Page last updated: 2024-10-21

homovanillic acid and Psychoses, Drug

homovanillic acid has been researched along with Psychoses, Drug in 14 studies

Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.
homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.
homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Ketamine (1) produced behaviors similar to the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia; (2) elicited alterations in perception; (3) impaired performance on tests of vigilance, verbal fluency, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; (4) evoked symptoms similar to dissociative states; and (5) preferentially disrupted delayed word recall, sparing immediate recall and postdistraction recall."5.07Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses. ( Bowers, MB; Bremner, JD; Charney, DS; Delaney, R; Freeman, GK; Heninger, GR; Karper, LP; Krystal, JH; Seibyl, JP, 1994)
"Chronic administration of the same dose of cocaine to rhesus monkeys for up to 6 months was associated with progressive alterations in pathological behavior and increased susceptibility to seizures."3.65Progressive effects of cocaine on behavior and central amine metabolism in rhesus monkeys: relationship to kindling and psychosis. ( Black, KE; Kopanda, RT; Post, RM, 1976)

Research

Studies (14)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19909 (64.29)18.7374
1990's3 (21.43)18.2507
2000's2 (14.29)29.6817
2010's0 (0.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Bowers, MB2
Kantrowitz, JT1
Wolkowitz, OM1
Krystal, JH1
Karper, LP1
Seibyl, JP1
Freeman, GK1
Delaney, R1
Bremner, JD1
Heninger, GR1
Charney, DS1
Carey, RJ1
Pinheiro-Carrera, M1
Dai, H1
Tomaz, C1
Huston, JP1
Fortunati, F1
Mazure, C1
Preda, A1
Wahl, R1
Bowers, M1
Crow, TJ1
Johnstone, EC1
Longden, A1
Owen, F1
Klawans, H1
Anokhina, IP1
Gamaleia, NB1
Post, RM1
Kopanda, RT1
Black, KE1
Lepore, V1
Di Reda, N1
Defazio, G1
Pedone, D1
Giovine, A1
Lanzi, C1
Tartaglione, B1
Livrea, P1
Sherer, MA1
Dill, RE1
Campbell, KM1
Angrist, B2
Gershon, S2
Sathananthan, G1
Wilk, S1

Clinical Trials (6)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Xenon Inhalation Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder[NCT03748446]Early Phase 120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-12-05Recruiting
Efficacy of Rapid-Acting NMDA Antagonist for Treatment of Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Disorders[NCT02579928]Phase 417 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-31Completed
Measurement of GABA and Neurosteroid Levels in Women With Menopausal Major Depression Before and After Treatment With Estrogen Alone, Fluoxetine Alone, or Estrogen and Fluoxetine and Normal Controls Before and After Treatment With Estrogen[NCT00626340]Phase 418 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-07-31Completed
Changes of the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ-E) After Ketamine Administration on Ophthalmic Surgery in Geriatric Population.[NCT02049411]Phase 280 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-30Completed
Biomarkers of Conversion Risk and Treatment Response in Early-Stage Schizophrenia[NCT03323437]Phase 447 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-09-15Completed
Ketamine for Severe Adolescent Depression: Intermediate-term Safety and Efficacy[NCT03889756]Phase 2/Phase 33 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-07-17Terminated (stopped due to No more funding available to continue since we could not recruit throughout the pandemic.)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale Score 1 Day After Infusion

"Depressive symptoms (measured by Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, revised (MADRS) score) on 1 day after infusion, for the cohort of subjects enrolled in the MDD arm of this trial.~Higher MADRS score indicates more severe depression, and each item yields a score of 0 to 6. The overall score ranges from 0 to 60.~Usual cutoff points are:~0 to 6 - normal /symptom absent. 7 to 19 - mild depression. 20 to 34 - moderate depression. >34 - severe depression." (NCT02579928)
Timeframe: 1 day after the infusion

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine15.44
Midazolam24.13

Comparison of Cortical GABA Levels in 4 Groups of Subjects Using Estrogen Alone, Fluoxetine Alone, Estrogen and Fluoxetine Combined in Pre and Post 4.0T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Sessions.

"This study was conducted at Yale University almost two decades ago. Our group at the University of Pennsylvania only has very basic information about this study. This includes the number of participants, which was 18, and the fact that no adverse events occurred. Staff members at the University of Pennsylvania do not have access to any additional study data. The contact person who initially entered this study protocol information is no longer at the University of Pennsylvania and we are unable to contact for additional information.~We only know that 18 participants completed, but as far as we know data was never analyzed for these 18 participants." (NCT00626340)
Timeframe: Healthy controls will undergo scans pre and post 3 weeks of estrogen treatment. Women with depression will undergo scans pre and post 6 weeks of treatment with estrogen alone, estrogen and fluoxetine, or fluoxetine alone

Intervention ()
All Participants0

Efficacy of a Multiple-dosing Ketamine Infusion Paradigm (2 Infusions Per Week for 3 Weeks) Compared to Midazolam in Adolescents With Treatment Resistant Depression Using the Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS)

Establish if repeated ketamine will be efficacious medically and psychiatrically, as measured by a significant reduction in CDRS score in those treated with ketamine at the end of the dosing paradigm. The Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) is a clinician-rated instrument with 17 items scored on a 1 to 5 or 1 to 7 scale. A rating of 1 indicates normal, thus the minimum score is 17. The maximum score is 113. Scores of 20-30 suggest borderline depression. Scores of 40-60 indicate moderate depression. (NCT03889756)
Timeframe: Day 18

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine42
Midazolam62

Tolerability of a Multiple-dosing Ketamine Infusion Paradigm (2 Infusions Per Week for 3 Weeks) Compared to Midazolam in Adolescents With Treatment Resistant Depression

Establish if repeated ketamine will be tolerated as measured by drop-out counts. (NCT03889756)
Timeframe: Day 18

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ketamine0
Midazolam0

Reviews

5 reviews available for homovanillic acid and Psychoses, Drug

ArticleYear
Prospective controlled studies of the behavioral and biological effects of exogenous corticosteroids.
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1994, Volume: 19, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Animals; Arousal; Brain; Dexamethasone; Dose-Response Relationship,

1994
Dopamine and schizophrenia.
    Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1978, Volume: 19

    Topics: Amphetamines; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Dopamine; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Homovanillic Acid; Hum

1978
Amine precursors in neurologic disorders and the psychoses.
    Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, 1975, Volume: 54

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hydroxyindo

1975
[Current biochemical conceptions of mental disorders. I. Biogenic amines in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia].
    Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1979, Volume: 79, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Biogenic Amines; Blood Platelets; Brain Chemistry; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Disease Mo

1979
Dopamine and psychotic states: preliminary remarks.
    Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1974, Volume: 12, Issue:0

    Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Apomorphine; Behavior, Animal; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cats; Cocaine; Dihydroxyp

1974

Trials

2 trials available for homovanillic acid and Psychoses, Drug

ArticleYear
Prospective controlled studies of the behavioral and biological effects of exogenous corticosteroids.
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1994, Volume: 19, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Animals; Arousal; Brain; Dexamethasone; Dose-Response Relationship,

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Dissociative Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

1994

Other Studies

8 other studies available for homovanillic acid and Psychoses, Drug

ArticleYear
Elevated plasma dopamine metabolites in cannabis psychosis.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 2007, Volume: 164, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; Dopamine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Marijuana Abuse; Psychos

2007
L-DOPA and psychosis: evidence for L-DOPA-induced increases in prefrontal cortex dopamine and in serum corticosterone.
    Biological psychiatry, 1995, Nov-15, Volume: 38, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Corpus Striatum; Corticosterone; Dopamine; Homovanillic Acid; Levodop

1995
Plasma catecholamine metabolites in antidepressant-exacerbated mania and psychosis.
    Journal of affective disorders, 2002, Volume: 68, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Catecholamines; Comorbidity; Female; Homovanillic Ac

2002
Progressive effects of cocaine on behavior and central amine metabolism in rhesus monkeys: relationship to kindling and psychosis.
    Biological psychiatry, 1976, Volume: 11, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Catalepsy; Cocaine; Female; Haplorhini; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydrox

1976
Dopaminomimetic action of diphenylhydantoin in rat striatum: effect on homovanillic acid and cyclic AMP levels.
    Psychopharmacology, 1985, Volume: 86, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Corpus Striatum; Cyclic AMP; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Haloperidol; Homovanill

1985
Intravenous cocaine: psychiatric effects, biological mechanisms.
    Biological psychiatry, 1988, Volume: 24, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Arousal; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cocaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr

1988
3 methoxytyramine: a possible endogenous toxin of psychosis?
    Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology, 1973, Volume: 6, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Haplorhini; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; M

1973
Amphetamine psychosis: behavioral and biochemical aspects.
    Journal of psychiatric research, 1974, Volume: 11

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Alcoholism; Amphetamine; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Delusions; Depressio

1974