hr-810 and Klebsiella-Infections

Antibiotics not only support to alleviate the infections but also facilitate to avert the multiplication of microbes. Due to the irrational use of antibiotics, the resistance of antibiotics has been augmented which results may increase in morbidity and mortality with the span of time. World renowned regulatory bodies like Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and World Health Organization (WHO) vigorously advocate the surveillance of the resistance of antibiotics. During the present study by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method 141 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (n=47, 33.34%), Escherichia coli (n=54, 38.3%), Proteus species (n=26, 18.4%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=14, 9.92%) are evaluated against cefepime and cefpirome which comes of fourth generation cephalosporin. It has been found that cefpirome has better bactericidal activity than cefepime against E. coli and K. pneumoniae while cefepime has been possessed better antibacterial activity against S. aureus and Proteus species which were isolated from respiratory tract infections, blood stream infection, intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections, and skin and soft tissue infections. K. pneumoniae, E. coli, Proteus species, and S. aureus were 34.8%, 26.3%, 11.3%, and 37.7% resistance against cefepime respectively. S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Proteus species has shown 41.4%, 21.7%, 17.6%, and 8.9% resistance against cefpirome correspondingly.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Cefepime; Cefpirome; Cephalosporins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Intraabdominal Infections; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pakistan; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Soft Tissue Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Urinary Tract Infections

Increasing antimicrobial resistance has been reported for Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. The in-vitro activities of 14 antimicrobial agents against 656 clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. and 630 isolates of Enterobacter spp. collected from seven cities in Canada were determined by microbroth dilution. There was no regional variation in the susceptibility patterns. Klebsiella spp. remain highly susceptible to most antimicrobials, only one isolate was resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. However, many isolates of Enterobacter spp. (> 16%) were resistant to the third-generation cephalosporins with marked cross-resistance to piperacillin (63.1%), piperacillin/tazobactam (44.9%), and aztreonam (76.6%). Gentamicin, tobramycin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, and cefpirome were consistently active against most isolates of Enterobacter spp. including those resistant to the third-generation cephalosporins.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Canada; Cefepime; Cefpirome; Cephalosporins; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Cefpirome (HR 810) is a new cephalosporin with a 2,3-cyclopentenopyridine group in the 3-position side chain. It was compared with other cephem antibiotics in protective and therapeutic effects on various experimental infections, systemic and local, in mice and rats. HR 810 had more potent protective effect than ceftazidime (CAZ), cefoperazone (CPZ), and cefotaxime (CTX) on systemic infections induced by Escherichia coli Ec-31, Staphylococcus aureus SMITH, and Serratia marcescens Sm-6 in mice. Against systemic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa HR 810 was as effective as CAZ. Mice with leukopenia induced by cyclophosphamide were systemically infected with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Enterococcus faecalis. HR 810 was superior to cefuzonam (CZON) and cefmetazole against MRSA and MSSA and was much more active than any other antibiotics tested against E. cloacae and A. calcoaceticus. In the activity against E. faecalis, HR 810 was inferior to ampicillin but superior to CZON. In mice with pyelonephritis caused by E. coli Ec-7, the rank order of activities was HR 810 greater than CAZ greater than CTX greater than CPZ. HR 810 was more effective than latamoxef, CAZ, CTX, and CPZ in improving lung infections induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae HL 438 and Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp-51 in mice. HR 810 was superior to CTX and CPZ and comparable to cefazolin in therapeutic effects on intrauterine infections with E. coli Ec-89 and S. aureus SMITH in rats.

Topics: Animals; Cefpirome; Cephalosporins; Escherichia coli; Female; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lung Diseases; Male; Methicillin; Mice; Penicillin Resistance; Pseudomonas Infections; Pyelonephritis; Rats; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Uterine Diseases

The chemotherapeutic efficacy of cefpirome (HR 810), a new polar aminothiazolylcephalosporin and that of ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, latamoxef and cefodizime were examined against experimental pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S in mice. When compared in terms of MIC values against the infecting organism and the pharmacokinetic pattern, cefpirome showed equal activity and a similar pharmacokinetic behavior to ceftazidime and cefotaxime in mice. Trials to assess the bactericidal activity in vivo, however, showed that cefpirome displayed a more marked bactericidal effect in pneumonic mice than the other cephalosporins tested. Only cefodizime, a cephalosporin with extremely high and prolonged blood and tissue levels in experimental animals exerted chemotherapeutic effects similar to cefpirome. After cefpirome or cefodizime medication (50 mg/kg), the viable counts in the lungs of experimental animals fell steadily to 1/10,000 of the pretreatment level and, in contrast to the reference compounds, no regrowth of the challenge organisms could be observed with both drugs. Moreover, with ED50s ranging from 1.1 to 59.1 mg/kg in treatment studies, cefpirome as well as cefodizime were two to ten times more effective than ceftazidime and cefotaxime, whereas cefoperazone and latamoxef were considerably less effective.

Topics: Animals; Cefpirome; Cephalosporins; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Pneumonia

HR 810 or cefpirome is a new amino thiazole cephalosporin whose specific characteristic is a cyclopentenopyridinium group in position 3 of the cephem nucleus. This structure is responsible for a broad spectrum of activity, covering Enterobacteriaceae, including cephalosporinase-producing Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and group D Streptococci.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Cefpirome; Cephalosporins; Citrobacter; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes