current smoking status in adolescence and young adult age.. In chronic pain patients on opioids, administration of certain benzodiazepine sedatives induced a mild respiratory depression but paradoxically reduced sleep apnoea risk and severity by increasing the respiratory arousal threshold.. Quantitative measurements of sensory disturbances using the PainVision. The serum level of 20S-proteasome may be a useful marker for disease activity in AAV.. The electrophysiological data and MD simulations collectively suggest a crucial role of the interactions between the HA helix and S4-S5 linker in the apparent Ca. Invited for the cover of this issue are Vanesa Fernández-Moreira, Nils Metzler-Nolte, M. Concepción Gimeno and co-workers at Universidad de Zaragoza and Ruhr-Universität Bochum. The image depicts the reported bimetallic bioconjugates as planes directing the gold fragment towards the target (lysosomes). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202002067.. The optimal CRT pacing configuration changes during dobutamine infusion while LV and RV activation timing does not. Further studies investigating the usefulness of automated dynamic changes to CRT pacing configuration according to physiologic condition may be warranted.

Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acrylic Resins; Actinobacillus; Acute Disease; Acute Kidney Injury; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Advance Care Planning; Africa, Northern; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Albendazole; Aluminum Oxide; Anastomosis, Surgical; Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Androstadienes; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Angiotensin II; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Bispecific; Antibodies, Viral; Anticoagulants; Antihypertensive Agents; Antinematodal Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Antiporters; Antiviral Agents; Apoptosis; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Aromatase Inhibitors; Asian People; Astrocytes; Atrial Fibrillation; Auditory Threshold; Aurora Kinase B; Australia; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Protein 5; Autotrophic Processes; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacterial Proteins; Beclin-1; Belgium; Benzene; Benzene Derivatives; Benzhydryl Compounds; beta Catenin; beta-Arrestin 2; Biliary Tract Diseases; Biofilms; Biofuels; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biomass; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bioreactors; Biosensing Techniques; Biosynthetic Pathways; Bismuth; Blood Platelets; Bone and Bones; Bone Regeneration; Bortezomib; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchodilator Agents; Calcium Phosphates; Cannabis; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices; Cardiomyopathies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cariostatic Agents; Case Managers; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Cation Transport Proteins; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cecropia Plant; Cell Adhesion; Cell Count; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Self Renewal; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellular Reprogramming; Cellulose; Charcoal; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chemical Phenomena; Chemokines; Chemoradiotherapy; Chemoreceptor Cells; Child; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; China; Chlorogenic Acid; Chloroquine; Chromatography, Gas; Chronic Disease; Clinical Competence; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Cochlea; Cohort Studies; Color; Comorbidity; Computer Simulation; Computer-Aided Design; Contraception; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Contrast Media; COP-Coated Vesicles; Coronavirus Infections; Cost of Illness; Coturnix; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Culex; Curriculum; Cyclic N-Oxides; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Cytotoxins; Databases, Factual; Deep Learning; Delivery, Obstetric; Denitrification; Dental Caries; Denture, Complete; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dielectric Spectroscopy; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fiber; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; DNA; DNA Copy Number Variations; DNA, Mitochondrial; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Dopaminergic Neurons; Double-Blind Method; Down-Regulation; Doxorubicin; Drug Carriers; Drug Design; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dry Powder Inhalers; Dust; E2F1 Transcription Factor; Ecosystem; Education, Nursing; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; Electric Impedance; Electricity; Electrocardiography; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Endothelial Cells; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epithelial Cells; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Europe; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; Exosomes; Feasibility Studies; Female; Ferricyanides; Ferrocyanides; Fibrinogen; Finite Element Analysis; Fistula; Fluorescent Dyes; Fluorides, Topical; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Fluticasone; Follow-Up Studies; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Foods, Specialized; Forensic Medicine; Frail Elderly; France; Free Radicals; Fresh Water; Fungi; Fungicides, Industrial; Galactosamine; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Gingival Hemorrhage; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental; Glucose; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; Glucosides; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Gold; GPI-Linked Proteins; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Graphite; Haplotypes; HCT116 Cells; Healthy Volunteers; Hearing Loss; Heart Failure; Hedgehog Proteins; HEK293 Cells; HeLa Cells; Hemodynamics; Hemorrhage; Hepatocytes; Hippo Signaling Pathway; Histone Deacetylases; Homeostasis; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Humans; Hydantoins; Hydrazines; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Hydroxylamines; Hypoglycemic Agents; Immunity, Innate; Immunoglobulin G; Immunohistochemistry; Immunologic Factors; Immunomodulation; Immunophenotyping; Immunotherapy; Incidence; Indazoles; Indonesia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Injections, Intramuscular; Insecticides; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Insurance, Health; Intention to Treat Analysis; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases; Interleukin-6; Intrauterine Devices; Intrauterine Devices, Copper; Iron; Ischemia; Jordan; Keratinocytes; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kir5.1 Channel; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Laparoscopy; Lasers; Lasers, Semiconductor; Lenalidomide; Leptin; Lethal Dose 50; Levonorgestrel; Limit of Detection; Lipid Metabolism; Lipid Metabolism Disorders; Lipogenesis; Lipopolysaccharides; Liquid Biopsy; Liver; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Longevity; Lung Neoplasms; Luteolin; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocyte Activation; Macaca fascicularis; Macrophages; Mad2 Proteins; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mammary Glands, Human; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Materials Testing; Maternal Health Services; MCF-7 Cells; Medicaid; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Melanoma; Membrane Proteins; Mental Health; Mercury; Metal Nanoparticles; Metals, Heavy; Metformin; Methionine Adenosyltransferase; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Nude; Microalgae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microglia; MicroRNAs; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; 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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tyrosine; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Ubiquitination; Ultrasonic Waves; United Kingdom; United States; United States Department of Veterans Affairs; Up-Regulation; Urea; Uric Acid; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic; Urine; Urodynamics; User-Computer Interface; Vemurafenib; Verbenaceae; Veterans; Veterans Health; Viral Load; Virtual Reality; Vitiligo; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Wildfires; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; X-Ray Diffraction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Xylenes; Young Adult; Zinc; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Sulfate; Zoonoses

Δ

Topics: Apoptosis; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; Dronabinol; Humans; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nowadays cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes for the reduction of the quality of life. The endocannabinoid system is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders due to its involvement in vasomotor control, cardiac contractility, blood pressure and vascular inflammation. Alteration in cannabinoid signalling can be often related to cardiotoxicity, circulatory shock, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Plants have been the major sources of medicines until modern eras in which researchers are experiencing a rediscovery of natural compounds as novel therapeutics. One of the most versatile plant is Cannabis sativa L., containing phytocannabinoids that may play a role in the treatment of CVDs. The aim of this review is to collect and investigate several less studied plants rich in cannabinoid-like active compounds able to interact with cannabinoid system; these plants may play a pivotal role in the treatment of disorders related to the cardiovascular system.

Topics: Animals; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Endocannabinoids; Humans; Plants

In recent years, the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in various cardiovascular conditions has been a subject of great interest. The ECS is composed of cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands, also known as endocannabinoids, and enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids. Several lines of evidence suggest that the ECS plays a complex role in cardiac and vascular systems; however, under normal physiological conditions the functions of the ECS are limited. Overactivation of components of the ECS has been associated with various cardiovascular conditions. Intriguingly, activation of the ECS may also reflect a cardioprotective compensatory mechanism. With this knowledge, a range of naturally occurring and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists, as well as inhibitors of endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes have emerged as promising approaches for the treatment or management of cardiovascular health. This review will first focus on the known role of the ECS in regulating the cardiovascular system. Secondly, we discuss emerging data highlighting the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring non-psychoactive ECS modulators within the cardiovascular system, including phytocannabinoids, terpenes, and the endocannabinoid-like molecule palmitoylethanolamide.

Topics: Amides; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Endocannabinoids; Ethanolamines; Humans; Palmitic Acids; Phytotherapy; Terpenes

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating and generally well-tolerated constituent of cannabis which exhibits potential beneficial properties in a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. Due to its complex mechanism of action, CBD may affect the cardiovascular system in different ways. Thus, we reviewed the influence of CBD on this system in health and disease to determine the potential risk of cardiovascular side effects during CBD use for medical and wellness purposes and to elucidate its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases. Administration of CBD to healthy volunteers or animals usually does not markedly affect hemodynamic parameters. Although CBD has been found to exhibit vasodilatory and antioxidant properties in hypertension, it has not affected blood pressure in hypertensive animals. Hypotensive action of CBD has been mainly revealed under stress conditions. Many positive effects of CBD have been observed in experimental models of heart diseases (myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis), stroke, neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, sepsis-related encephalitis, cardiovascular complications of diabetes, and ischemia/reperfusion injures of liver and kidneys. In these pathological conditions CBD decreased organ damage and dysfunction, oxidative and nitrative stress, inflammatory processes and apoptosis, among others. Nevertheless, further clinical research is needed to recommend the use of CBD in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cannabidiol; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Humans

Cannabis use has increased over the past several years as some countries have legalized its use for the treatment of certain medical conditions and/or for recreational use. Thus, concerns have risen about potential adverse health effects. Increasing number of reports have associated cannabis use with serious cardiovascular (CV) complications. Furthermore, there appears to be a likeness in the harmful health effects, especially on the CV and respiratory systems, of cannabis smoking to those of tobacco smoking.. To review the CV effects of cannabis use and compare them with those of tobacco use.. Articles were reviewed that were published in English literature reporting on cannabis and cannabinoid pharmacology and their effects on the CV system and their consequences. Emphasis was also placed on articles reporting on cannabis use in adolescents, exposure to secondhand smoke, its effect on exercise and finally its inter-relationship and similarities with tobacco use.. With growing cannabis use, an increasing number of reports have emerged associating marijuana use with serious and life-threatening CV complications, including acute coronary syndromes, potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias and ischemic strokes. There are certain similarities of the deleterious CV and respiratory effects of cannabis smoking with those of tobacco smoking. Despite the difference in the active ingredients (tetrahydrocannabinol vs. nicotine), each substance produces a plethora of chemicals when smoked and these are largely identical; furthermore, due to different modes of smoking, cannabis chemicals are retained in the body for a longer time. Of course, concomitant tobacco and cannabis smoking is a perplexing factor in isolating damages specifically pertaining to cannabis use, while the health risk is additive. Although the mechanisms producing CV harm may be somewhat different between these two substances, the outcome appears similar, or even worse, as the effects may emerge at a younger age.. There is an increasing concern that, apart from the mental health problem with cannabis smoking, societies may be facing another wave of a déjà vu/déjà vécu phenomenon similar to the tobacco smoking story.

Topics: Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Rate; Humans; Marijuana Smoking; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; Risk Factors

Synthetic cannabinoids have caused a large number of emergency presentations to hospitals for adverse cardiovascular events including numerous deaths, particularly for the more potent analogs acting on the CB

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dronabinol; Forensic Toxicology; Humans; Marijuana Smoking; Stroke; Thrombosis

The use of recreational drugs has increased globally, with the most commonly used recreational drug being cannabis. As of 2019, 10 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis for recreational use, with more states potentially joining this movement. With the increased legalization of cannabis, leading to even greater recreational and medicinal use, it is important to recognize its effect on cardiovascular health. We propose to review the current literature regarding the pathophysiology of endocannabinoids, their hemodynamic effects, and their association with acute and chronic cardiovascular outcomes.. The demonstrated effects of the endocannabinoid system on the cardiovascular system at the cellular level have led to great interest regarding its potential clinical impact. A number of studies have attempted to characterize the hemodynamic effects of cannabis use as well as its potential negative impact on the cardiovascular system, but the data are inconclusive at this time. The largest prospective study to date, the CARDIA study, failed to show an association between lifetime or recent cannabis use and cardiovascular events. There is suggestion on a molecular level and based on retrospective analyses that cannabis may have a negative impact on the cardiovascular system. However, prospective clinical data has not confirmed these suggested findings. Further research is needed to better elucidate the association, if any, between cannabis and cardiovascular disease.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Dronabinol; Endocannabinoids; Female; Humans; Legislation, Drug; Male; Marijuana Smoking; Middle Aged; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; Young Adult

The purpose of the study was to examine the published evidence on the cardiovascular risk related to the use of cannabis-based products by performing a systematic review of recent literature.. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that cannabis use represents a risky behavior as it may lead to many adverse effects, and in particular, cardiovascular effects. A systematic review of articles published between January 1, 2011 and May 31, 2016 was performed in agreement with the PRISMA statement. Articles presenting data on humans exposed to cannabis-based products and suffering from any cardiovascular condition were eligible for inclusion. The inclusion process was based on a search algorithm and performed in a blinded standardized manner. Overall, 826 articles were found in the literature search, 115 of which remained after performing the inclusion procedure. These were 81 case reports, 29 observational studies, 3 clinical trials, and 2 experimental studies. A total of 116 individuals was the subject of case reports. The mean age was 31 years (95%CI = 29-34), and patients were more frequently men (81.9%) than women (18.1%). They mainly suffered from ischemic strokes or myocardial infarctions. Data provided by the 29 included observational studies evidenced an association between exposure to cannabis-based products and cardiovascular disease. Currently, this evidence is stronger for ischemic strokes than for any other cardiovascular diseases. While the data are limited, there is some suggestion that cannabis use may have negative cardiovascular consequences, particularly at large doses.

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Medical Marijuana; Risk Factors; Stroke

Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug, with approximately 200 million users worldwide. Once illegal throughout the United States, cannabis is now legal for medicinal purposes in several states and for recreational use in 3 states. The current wave of decriminalization may lead to more widespread use, and it is important that cardiologists be made aware of the potential for marijuana-associated adverse cardiovascular effects that may begin to occur in the population at a greater frequency. In this report, the investigators focus on the known cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral effects of marijuana inhalation. Temporal associations between marijuana use and serious adverse events, including myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, cardiomyopathy, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and cannabis arteritis have been described. In conclusion, the potential for increased use of marijuana in the changing legal landscape suggests the need for the community to intensify research regarding the safety of marijuana use and for cardiologists to maintain an awareness of the potential for adverse effects.

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Inhalation; Marijuana Smoking; Peripheral Vascular Diseases

Starting from the well-documented effects of marijuana smoking on heart rate and blood pressure, the cardiovascular effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the main psychotropic ingredient of Cannabis) and endocannabinoids [THC endogenous counterparts that activate cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB₁) and 2 (CB₂)] have been thoroughly investigated. These studies were mostly aimed at establishing the molecular bases of the hypotensive actions of THC, endocannabinoids and related molecules, but also evaluated their therapeutic potential in cardiac injury protection, metabolic cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. The results of these investigations, reviewed here, also served to highlight some of the most peculiar aspects of endocannabinoid signaling, such as redundancy in endocannabinoid targets and the often dualistic role of CB₁ and CB₂ receptors during pathological conditions.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Pressure; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Dronabinol; Endocannabinoids; Heart Rate; Humans; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Psychotropic Drugs; Rats; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; Signal Transduction

Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Evoked Potentials; Humans; Marijuana Abuse; Nicotiana; Nitrous Oxide; Perioperative Care; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Smoking

Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug worldwide. As societies reconsider the legal status of cannabis, policy makers and clinicians require sound knowledge of the acute and chronic effects of cannabis. This review focuses on the latter.. A systematic review of Medline, PubMed, PsychInfo, and Google Scholar using the search terms "cannabis," "marijuana," "marihuana," "toxicity," "complications," and "mechanisms" identified 5,198 papers. This list was screened by hand, and papers describing mechanisms and those published in more recent years were chosen preferentially for inclusion in this review.. There is evidence of psychiatric, respiratory, cardiovascular, and bone toxicity associated with chronic cannabis use. Cannabis has now been implicated in the etiology of many major long-term psychiatric conditions including depression, anxiety, psychosis, bipolar disorder, and an amotivational state. Respiratory conditions linked with cannabis include reduced lung density, lung cysts, and chronic bronchitis. Cannabis has been linked in a dose-dependent manner with elevated rates of myocardial infarction and cardiac arrythmias. It is known to affect bone metabolism and also has teratogenic effects on the developing brain following perinatal exposure. Cannabis has been linked to cancers at eight sites, including children after in utero maternal exposure, and multiple molecular pathways to oncogenesis exist.. Chronic cannabis use is associated with psychiatric, respiratory, cardiovascular, and bone effects. It also has oncogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects all of which depend upon dose and duration of use.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Cannabis; Carcinogens; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetus; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Male; Marijuana Smoking; MEDLINE; Mutagens; Pregnancy; Psychotic Disorders; Teratogens; Toxicity Tests, Chronic; Young Adult

For over two decades, cannabis, commonly known as marijuana, has been the most widely used illicit drug by young people in high-income countries, and has recently become popular on a global scale. Epidemiological research during the past 10 years suggests that regular use of cannabis during adolescence and into adulthood can have adverse effects. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies have established an association between cannabis use and adverse outcomes. We focus on adverse health effects of greatest potential public health interest-that is, those that are most likely to occur and to affect a large number of cannabis users. The most probable adverse effects include a dependence syndrome, increased risk of motor vehicle crashes, impaired respiratory function, cardiovascular disease, and adverse effects of regular use on adolescent psychosocial development and mental health.

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Central Nervous System; Dronabinol; Humans; Lung Diseases; Marijuana Abuse; Marijuana Smoking; Mental Disorders; Psychotropic Drugs; Young Adult

Marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance in the United States. Cardiovascular complications in association with marijuana use have been reported during the past three decades. In view of the elevated public interest in this drug's role in pharmacotherapy in the recent years and the aging population of long-term marijuana users from the late 1960s, encounters with marijuana-related cardiovascular adversities may be silently on the rise. The purpose of this article is to increase awareness of the potential of marijuana to lead to cardiovascular disease. Here, we will discuss the physiologic effects of marijuana and include a comprehensive review of the studies and case reports that provide supportive evidence for marijuana as a trigger of adverse cardiovascular events, including tachyarrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, vascular complications, and even congenital heart defects.

Topics: Adult; Angina Pectoris; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dronabinol; Female; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Paternal Exposure; Psychotropic Drugs; Tachycardia; Vasoconstriction

When admitted in an emergency unit, young patients often present acute neurological effects of smoked marijuana. Other chronic adverse effects of marijuana are probably underestimated: postural syncope, arteritis, chronic bronchitis, amnesia. Marijuana may trigger a myocardial infarction and have a vasospastic effect. Marijuana has impairing effects on driving ability. Smoked marijuana is a potential respiratory tract carcinogen.

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Adult; Automobile Driving; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Emergencies; Female; Health Education; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Marijuana Abuse; Marijuana Smoking; Odds Ratio; Risk; Risk Factors; Smoking; Stroke

Recent research has clarified a number of important questions concerning adverse effects of cannabis on health. A causal role of acute cannabis intoxication in motor vehicle and other accidents has now been shown by the presence of measurable levels of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the blood of injured drivers in the absence of alcohol or other drugs, by surveys of driving under the influence of cannabis, and by significantly higher accident culpability risk of drivers using cannabis. Chronic inflammatory and precancerous changes in the airways have been demonstrated in cannabis smokers, and the most recent case-control study shows an increased risk of airways cancer that is proportional to the amount of cannabis use. Several different studies indicate that the epidemiological link between cannabis use and schizophrenia probably represents a causal role of cannabis in precipitating the onset or relapse of schizophrenia. A weaker but significant link between cannabis and depression has been found in various cohort studies, but the nature of the link is not yet clear. A large body of evidence now demonstrates that cannabis dependence, both behavioral and physical, does occur in about 7-10% of regular users, and that early onset of use, and especially of weekly or daily use, is a strong predictor of future dependence. Cognitive impairments of various types are readily demonstrable during acute cannabis intoxication, but there is no suitable evidence yet available to permit a decision as to whether long-lasting or permanent functional losses can result from chronic heavy use in adults. However, a small but growing body of evidence indicates subtle but apparently permanent effects on memory, information processing, and executive functions, in the offspring of women who used cannabis during pregnancy. In total, the evidence indicates that regular heavy use of cannabis carries significant risks for the individual user and for the health care system.

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Automobile Driving; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cognition Disorders; Cohort Studies; Dronabinol; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Marijuana Abuse; Marijuana Smoking; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Psychomotor Performance; Public Health; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Risk; Schizophrenia

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amphetamines; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Cocaine; Drug Overdose; Female; Hallucinogens; Heroin; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Morphine; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Narcotics; Psilocybin; Substance-Related Disorders

Drug abuse and chemical dependency, although not unique to our time, surely have become "headline items" in America. The recognition that alcohol and tobacco use leads to addiction has caused us to look anew at various chemicals and their affects on the body. The heart, made up of muscle, vessels, and nerve tissue, is uniquely affected by individual chemicals. This article is a review of five of those substances and how they specifically affect the cardiovascular system.

Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Amphetamines; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Cocaine; Illicit Drugs; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders

Marijuana seems firmly established as another social drug in Western countries, regardless of its current legal status. Patterns of use vary widely. As with other social drugs, the pattern of use is critical in determining adverse effects on health. Perhaps the major area of concern about marijuana use is among the very young. Using any drug on a regular basis that alters reality may be detrimental to the psychosocial maturation of young persons. Chronic use of marijuana may stunt the emotional growth of youngsters. Evidence for an amotivational syndrome is largely based on clinical reports; whether marijuana use is a cause or effect is uncertain. A marijuana psychosis, long rumored, has been difficult to prove. No one doubts that marijuana use may aggravate existing psychoses or other severe emotional disorders. Brain damage has not been proved. Physical dependence is rarely encountered in the usual patterns of social use, despite some degree of tolerance that may develop. The endocrine effects of the drug might be expected to delay puberty in prepubertal boys, but actual instances have been rare. As with any material that is smoked, chronic smoking of marijuana will produce bronchitis; emphysema or lung cancer have not yet been documented. Cardiovascular effects of the drug are harmful to those with preexisting heart disease; fortunately the number of users with such conditions is minimal. Fears that the drug might accumulate in the body to the point of toxicity have been groundless. The potential deleterious effects of marijuana use on driving ability seem to be self-evident; proof of such impairment has been more difficult. The drug is probably harmful when taken during pregnancy, but the risk is uncertain. One would be prudent to avoid marijuana during pregnancy, just as one would do with most other drugs not essential to life or well-being. No clinical consequences have been noted from the effects of the drug on immune response, chromosomes, or cell metabolites. Contamination of marijuana by spraying with defoliants has created the clearest danger to health; such attempts to control production should be abandoned. Therapeutic uses for marijuana, THC, or cannabinoid homologs are being actively explored. Only the synthetic homolog, nabilone, has been approved for use to control nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antiemetics; Asthma; Automobile Driving; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromosome Aberrations; Drug Contamination; Drug Tolerance; Endocrine Glands; Eye Diseases; Female; Fetus; Glaucoma; Humans; Immunity; Lung Diseases; Mental Disorders; Pregnancy; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

The most effective way to control severity and mortality rate of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is through sensitive diagnostic approaches and an appropriate treatment protocol. We aimed to identify the effect of adding corticosteroid and Tocilizumab to a standard treatment protocol in treating COVID-19 patients with chronic disease through hematological and lab biomarkers.. This study was performed retrospectively on 68 COVID-19 patients with chronic disease who were treated by different therapeutic protocols. The patients were categorized into four groups: control group represented the patients' lab results at admission before treatment protocols were applied; group 1 included patients treated with anticoagulants, Hydroxychloroquine, and antibiotics; group 2 comprised patients treated with Dexamethasone; and group 3 included patients treated with Dexamethasone and Tocilizumab.. The study paves the way into the effectiveness of combining Dexamethasone with Tocilizumab in treatment COVID-19 patients with chronic diseases.. La forma más eficaz de controlar la gravedad y la tasa de mortalidad de la enfermedad del nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19) es mediante enfoques de diagnóstico sensibles y un protocolo de tratamiento adecuado. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar el efecto de agregar corticosteroides y tocilizumab a un protocolo de tratamiento estándar en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19 con enfermedad crónica a través de biomarcadores hematológicos y de laboratorio.. Este estudio se realizó de forma retrospectiva en 68 pacientes COVID-19 con enfermedad crónica que fueron tratados por diferentes protocolos terapéuticos. Los pacientes se clasificaron en cuatro grupos: el grupo de control representaba los resultados de laboratorio de los pacientes en el momento de la admisión antes de que se aplicaran los protocolos de tratamiento; el grupo 1 incluyó a pacientes tratados con anticoagulantes, hidroxicloroquina y antibióticos; el grupo 2 estaba compuesto por pacientes tratados con dexametasona; y el grupo 3 incluyó a pacientes tratados con dexametasona y tocilizumab.. El estudio allana el camino hacia la eficacia de la combinación de dexametasona con tocilizumab en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19 con enfermedades crónicas.. The Child-Mother Index constitutes a potential useful risk factor indicator for statistical analyses on data after birth. The value of the Child-Mother Index based on the estimated fetal weight before birth deserves evaluation.. Six ceria supports synthesized by various synthesis methodologies were used to deposit cobalt oxide. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized, and their catalytic activity for complete methane oxidation was studied. The supports synthesized by direct calcination and precipitation with ammonia exhibited the best textural and structural properties as well as the highest degree of oxidation. The remaining supports presented poorer textural properties to be employed as catalytic supports. The cobalt deposited over the first two supports presented a good dispersion at the external surface, which induced a significant redox effect that increased the number of Co. Some studies show that children with obesity are more likely to receive a diagnosis of depression, anxiety, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But this does not necessarily mean obesity causes these conditions. Depression, anxiety, or ADHD could cause obesity. A child's environment, including family income or their parents' mental health, could also affect a child's weight and mental health. Understanding the nature of these relationships could help scientists develop better interventions for both obesity and mental health conditions. Genetic studies may help scientists better understand the role of the environment in these conditions, but it's important to consider both the child's and their parents’ genetics in these analyses. This is because parents and children share not only genes, but also environmental conditions. For example, families that carry genetic variants associated with higher body weight might also have lower incomes, if parents have been affected by biases against heavier people in society and the workplace. Children in these families could have worse mental health because of effects of their parent’s weight, rather than their own weight. Looking at both child and adult genetics can help disentangle these processes. Hughes et al. show that a child's own body mass index, a ratio of weight and height, is not strongly associated with the child’s mental health symptoms. They analysed genetic, weight, and health survey data from about 41,000 8-year-old children and their parents. The results suggest that a child's own BMI does not have a large effect on their anxiety symptoms. There was also no clear evidence that a child's BMI affected their symptoms of depression or ADHD. These results contradict previous studies, which did not account for parental genetics. Hughes et al. suggest that, at least for eight-year-olds, factors linked with adult weight and which differ between families may be more critical to a child's mental health than a child’s own weight. For older children and adolescents, this may not be the case, and the individual’s own weight may be more important. As a result, policies designed to reduce obesity in mid-childhood are unlikely to greatly improve the mental health of children. On the other hand, policies targeting the environmental or societal factors contributing to higher body weights, bias against people with higher weights, and poor child mental health directly may be more beneficial.. The development of an efficient photocatalyst for C2 product formation from CO. Оценка антиастенического эффекта последовательной терапии левокарнитином (ЛК) и ацетилкарнитином (АЛК) пациентов с артериальной гипертензией и/или ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) с астеническим синдромом (АС).. В открытое сравнительное исследование были включены 120 пациентов в возрасте 54—67 лет с артериальной гипертензией и/или ИБС с АС. Пациенты 1-й группы (. У больных 1-й группы отмечено статистически значимое уменьшение различных проявлений АС. Отличия носили достоверный характер по сравнению как с исходным уровнем, так и со 2-й группой. Установлено эндотелийпротективное действие ЛК и АЛК.. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что у таких коморбидных пациентов использование ЛК и АЛК уменьшает выраженность проявлений АС, а установленные эндотелиотропные свойства препаратов позволяют рекомендовать их в составе комплексной персонифицированной терапии пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями.. Naproxen sodium 440 mg/diphenhydramine 50 mg combination demonstrated improvement in sleep maintenance (WASO) vs. naproxen sodium 550 mg and higher efficiency in average daily pain reduction compared with the comparison groups. The treatment was well tolerated There were no serious or unexpected adverse events reported in the study.. Сравнительный анализ эффективности и безопасности новой комбинации напроксена натрия и дифенгидрамина у пациентов с неспецифическим болевым синдромом в пояснично-крестцовом отделе спины (M54.5 «Боль внизу спины») и нарушением сна (G47.0 «Нарушения засыпания и поддержания сна [бессонница]»).. Проведено проспективное многоцентровое рандомизированное открытое сравнительное в параллельных группах клиническое исследование. Пациенты были рандомизированы в 3 группы. Больные 1-й группы получали напроксен натрия (440 мг) и дифенгидрамин (50 мг), 2-й — напроксен натрия (550 мг), 3-й — парацетамол (1000 мг) и дифенгидрамин (50 мг). Исследуемые препараты пациенты принимали однократно перед сном в течение 3 дней. Все пациенты также принимали 275 мг (1 таблетка) напроксена натрия в качестве препарата фоновой терапии. Первичным критерием эффективности было общее время бодрствования после наступления сна (WASO), измеряемое методом актиграфии. Также использовались критерии оценки продолжительности и качества сна и выраженности боли.. Анализ эффективности проведен для ITT популяции (. Применение комбинации напроксена натрия (440 мг) и дифенгидрамина (50 мг) характеризовалось более выраженным поддержанием сна по сравнению с напроксеном натрия 550 мг и более высокой эффективностью в отношении снижения интенсивности боли по сравнению со 2-й и 3-й группами. Отмечена хорошая переносимость препарата, серьезных нежелательных явлений зарегистрировано не было.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcarnitine; Acetylcholinesterase; Acids; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Alzheimer Disease; Amikacin; Ammonia; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Anorexia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Anxiety; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Asthenia; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Bacterial Proteins; Beryllium; beta-Lactamases; Biofuels; Biomass; Biosensing Techniques; Bismuth; Blister; Body Mass Index; Body Surface Area; Boronic Acids; Brain; Breast Neoplasms; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cannabis; Carbapenems; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Carboxylic Acids; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Child; China; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clarithromycin; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cohort Studies; Colistin; Colitis; Colon; Coloring Agents; Coronary Artery Bypass; Creatinine; Crystalloid Solutions; Cytokines; Depression; Dextran Sulfate; Dextrans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diarrhea; Dietary Supplements; Diphenhydramine; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Outbreaks; Double-Blind Method; Doxorubicin; Drosophila; Drug Tapering; Dysbiosis; Electrons; Escherichia coli; Extracellular Vesicles; Fatigue; Female; Fermentation; gamma-Cyclodextrins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose; Graft Survival; Graft vs Host Disease; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Heart Arrest, Induced; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; High-Intensity Interval Training; Hippocampus; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypertension; Incidence; Interferon-gamma; Italy; Kinetics; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Lactoferrin; Larva; Length of Stay; Lignin; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Transplantation; Living Donors; Low Back Pain; Lung; Lung Volume Measurements; Macrophages; Male; Melphalan; Men; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Meropenem; Methane; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mitochondrial Proteins; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Mothers; Motivation; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma hominis; Mycoplasma Infections; NAD; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Nanotubes, Carbon; Naproxen; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neurons; Nitrates; Nucleolin; Opuntia; Paratyphoid Fever; Phenotype; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Resveratrol; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Risk Factors; RNA, Messenger; Selenium; Sleep; Social Behavior; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Staphylococcus aureus; Structure-Activity Relationship; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Superoxide Dismutase-1; Surveys and Questionnaires; Swimming; Syndrome; Tannins; Temperature; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Transplantation Conditioning; Treatment Outcome; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Troponin T; Tumor Microenvironment; United Kingdom; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Urinary Tract Infections; Viscum; Waste Disposal Facilities; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Wolfiporia; Young Adult

The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression among health professionals in the three most affected regions in Cameroon.. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional type. Participants were health care professionals working in the three chosen regions of Cameroon. The non_probability convinient sample technique and that of the snowball were valued via a web questionnaire. The non-exhaustive sample size was 292. The diagnosis of anxiety and depression was made by the HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale).. Les auteurs rapportent que le secteur médical est classé à un plus grand risque de contracter le COVID-19 et de le propager potentiellement à d’autres. Le nombre sans cesse croissant de cas confirmés et suspects, la pression dans les soins, l’épuisement des équipements de protection individuelle et le manque de médicaments spécifiques peuvent contribuer à un vécu anxio-dépressif significatif. La présente étude s’est donnée pour ambition d’évaluer la prévalence des symptômes de l’anxiété et de la dépression chez les professionnels de santé dans les trois Régions les plus concernées au Cameroun.. Le choix des trois Régions du Cameroun se justifie non seulement par le fait qu’elles totalisent 95,8 % des cas de coronavirus au pays depuis le début de la pandémie, mais aussi parce qu’elles disposent de plus de la moitié des personnels de santé (56 %). Il s’agit d’une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique. Les participants sont des professionnels de la santé en service dans les Régions du Centre, Littoral et de l’Ouest du Cameroun. La méthode d’échantillonnage non probabiliste de convenance couplée à celle de boule de neige via un web questionnaire a été adoptée. La collecte des données a duré du 5 au 19 avril 2020, intervalle de temps après lequel on n’avait plus eu de répondants. À la fin de cette période, la taille de l’échantillon non exhaustive était de 292 professionnels. Le diagnostic de l’état anxio-dépressive était posé via l’échelle de HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale). Dans le HAD, chaque réponse cotée évalue de manière semi-quantitative l’intensité du symptôme au cours de la semaine écoulée. Un score total est obtenu ainsi que des scores aux deux sous-échelles : le score maximal est de 42 pour l’échelle globale et de 21 pour chacune des sous-échelles. Le coefficient alpha de Cronbach est de 0,70 pour la dépression et de 0,74 pour l’anxiété. Certains auteurs après plusieurs travaux ont proposé qu’une note inférieure ou égale à 7 indique une absence d’anxiété ou de dépression ; celle comprise entre 8 et 10 suggère une anxiété ou une dépression faible à bénigne ; entre 11 et 14, pour une anxiété ou une dépression modérée ; enfin, une note comprise entre 15 et 21 est révélatrice d’une anxiété sévère. Le logiciel Excel 2013 et Epi Info version 7.2.2.6 ont été utilisés pour les traitements statistiques. Les liens entre les variables ont été considérées significatifs pour une valeur de. L’amélioration des conditions de travail et notamment la fourniture d’équipement de protection, la mise en place des cellules spéciales d’écoute pour le personnel de santé pourraient être proposées.. Taken together with satisfactory selectivity index (SI) values, the acetone and methanol extracts of. During a mean follow-up period of 25.6 ± 13.9 months, 38 (18.4%) VAs and 78 (37.7%) end-stage events occurred. Big ET-1 was positively correlated with NYHA class (. In primary prevention ICD indication patients, plasma big ET-1 levels can predict VAs and end-stage events and may facilitate ICD-implantation risk stratification.. Beyond age, cognitive impairment was associated with prior MI/stroke, higher hsCRP, statin use, less education, lower eGFR, BMI and LVEF.. These data demonstrate that even a short period of detraining is harmful for elderly women who regularly participate in a program of strength training, since it impairs physical performance, insulin sensitivity and cholesterol metabolism.. Exposure to PM. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is reduced after PVI in patients with paroxysmal AF. Our findings suggest that this is related to a decrease in cardiac vagal tone. Whether and how this affects the clinical outcome including exercise capacity need to be determined.. BDNF and leptin were not associated with weight. We found that miR-214-5p exerted a protective role in I/R injured cardiac cells by direct targeting FASLG. The results indicated that the MGO injection reduced all CCl. The hepatoprotective effects of MGO might be due to histopathological suppression and inflammation inhibition in the liver.. OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by. PF trajectories were mainly related to income, pregestational BMI, birth weight, hospitalisation due to respiratory diseases in childhood, participant's BMI, report of wheezing, medical diagnosis and family history of asthma, gestational exposure to tobacco and current smoking status in adolescence and young adult age.. In chronic pain patients on opioids, administration of certain benzodiazepine sedatives induced a mild respiratory depression but paradoxically reduced sleep apnoea risk and severity by increasing the respiratory arousal threshold.. Quantitative measurements of sensory disturbances using the PainVision. The serum level of 20S-proteasome may be a useful marker for disease activity in AAV.. The electrophysiological data and MD simulations collectively suggest a crucial role of the interactions between the HA helix and S4-S5 linker in the apparent Ca. Invited for the cover of this issue are Vanesa Fernández-Moreira, Nils Metzler-Nolte, M. Concepción Gimeno and co-workers at Universidad de Zaragoza and Ruhr-Universität Bochum. The image depicts the reported bimetallic bioconjugates as planes directing the gold fragment towards the target (lysosomes). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202002067.. The optimal CRT pacing configuration changes during dobutamine infusion while LV and RV activation timing does not. Further studies investigating the usefulness of automated dynamic changes to CRT pacing configuration according to physiologic condition may be warranted.

Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acrylic Resins; Actinobacillus; Acute Disease; Acute Kidney Injury; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Advance Care Planning; Africa, Northern; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Albendazole; Aluminum Oxide; Anastomosis, Surgical; Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Androstadienes; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Angiotensin II; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Bispecific; Antibodies, Viral; Anticoagulants; Antihypertensive Agents; Antinematodal Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Antiporters; Antiviral Agents; Apoptosis; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Aromatase Inhibitors; Asian People; Astrocytes; Atrial Fibrillation; Auditory Threshold; Aurora Kinase B; Australia; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Protein 5; Autotrophic Processes; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacterial Proteins; Beclin-1; Belgium; Benzene; Benzene Derivatives; Benzhydryl Compounds; beta Catenin; beta-Arrestin 2; Biliary Tract Diseases; Biofilms; Biofuels; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biomass; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bioreactors; Biosensing Techniques; Biosynthetic Pathways; Bismuth; Blood Platelets; Bone and Bones; Bone Regeneration; Bortezomib; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchodilator Agents; Calcium Phosphates; Cannabis; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices; Cardiomyopathies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cariostatic Agents; Case Managers; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Cation Transport Proteins; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cecropia Plant; Cell Adhesion; Cell Count; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Self Renewal; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellular Reprogramming; Cellulose; Charcoal; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chemical Phenomena; Chemokines; Chemoradiotherapy; Chemoreceptor Cells; Child; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; China; Chlorogenic Acid; Chloroquine; Chromatography, Gas; Chronic Disease; Clinical Competence; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Cochlea; Cohort Studies; Color; Comorbidity; Computer Simulation; Computer-Aided Design; Contraception; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Contrast Media; COP-Coated Vesicles; Coronavirus Infections; Cost of Illness; Coturnix; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Culex; Curriculum; Cyclic N-Oxides; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Cytotoxins; Databases, Factual; Deep Learning; Delivery, Obstetric; Denitrification; Dental Caries; Denture, Complete; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dielectric Spectroscopy; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fiber; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; DNA; DNA Copy Number Variations; DNA, Mitochondrial; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Dopaminergic Neurons; Double-Blind Method; Down-Regulation; Doxorubicin; Drug Carriers; Drug Design; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dry Powder Inhalers; Dust; E2F1 Transcription Factor; Ecosystem; Education, Nursing; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; Electric Impedance; Electricity; Electrocardiography; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Endothelial Cells; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epithelial Cells; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Europe; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; Exosomes; Feasibility Studies; Female; Ferricyanides; Ferrocyanides; Fibrinogen; Finite Element Analysis; Fistula; Fluorescent Dyes; Fluorides, Topical; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Fluticasone; Follow-Up Studies; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Foods, Specialized; Forensic Medicine; Frail Elderly; France; Free Radicals; Fresh Water; Fungi; Fungicides, Industrial; Galactosamine; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Gingival Hemorrhage; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental; Glucose; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; Glucosides; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Gold; GPI-Linked Proteins; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Graphite; Haplotypes; HCT116 Cells; Healthy Volunteers; Hearing Loss; Heart Failure; Hedgehog Proteins; HEK293 Cells; HeLa Cells; Hemodynamics; Hemorrhage; Hepatocytes; Hippo Signaling Pathway; Histone Deacetylases; Homeostasis; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Humans; Hydantoins; Hydrazines; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Hydroxylamines; Hypoglycemic Agents; Immunity, Innate; Immunoglobulin G; Immunohistochemistry; Immunologic Factors; Immunomodulation; Immunophenotyping; Immunotherapy; Incidence; Indazoles; Indonesia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Injections, Intramuscular; Insecticides; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Insurance, Health; Intention to Treat Analysis; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases; Interleukin-6; Intrauterine Devices; Intrauterine Devices, Copper; Iron; Ischemia; Jordan; Keratinocytes; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kir5.1 Channel; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Laparoscopy; Lasers; Lasers, Semiconductor; Lenalidomide; Leptin; Lethal Dose 50; Levonorgestrel; Limit of Detection; Lipid Metabolism; Lipid Metabolism Disorders; Lipogenesis; Lipopolysaccharides; Liquid Biopsy; Liver; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Longevity; Lung Neoplasms; Luteolin; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocyte Activation; Macaca fascicularis; Macrophages; Mad2 Proteins; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mammary Glands, Human; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Materials Testing; Maternal Health Services; MCF-7 Cells; Medicaid; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Melanoma; Membrane Proteins; Mental Health; Mercury; Metal Nanoparticles; Metals, Heavy; Metformin; Methionine Adenosyltransferase; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Nude; Microalgae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microglia; MicroRNAs; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Proteins; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Models, Anatomic; Molecular Structure; Molybdenum; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; Moths; MPTP Poisoning; Multigene Family; Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multiple Myeloma; Muscle, Skeletal; Mutagens; Mutation; Myeloid Cells; Nanocomposites; Nanofibers; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Nanowires; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neomycin; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Neostriatum; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Netherlands; Neuromuscular Agents; Neurons; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Nickel; Nitrogen Oxides; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Nucleosides; Nucleotidyltransferases; Nutritional Status; Obesity, Morbid; Ofloxacin; Oils, Volatile; Oligopeptides; Oncogene Protein v-akt; Optical Imaging; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Organophosphonates; Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthritis, Hip; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Oxides; Oxygen Isotopes; Pancreas; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Pandemics; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Compliance; PC-3 Cells; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Peroxides; Peru; Pest Control, Biological; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phylogeny; Pilot Projects; Piperidines; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plasmids; Platelet Function Tests; Pneumonia, Viral; Podocytes; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Polyethylene Terephthalates; Polymers; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Porosity; Portugal; Positron-Emission Tomography; Postoperative Complications; Postural Balance; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Povidone; Powders; Precancerous Conditions; Precision Medicine; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Prognosis; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Prospective Studies; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Proteasome Inhibitors; Protective Agents; Protein Binding; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Protein Transport; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Psychiatric Nursing; PTEN Phosphohydrolase; Pulmonary Embolism; Pyrimethamine; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, ErbB-2; Receptor, IGF Type 1; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Recombinational DNA Repair; Recovery of Function; Regional Blood Flow; Renal Dialysis; Renin; Renin-Angiotensin System; Reperfusion Injury; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Retrospective Studies; Rhodamines; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; RNA, Long Noncoding; RNA, Messenger; Running; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Salinity; Salmeterol Xinafoate; Sarcoma; Seasons; Shoulder Injuries; Signal Transduction; Silicon Dioxide; Silver; Sirtuin 1; Sirtuins; Skull Fractures; Social Determinants of Health; Sodium; Sodium Fluoride; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Spain; Spectrophotometry; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Staphylococcal Protein A; Staphylococcus aureus; Stem Cells; Stereoisomerism; Stomach Neoplasms; Streptomyces; Strontium; Structure-Activity Relationship; Students, Nursing; Substance-Related Disorders; Succinic Acid; Sulfur; Surface Properties; Survival Rate; Survivin; Symporters; T-Lymphocytes; Temozolomide; Tensile Strength; Thiazoles; Thiobacillus; Thiohydantoins; Thiourea; Thrombectomy; Time Factors; Titanium; Tobacco Mosaic Virus; Tobacco Use Disorder; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Toluene; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Toxicity Tests, Subacute; Transcriptional Activation; Treatment Outcome; Troponin I; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Tumor Escape; Tumor Hypoxia; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tyrosine; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Ubiquitination; Ultrasonic Waves; United Kingdom; United States; United States Department of Veterans Affairs; Up-Regulation; Urea; Uric Acid; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic; Urine; Urodynamics; User-Computer Interface; Vemurafenib; Verbenaceae; Veterans; Veterans Health; Viral Load; Virtual Reality; Vitiligo; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Wildfires; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; X-Ray Diffraction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Xylenes; Young Adult; Zinc; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Sulfate; Zoonoses

The impact of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the n-6 and n-3 series on the cardiovascular system is well documented. To directly compare the effects of three dietary oils (fish, flaxseed and hempseed) given in concentrations expected to be self-administered in the general population on specific cardiovascular parameters in healthy volunteers.. 86 healthy male and female volunteers completed a 12 week double blinded, placebo controlled, clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. Subjects were orally supplemented with two 1 gm capsules of placebo, fish oil, flaxseed oil or hempseed oil per day for 12 weeks.. Plasma levels of the n-3 fatty acids docosahexanoic acid and eicosapentanoic acid increased after 3 months supplementation with fish oil. Alpha linolenic acid concentrations increased transiently after flaxseed supplementation. However, supplementation with hempseed oil did not significantly alter the concentration of any plasma fatty acid. The lipid parameters (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG) did not show any significant differences among the four groups. Oxidative modification of LDL showed no increase in lag time over the 12 wk period. None of the dietary interventions induced any significant change in collagen or thrombin stimulated platelet aggregation and no increase in the level of inflammatory markers was observed.. From a consumer's perspective, ingesting 2 capsules of any of these oils in an attempt to achieve cardiovascular health benefits may not provide the desired or expected result over a 3 month period.

Topics: Adult; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Acids; Female; Fish Oils; Humans; Linseed Oil; Lipid Metabolism; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Plant Oils; Platelet Aggregation; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides

The association between cardiovascular (CV) risk and cannabis use remains inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to examine sex stratified associations of the different lifetime aspects of cannabis use and estimated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk levels among the general UK Biobank population.. Among 104,092 volunteers of the UK Biobank population, cannabis use status was assessed by questionnaire and range as heavy, moderate, low, and never users. Associations between cannabis use and ASCVD risk were estimated using multiple regressions.. Males presented a higher estimated 10-year ASCVD risk compared to females (7.96% vs. 2.24%, p < 0.001) and a higher proportion of heavy lifetime cannabis users (4.00% vs 2.01%, p < 0.001). In all covariate adjusted models, lifetime heavy cannabis use was associated with an increase in estimated 10-year ASCVD risk in both males and females, but with a higher effect among males (in males, B = 0.51 (0.34; 068), in females, B = 0.14 (0.05; 0.23)). When considering high estimated 10-year ASCVD risk (superior to 7.5%), similar results were observed, in males, OR=2.14 [1.82-2.51] and in females: OR=2.07 [1.35-3.17]). The current consumption of cannabis was associated with increased ASCVD risk in both males and females (p < 0.001). When considering the overall population, a significant interaction was observed between sex and cannabis use (p < 0.001).. A positive association between estimated 10-year ASCVD risk and heavy lifetime cannabis use was observed but this was higher in males. Longitudinal studies are needed in general populations to highlight the causal effects of cannabis on the atherosclerosis process.

Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors

Cannabis products have been becoming more widely accepted as a recreational drug and for medicinal purposes to aid in various ailments. This paper reports a death after acute ingestion of an edible cannabis brownie. The 65-year-old female decedent with a history of chronic pain ingested an edible cannabis brownie after other alternative edibles and prescribed medication produced no desired effects. After consuming the cannabis product with her husband, both began feeling high and nauseated. The decedent was last seen alive stopped part way up the stairs by her husband prior to him going to sleep. She was found expired at the base of the stairs the following morning with no apparent trauma. The autopsy concluded the decedent was obese with severe ischemic cardiovascular disease. The toxicology report detected delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol present at >5,000 ng/mL in the decedent's central blood at the time of sample collection. The final cause of death was ruled as natural due to cardiovascular disease with cannabis present in her system.

Topics: Aged; Analgesics; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Hallucinogens; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male

Resting heart rate can predict cardiovascular disease. Heart rate increases with tobacco smoking, but its association with cannabis use is unclear. We studied the association between current and cumulative cannabis use and heart rate.. We used data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, a large prospective cohort of 5115 Black and white women and men followed over 30 years. We explored the association between cannabis exposure and heart rate, adjusted for demographic factors, cardiovascular risk factors, alcohol and other illicit drug use, physical activity, and beta-blockers, in mixed longitudinal models censoring participants with cardiovascular disease.. CARDIA participants contributed to 35,654 individual examinations over 30 years. At the Year 30 examination, 471 out of 3269 (14%) currently used cannabis. In multivariable adjusted models, compared to no current use, using cannabis 5 times per month was associated with lower heart rate of -0.7 beats per minute (95% confidence interval: -1.0 to -0.3), and daily use with lower heart rate of -2.1 beats per minute (95% confidence interval: -3.0 to -1.3, overall P < .001). Cumulative exposure to cannabis use was not associated with heart rate.. Recent current cannabis use was associated with lower resting heart rate. The findings appeared to be transient because past cumulative exposure to cannabis was not associated with heart rate. This adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting a lack of deleterious association of cannabis use at a level typical of the general population on surrogate outcomes of cardiovascular disease.

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Coronary Vessels; Female; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Young Adult

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases

The pandemic caused by Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been a great concern for public and mental health systems worldwide. The identification of risk groups is essential for the establishment of preventive and therapeutic strategies, as for substance users. During COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the use of psychoactive substances during the lockdown, including cannabis. This commentary reviews relevant findings and discusses scientific evidence on the risks of worse clinical and psychiatric complications due to coronavirus disease COVID-19 in subjects who use cannabis. Although they are not included as a risk group in the health recommendations for that disease, they may have a more vulnerable respiratory system to viral diseases. There are certain similarities between the harmful cardiovascular and respiratory effects of cannabis use and those of smoking. Due to the different modes of smoking, cannabis chemicals are retained in the body for longe and may also contain other toxic substances such as tar, a substance found in tobacco and which has been associated with the development of lung cancer, bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. Therefore, we discuss if individuals who use cannabis regularly might be more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. This population deserves more clinical attention worldwide and this manuscript can help clinicians become more aware of cannabis risks during pandemics and develop specific intervention strategies.

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; COVID-19; Heart Rate; Humans; Marijuana Smoking

Hypercholesterolemia (HC) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) diseases, that are the major cause of mortality worldwide. Free radicals mediated oxidative stress is a critical player in HC-associated pathophysiological insults including atherosclerosis. Unwanted side effects associated with statins, COX-2 inhibitors, and other synthetic drugs limit their use. Thus, modulation of oxidative stress during HC using green pharmaceuticals seems an appropriate approach against deleterious CV consequences without noticeable side-effect. In this regard, owing to an abundance of proteins, fiber and optimal ratios of omega 6 PUFA: omega-3 PUFA in Hempseed (HS), we aim to exploit its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties to ameliorate HC- associated CV effects.. Comparing the antioxidant capacity of protein and lipid fractions of HS using ABTS and DPPH assays, HS was supplemented to high-fat diets (HFD) induced hypercholesterolemic wistar rats. After treatment schedules, lipid profiles, histological and ultrastructural investigations, gene and protein expressions of inflammatory markers, markers of oxidative stress were studied and correlated with biophysical parameters such as ECG and impedance/conductance across the aorta. HS demonstrating in vitro free radical scavenging activity, ameliorated the signs of HC as seen with improved lipid profiles, aortic tissue damage and ECG patterns compared to HFD groups. HS administration also relieved the COX-2 mediated inflammation, which correlated well with the improved redox status in the tissue.. Current study evidently demonstrates that the anti-hypercholesterolemic effects of HS are mediated through redox-sensitive modulation of inflammatory pathways.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticholesteremic Agents; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Disease Models, Animal; Heart Rate; Hypercholesterolemia; Inflammation Mediators; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Rats, Wistar; Seeds

Understanding the potential impact of cannabis use on cardiovascular health is increasingly important as cannabis use rises in the U.S. Objectives: This study evaluated the associations between regular cannabis use, with and without tobacco co-use, and cardiovascular outcomes.. Analysis of a limited dataset obtained through IBM Watson Health Explorys, a platform integrating electronic health record data. Matched controls using Mahalanobis distance within propensity score calipers were defined for: 1) cannabis-using patients (n = 8,944; 43% female); and subgroups of cannabis-using patients: 2) with an encounter diagnosis for tobacco use disorder (TUD; n = 4,682); and 3) without a TUD diagnosis (non-TUD; n = 4,262). Patients had ≥1 blood pressure measurement and blood chemistry lab result in the MetroHealth System (Cleveland, Ohio). Cannabis-using patients had an encounter diagnosis of cannabis abuse/dependence and/or ≥2 cannabis-positive urine drug screens. Control patients, with no cannabis-use-documentation, were matched to the cannabis-using patients on demographics, residential zip code median income, body mass index, and, for the total sample, TUD-status. Outcomes were encounter diagnosis (yes/no) of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), heart arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and all-cause mortality.. TUD-patients had the greatest prevalence of cardiovascular disease, regardless of cannabis-use indication. In the total sample and non-TUD subgroup, regular cannabis use was significantly associated with greater risk for CVA, arrhythmia, SAH, and mortality. In the TUD subgroup, regular cannabis use was significantly associated with greater risk for arrhythmia and SAH.. Cannabis use is associated with significantly greater risk of adverse cardiovascular diagnoses and overall death, particularly in non-tobacco users.

Topics: Adult; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Electronic Health Records; Female; Humans; Male; Marijuana Abuse; Marijuana Smoking; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Ohio; Prevalence; Tobacco Use; Tobacco Use Disorder

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anxiety; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dronabinol; Drug Labeling; Drug Packaging; Humans; Marijuana Use; Psychoses, Substance-Induced

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Depression; Humans

Cannabis use is increasing in women of reproductive age, but whether cannabis use disorders increase the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in this population is not known. Cannabis may cause tachycardia, hypertension, cerebral vasoconstriction, and other adverse cardiovascular effects and has been associated with acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Data on the long-term effects of cannabis on the cardiovascular system are more limited. We assessed the relationship between cannabis use disorders early in life and the future risk of cardiovascular disease in women.. We analyzed a longitudinal cohort of 1,247,035 pregnant women in Quebec, Canada, between 1989 and 2019. The main exposure was current or past history of cannabis use disorders at cohort entry. The main outcome measure included future hospital admission for any cardiovascular disorder during 18,998,986 person years of follow-up. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for patient characteristics to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of cannabis use disorder with the later risk of cardiovascular hospitalization.. Women with cannabis use disorders had a higher incidence of cardiovascular hospitalization than unexposed women (58.4 vs. 33.6 per 10,000 person years). Cannabis use disorder was associated with 1.48 times the risk of cardiovascular hospitalization (95% CI 1.27-1.72), compared with no cannabis use disorder. The association was greater for cannabis with concomitant use of other substances (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.53-2.21) than for cannabis alone (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.99-1.72). Cannabis use disorder was strongly associated with hemorrhagic stroke, even with adjustment for other substance use (HR 2.08, CI 1.07-4.05).. Cannabis use disorders may increase the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in women, particularly hemorrhagic stroke. However, some of the excess risk may be due to concomitant use of other substances.

Topics: Adult; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Incidence; Longitudinal Studies; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Substance-Related Disorders

Cannabis is frequently used and increasingly legalized in the U.S., and 27.7 million Americans aged ≥12 years are currently using cannabis. However, the public health effects of cannabis use in the general population remain unclear. This study examines the associations of cannabis use with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in U.S. adults.. The study included 14,818 adults (aged 20-59 years) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2014 and were free of cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline. Survey participants were linked to mortality records through December 31, 2015. The outcomes included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and cancer mortality. All statistical analyses were conducted in 2019.. During 86,453 person-years of observation, 304 deaths occurred, including 39 deaths from cardiovascular disease and 79 deaths from cancer. After adjustment for a variety of potential confounders, the hazard ratios for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and cancer mortality among cannabis ever users, compared with the ratios among nonusers, were 1.14 (95% CI=0.81, 1.59), 2.29 (95% CI=1.10, 4.78), and 0.67 (95% CI=0.40, 1.14), respectively. The hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease mortality among cannabis users, compared with those among nonusers, were 1.65 (95% CI=0.57, 4.89) if the use was first initiated at age ≥18 years and 3.00 (95% CI=1.41, 6.38) if the use was first initiated before age 18 years.. Cannabis use was significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality among U.S. adults, especially among those who started using cannabis before age 18 years. The reasons and mechanisms underlying this association will require future research.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Humans; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Proportional Hazards Models; United States

Knowledge of the acute cardiovascular effects of cannabis consumption remains largely unknown and is important given the changing landscape of legalization of recreational cannabis use. "4/20" is an annual event where many individuals gather to consume cannabis. An increased risk of adverse health events such as motor vehicle accidents has previously been reported to occur on "4/20." In this study, population-based administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, were used to evaluate the association between "4/20" and cardiovascular events. An increased risk of cardiovascular events on a population level was not observed on "4/20." Additional research into the changes in the prevalence of the use of cannabis with recreational legalization and acute and chronic risk with cannabis use is suggested.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Marijuana Smoking; Middle Aged; Ontario; Population Surveillance; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Young Adult

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Marijuana Smoking; Patient Education as Topic; Physician-Patient Relations

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Risk Factors

Cannabis (medical marijuana) is generally considered a low toxicity drug. The plant belongs to the family Cannabaceae (Urticales). Two main species may be recognized: Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica. Plants of this species contain many psychoactive components, the cannabinoids, including the primary psychoactive compound Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active substance present in Marijuana. The history of its cultivation and use dates back thousands of years. A possible first documented use for medical purposes of this drug is found in Chinese records dated from 28th century BC. Moreover, the presence of THC has been detected in several internal organs from an Egyptian mummy with a

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans

Little is known about the relative harms of edible and inhalable cannabis products.. To describe and compare adult emergency department (ED) visits related to edible and inhaled cannabis exposure.. Chart review of ED visits between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2016.. A large urban academic hospital in Colorado.. Adults with ED visits with a cannabis-related International Classification of Diseases, Ninth or 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM), code.. Patient demographic characteristics, route of exposure, dose, symptoms, length of stay, disposition, discharge diagnoses, and attribution of visit to cannabis.. There were 9973 visits with an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM code for cannabis use. Of these, 2567 (25.7%) visits were at least partially attributable to cannabis, and 238 of those (9.3%) were related to edible cannabis. Visits attributable to inhaled cannabis were more likely to be for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (18.0% vs. 8.4%), and visits attributable to edible cannabis were more likely to be due to acute psychiatric symptoms (18.0% vs. 10.9%), intoxication (48% vs. 28%), and cardiovascular symptoms (8.0% vs. 3.1%). Edible products accounted for 10.7% of cannabis-attributable visits between 2014 and 2016 but represented only 0.32% of total cannabis sales in Colorado (in kilograms of tetrahydrocannabinol) during that period.. Retrospective study design, single academic center, self-reported exposure data, and limited availability of dose data.. Visits attributable to inhaled cannabis are more frequent than those attributable to edible cannabis, although the latter is associated with more acute psychiatric visits and more ED visits than expected.. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Colorado; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Male; Marijuana Smoking; Middle Aged; Plants, Edible; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Retrospective Studies; Vomiting

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Marijuana Smoking; Morbidity; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; United States; Young Adult

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans

In the general population cannabis use is associated with better cardiometabolic outcomes. Patients with severe mental illness frequently use cannabis, but also present increased cardiometabolic risk factors. We explore the association between cannabis use and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with severe mental illness.. A total of 3169 patients with severe mental illness from a Dutch cohort were included in the study. The association of cannabis use with body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, glycated hemoglobin and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was examined with separate univariate AN(C)OVA. Changes in metabolic risk factors and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were examined after a follow-up interval of 9-24 months, for patients who continued, discontinued, started or were never using cannabis between the two assessments.. Cannabis users at baseline had lower body mass index, smaller waist circumference, lower diastolic blood pressure, and more severe psychotic symptoms than non-users. Patients who discontinued their cannabis use after the first assessment had a greater increase in body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure and triglyceride concentrations than other patients, and the severity of their psychotic symptoms had decreased more compared to continued users and non-users.. Extra attention should be paid to the monitoring and treatment of metabolic parameters in patients who discontinue their cannabis use.

Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Marijuana Abuse; Marijuana Smoking; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Psychotic Disorders; Risk Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Waist Circumference

Many reports exist of the cardiovascular toxicity of smoked cannabis but none of arterial stiffness measures or vascular age (VA). In view of its diverse toxicology, the possibility that cannabis-exposed patients may be ageing more quickly requires investigation.. Cross-sectional and longitudinal, observational. Prospective.. Single primary care addiction clinic in Brisbane, Australia.. 11 cannabis-only smokers, 504 tobacco-only smokers, 114 tobacco and cannabis smokers and 534 non-smokers.. known cardiovascular disease or therapy or acute exposure to alcohol, amphetamine, heroin or methadone.. Radial arterial pulse wave tonometry (AtCor, SphygmoCor, Sydney) performed opportunistically and sequentially on patients between 2006 and 2011.. Algorithmically calculated VA.. other central haemodynamic variables.. Differences between group chronological ages (CA, 30.47±0.48 to 40.36±2.44, mean±SEM) were controlled with linear regression. Between-group sex differences were controlled by single-sex analysis. Mean cannabis exposure among patients was 37.67±7.16 g-years. In regression models controlling for CA, Body Mass Index (BMI), time and inhalant group, the effect of cannabis use on VA was significant in males (p=0.0156) and females (p=0.0084). The effect size in males was 11.84%. A dose-response relationship was demonstrated with lifetime exposure (p<0.002) additional to that of tobacco and opioids. In both sexes, the effect of cannabis was robust to adjustment and was unrelated to its acute effects. Significant power interactions between cannabis exposure and the square and cube of CA were demonstrated (from p<0.002).. Cannabis is an interactive cardiovascular risk factor (additional to tobacco and opioids), shows a prominent dose-response effect and is robust to adjustment. Cannabis use is associated with an acceleration of the cardiovascular age, which is a powerful surrogate for the organismal-biological age. This likely underlies and bi-directionally interacts with its diverse toxicological profile and is of considerable public health and regulatory importance.

Topics: Adult; Aging; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Pulse Wave Analysis; Radial Artery; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Vascular Stiffness

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Marijuana Smoking

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Marijuana Smoking

Hempseed is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which have potential as therapeutic compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of hempseed meal (HSM) intake on the animal models of these diseases has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we assessed the effects of the intake of HSM and PUFAs on oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and neurological phenotypes, and cholesterol uptake, using Drosophila models. HSM intake was shown to reduce H(2)O(2) toxicity markedly, indicating that HSM exerts a profound antioxidant effect. Meanwhile, intake of HSM, as well as linoleic or linolenic acids (major PUFA components of HSM) was shown to ameliorate Aβ42-induced eye degeneration, thus suggesting that these compounds exert a protective effect against Aβ42 cytotoxicity. On the contrary, locomotion and longevity in the Parkinson's disease model and eye degeneration in the Huntington's disease model were unaffected by HSM feeding. Additionally, intake of HSM or linoleic acid was shown to reduce cholesterol uptake significantly. Moreover, linoleic acid intake has been shown to delay pupariation, and cholesterol feeding rescued the linoleic acid-induced larval growth delay, thereby indicating that linoleic acid acts antagonistically with cholesterol during larval growth. In conclusion, our results indicate that HSM and linoleic acid exert inhibitory effects on both Aβ42 cytotoxicity and cholesterol uptake, and are potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease.

Topics: alpha-Linolenic Acid; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Antioxidants; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Compound Eye, Arthropod; Drosophila melanogaster; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hypercholesterolemia; Linoleic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Motor Activity; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Peptide Fragments; Seeds

Topics: Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Treatment Outcome

Cannabis is not a harmless drug. The potential dangers of cannabis are briefly reviewed in this report. The above-mentioned observations on cannabis users should be kept in mind and carefully examined by all physicians. One could expect that as more potent cannabis preparations become available, some of the toxic manifestations which now seem rare might become more frequent. Some of the remarks about the dangers of cannabis may not be proved in future studies, and they may represent only our anxiety. However, prior to the elimination of these fears, no steps should be taken toward the legalizing of marijuana. At present there is no scientific evidence that cannabis is less harmful than either tobacco or alcohol. The opposite may be true. The analogy can be drawn between opium and cannabis. The permissive attitude toward the use of opium can easily lead to the use of morphine and other opiates. If we legalize the use of marijuana, we cannot prevent the use of more dangerous derivatives of cannabis; namely, hashish, cannabis oil and THC, itself. In my opinion, in the light of our present knowledge, legalizing of marijuana could be hazardous both for the individual and for society.

Topics: Animals; Brain Damage, Chronic; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cricetinae; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Liver; Rabbits; Rats; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Aged; Aging; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet Therapy; Education, Medical; Female; Geriatrics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Preventive Medicine; Retirement; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders; United States