homovanillic acid has been researched along with Movement Disorders in 54 studies
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.
homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.
homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.
Movement Disorders: Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.
Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
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"Ventricular fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the respective metabolites of dopamine and serotonin, were measured in 57 patients undergoing thalamotomy for relief of movement disorders." | 7.66 | Ventricular fluid homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in patients with movement disorders. ( Sharpless, NS; Tabaddor, K; Wolfson, LI, 1978) |
"Two cases of severe dystonia and dyskinesia were treated with talipexole, a dopamine autoreceptor agonist, and the metabolites of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined." | 3.68 | Chronic treatment with talipexole dihydrochloride on abnormal involuntary movement in humans. ( Koga, I; Nishikawa, T; Tanaka, M; Tsuda, A; Uchida, Y; Yamada, S, 1990) |
"Ventricular fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the respective metabolites of dopamine and serotonin, were measured in 57 patients undergoing thalamotomy for relief of movement disorders." | 3.66 | Ventricular fluid homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in patients with movement disorders. ( Sharpless, NS; Tabaddor, K; Wolfson, LI, 1978) |
"We have studied the urinary excretion of 1,4-methylhistamine (1,4-MeHm), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in patients with Parkinson's disease, choreiform movements and essential tremor." | 3.65 | Urinary monoamine metabolite excretion in disorders of movement. Effects of amantadine and levodopa. ( Fleming, AM; Lenman, JA; Reid, A; Turnbull, MJ, 1977) |
"Haloperidol is a classical neuroleptic drug that is still in use and can lead to abnormal motor activity such as tardive dyskinesia (TD) following repeated administration." | 1.35 | Protective effect of L-type calcium channel blockers against haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia: a behavioural, biochemical and neurochemical study. ( Bishnoi, M; Chopra, K; Kulkarni, SK, 2008) |
"In contrast to senile dementia of Alzheimer's type SLI was not correlated with dementia scores but with motor disease progression." | 1.28 | Parkinson's disease and dementia: clinical and neurochemical correlations. ( Cramer, H; Strittmatter, MM, 1992) |
"Treatment with tetrabenazine did not significantly alter the metabolite levels in patients in whom it produced either improvement, or side effects." | 1.26 | CSF studies on the relationship between dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in Parkinsonism and other movement disorders. ( Davidson, DL; Mawdsley, C; Pullar, IA; Wilson, H; Yates, CM, 1977) |
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 35 (64.81) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 7 (12.96) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 6 (11.11) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 5 (9.26) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 1 (1.85) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
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Wong, RSH | 1 |
Mohammad, S | 1 |
Parayil Sankaran, B | 1 |
Junek, R | 1 |
Kim, WT | 1 |
Wotton, T | 1 |
Devanapalli, B | 1 |
Bandodkar, S | 1 |
Balasubramaniam, S | 1 |
Papandreou, A | 1 |
Rahman, S | 1 |
Fratter, C | 1 |
Ng, J | 1 |
Meyer, E | 1 |
Carr, LJ | 1 |
Champion, M | 1 |
Clarke, A | 1 |
Gissen, P | 1 |
Hemingway, C | 1 |
Hussain, N | 1 |
Jayawant, S | 1 |
King, MD | 1 |
Lynch, BJ | 1 |
Mewasingh, L | 1 |
Patel, J | 1 |
Prabhakar, P | 1 |
Neergheen, V | 1 |
Pope, S | 1 |
Heales, SJR | 1 |
Poulton, J | 1 |
Kurian, MA | 1 |
Willard, AM | 1 |
Bouchard, RS | 1 |
Gittis, AH | 1 |
Batool, F | 1 |
Shah, AH | 1 |
Ahmed, SD | 1 |
Saify, ZS | 1 |
Haleem, DJ | 1 |
Ormazabal, A | 1 |
Serrano, M | 1 |
Garcia-Cazorla, A | 1 |
Campistol, J | 1 |
Artuch, R | 1 |
Castro de Castro, P | 1 |
Barredo-Valderrama, E | 1 |
Armstrong, J | 1 |
Toma, C | 1 |
Cormand, B | 1 |
Morelli, E | 1 |
Moore, H | 1 |
Rebello, TJ | 1 |
Gray, N | 1 |
Steele, K | 1 |
Esposito, E | 1 |
Gingrich, JA | 1 |
Ansorge, MS | 1 |
Kato, H | 1 |
Kurosaki, R | 1 |
Oki, C | 1 |
Araki, T | 1 |
Zhao, Y | 1 |
DeCuypere, M | 1 |
LeDoux, MS | 1 |
Bishnoi, M | 1 |
Chopra, K | 1 |
Kulkarni, SK | 1 |
Becker, RE | 1 |
Lal, H | 1 |
Jeste, DV | 1 |
Doongaji, DR | 1 |
Linnoila, M | 1 |
Gil-Nagel, A | 1 |
Morlán, L | 1 |
Balseiro, J | 1 |
García de Yébenes, J | 1 |
Cabello, A | 1 |
Martínez-Martín, P | 1 |
Fall, PA | 1 |
Ekman, R | 1 |
Granérus, AK | 1 |
Thorell, LH | 1 |
Wålinder, J | 1 |
Paul, G | 1 |
Reum, T | 1 |
Meissner, W | 1 |
Marburger, A | 1 |
Sohr, R | 1 |
Morgenstern, R | 1 |
Kupsch, A | 1 |
Hyland, K | 1 |
Beaman, BL | 1 |
LeWitt, PA | 1 |
DeMaggio, AJ | 1 |
Goettl, VM | 1 |
Wemlinger, TA | 1 |
Colvin, AE | 1 |
Neff, NH | 1 |
Hadjiconstantinou, M | 1 |
Moskowitz, MA | 1 |
Wurtman, RJ | 1 |
Klawans, H | 1 |
Tabaddor, K | 1 |
Wolfson, LI | 1 |
Sharpless, NS | 1 |
Wood, JH | 1 |
Davidson, DL | 1 |
Yates, CM | 1 |
Mawdsley, C | 1 |
Pullar, IA | 1 |
Wilson, H | 1 |
Price, KS | 1 |
Farley, IJ | 1 |
Hornykiewicz, O | 1 |
Rinne, UK | 1 |
Siirtola, T | 1 |
Sonninen, V | 1 |
Lenman, JA | 1 |
Turnbull, MJ | 1 |
Reid, A | 1 |
Fleming, AM | 1 |
Rosenberg, RN | 1 |
Nyhan, WL | 1 |
Bay, C | 1 |
Shore, P | 1 |
Klawans, HL | 1 |
Moses, H | 1 |
Nausieda, PA | 1 |
Bergen, D | 1 |
Weiner, WJ | 1 |
Gerlach, J | 1 |
Thorsen, K | 1 |
Fog, R | 1 |
Sayers, AC | 1 |
Bürki, HR | 1 |
Ruch, W | 1 |
Asper, H | 1 |
García Ruiz, PJ | 1 |
Mena, MA | 1 |
Peñafiel, N | 1 |
De Yébenes, JG | 1 |
Strittmatter, MM | 1 |
Cramer, H | 2 |
Nishikawa, T | 1 |
Yamada, S | 1 |
Tsuda, A | 1 |
Tanaka, M | 1 |
Koga, I | 1 |
Uchida, Y | 1 |
Dávila, R | 1 |
Andía, I | 1 |
Miller, JC | 1 |
Friedhoff, AJ | 1 |
Guimón, J | 1 |
Ahlskog, JE | 1 |
Kelly, PJ | 1 |
van Heerden, JA | 1 |
Stoddard, SL | 1 |
Tyce, GM | 1 |
Windebank, AJ | 1 |
Bailey, PA | 1 |
Bell, GN | 1 |
Blexrud, MD | 1 |
Carmichael, SW | 1 |
Yamamoto, M | 1 |
Ujike, H | 1 |
Ogawa, N | 1 |
Bradbury, AJ | 2 |
Costall, B | 2 |
Domeney, AM | 2 |
Testa, B | 1 |
Jenner, PG | 1 |
Marsden, CD | 3 |
Naylor, RJ | 2 |
Jenner, PJ | 1 |
Jankovic, J | 1 |
Caskey, TC | 1 |
Stout, JT | 1 |
Butler, IJ | 1 |
Kostic, V | 1 |
Djuricic, B | 1 |
Paschen, W | 1 |
Birkmayer, W | 1 |
Birkmayer, GJ | 1 |
Vrecko, K | 1 |
Mlekusch, W | 1 |
Paletta, B | 1 |
Ott, E | 1 |
Cross, AJ | 1 |
Crow, TJ | 1 |
Ferrier, IN | 1 |
Johnson, JA | 1 |
Johnstone, EC | 1 |
Owen, F | 1 |
Owens, DG | 1 |
Poulter, M | 1 |
Kurlan, R | 1 |
Goldblatt, D | 1 |
Zaczek, R | 1 |
Jeffries, K | 1 |
Irvine, C | 1 |
Coyle, J | 1 |
Shoulson, I | 1 |
Dill, RE | 1 |
Campbell, KM | 1 |
Messiha, FS | 2 |
Constantinidis, J | 1 |
Curzon, G | 2 |
Ng, LK | 1 |
Chase, TN | 1 |
Cohen, DJ | 1 |
Shaywitz, BA | 1 |
Johnson, WT | 1 |
Bowers, M | 1 |
Sweet, RD | 1 |
McDowell, FH | 1 |
Guilleminault, C | 1 |
Tharp, BR | 1 |
Cousin, D | 1 |
Barbeau, A | 1 |
Lhermitte, F | 1 |
Rosa, A | 1 |
Comoy, E | 1 |
Bohuon, C | 1 |
Parkes, JD | 1 |
Rees, JE | 1 |
Kantamaneni, BD | 1 |
Knill-Jones, R | 1 |
Akbar, A | 1 |
Das, S | 1 |
Kataria, M | 1 |
Fahn, S | 1 |
4 reviews available for homovanillic acid and Movement Disorders
Article | Year |
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Pharmacological approaches to treatment of hemiballism and hemichorea.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Chorea; Diazepam; Dop | 1983 |
Catecholamines and neurologic diseases (second of two parts).
Topics: Animals; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Brain; Brain Diseases; Catecholamines; Cereb | 1975 |
Amine precursors in neurologic disorders and the psychoses.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hydroxyindo | 1975 |
[Biochemical and clinical correlations in Parkinson's disease].
Topics: Brain; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Movement Disorders; Norepinephri | 1972 |
1 trial available for homovanillic acid and Movement Disorders
Article | Year |
---|---|
Extrapyramidal reactions and amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid during haloperidol and clozapine treatment of schizophrenic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clozapine; Dibenzazepines; Haloperido | 1975 |
49 other studies available for homovanillic acid and Movement Disorders
Article | Year |
---|---|
Developmental delay and non-phenylketonuria (PKU) hyperphenylalaninemia in DNAJC12 deficiency: Case and approach.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Biopterins; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Movement Dis | 2023 |
Spectrum of movement disorders and neurotransmitter abnormalities in paediatric POLG disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA Polymerase gamma; Female; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydrox | 2018 |
Differential degradation of motor deficits during gradual dopamine depletion with 6-hydroxydopamine in mice.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Di | 2015 |
Protective effects of aqueous fruit extract from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. Spp. Turkestanica) on haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and neuronal alterations in the striatum.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Catalepsy; Dopamine; Exploratory Behavior; Fruit; Haloperidol; Hippop | 2010 |
Deletion in the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in a patient with a mild phenotype.
Topics: Antiparkinson Agents; Carbidopa; DNA Mutational Analysis; Drug Combinations; Female; Homovanillic Ac | 2011 |
Chronic 5-HT transporter blockade reduces DA signaling to elicit basal ganglia dysfunction.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Basal Ganglia; Cell Count; C | 2011 |
Arundic acid, an astrocyte-modulating agent, protects dopaminergic neurons against MPTP neurotoxicity in mice.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Astrocytes; Caprylates; Cell Communication; Dopamine; Glial | 2004 |
Abnormal motor function and dopamine neurotransmission in DYT1 DeltaGAG transgenic mice.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dopamine; Gene Deletion; Hind | 2008 |
Protective effect of L-type calcium channel blockers against haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia: a behavioural, biochemical and neurochemical study.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Antipsychotic Agents; Behavior, Animal; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Cha | 2008 |
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid noradrenaline in tardive dyskinesia.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Adult; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Homovan | 1984 |
[Neuro-acanthocytosis with associated myopathy. A case report].
Topics: Acanthocytes; Adult; Basal Ganglia; Basophils; Brain Diseases; Cerebellum; Denervation; Homovanillic | 1994 |
ECT in Parkinson's disease. Changes in motor symptoms, monoamine metabolites and neuropeptides.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biogenic Monoamines; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Homovanillic Acid; | 1995 |
High frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus influences striatal dopaminergic metabolism in the naive rat.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Electric Stimulation; Extracellu | 2000 |
Monoamine changes in the brain of BALB/c mice following sub-lethal infection with Nocardia asteroides (GUH-2).
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Biogenic Monoamines; Brain; Cerebellum; Dopamine; Female; H | 2000 |
Motoric behavior in aged rats treated with GM1.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Dopamine; G(M1) Ganglioside; Homovanillic Acid; Male; Motor Activity; Movement Disor | 2001 |
Ventricular fluid homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in patients with movement disorders.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cerebral Palsy; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Levodopa; Middle A | 1978 |
CSF HVA and 5-HIAA.
Topics: Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Movement Disorders; Phenylacetates | 1979 |
CSF studies on the relationship between dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in Parkinsonism and other movement disorders.
Topics: Aged; Athetosis; Carbidopa; Chorea; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Dystonia Musculorum Deformans; | 1977 |
Neurochemistry of Parkinson's disease: relation between striatal and limbic dopamine.
Topics: Affective Symptoms; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Limbic Sy | 1978 |
L-deprenyl treatment of on-off phenomena in Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Aged; Benserazide; Dopamine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydroxyin | 1978 |
Urinary monoamine metabolite excretion in disorders of movement. Effects of amantadine and levodopa.
Topics: Amantadine; Chorea; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Levodopa; Methylhistamines; | 1977 |
Autosomal dominant striatonigral degeneration. A clinical, pathologic, and biochemical study of a new genetic disorder.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Diseases; Caudate Nucleus; Cerebellar Nuclei; Corpus Striatum; Eye Movements; Fem | 1976 |
Treatment and prognosis of hemiballismus.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Chlorpromazine; Diencephalon; Dopamine; Feedback; Female; Haloperidol; Homovani | 1976 |
Neuroleptic-induced hypersensitivity of striatal dopamine receptors in the rat as a model of tardive dyskinesias. Effects of clozapine, haloperidol, loxapine and chlorpromazine.
Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Corpus Striatum; Dibenzazepines; Dibenzoxazepines; | 1975 |
Cinnarizine-induced parkinsonism in primates.
Topics: Animals; Biogenic Monoamines; Cinnarizine; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Haplorhini; Homovanilli | 1992 |
Parkinson's disease and dementia: clinical and neurochemical correlations.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Female; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic A | 1992 |
Chronic treatment with talipexole dihydrochloride on abnormal involuntary movement in humans.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Aged; Azepines; Dopamine Agents; Dystonia; Homovanillic Acid; Humans | 1990 |
Evidence of low dopaminergic activity in elderly women with spontaneous orofacial dyskinesia.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dopamine; Estradiol; Facial Muscles; Female | 1991 |
Adrenal medullary transplantation into the brain for treatment of Parkinson's disease: clinical outcome and neurochemical studies.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adrenal Medulla; Adult; Caudate Nucleus; Cells, Cultured; Dopamine; Epin | 1990 |
Effective treatment of pure akinesia with L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS): report of a case, with pharmacological considerations.
Topics: Droxidopa; Electromyography; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Male; Methoxyhydro | 1985 |
The toxic actions of MPTP and its metabolite MPP+ are not mimicked by analogues of MPTP lacking an N-methyl moiety.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic | 1985 |
The neurotoxic actions of 6-hydroxydopamine infused into the rat substantia nigra.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic | 1986 |
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: a study of motor behavior and cerebrospinal fluid neurotransmitters.
Topics: Carbidopa; Catecholamines; Child; Child, Preschool; Fluphenazine; Glycols; Homovanillic Acid; Humans | 1988 |
Hemiballismus: changes in cerebrospinal fluid.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Aged; Dominance, Cerebral; Dopamine; Female; Homovanillic Acid; Huma | 1988 |
The coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) improves the disability of parkinsonian patients.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Middle Aged; Movement D | 1989 |
Chemical and structural changes in the brain in patients with movement disorder.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Acetylcholine; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Choline O-Acetyltransfer | 1985 |
Cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid and parkinsonism in Huntington's disease.
Topics: Adult; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Parkinson Dis | 1988 |
3 methoxytyramine: a possible endogenous toxin of psychosis?
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Haplorhini; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; M | 1973 |
A study of biogenic amine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of monkeys with chlorpromazine-induced dyskinesia.
Topics: 5-Methoxytryptamine; Animals; Biogenic Amines; Chlorpromazine; Dopamine; Epinephrine; Female; Haplor | 1974 |
[Monoamines and choreic syndromes].
Topics: Amines; Butyrophenones; Chorea; Diazepam; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Ganglia; Globus Pallidus | 1972 |
Involuntary movements other than Parkinsonism: biochemical aspects.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Athetosis; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Dopamine; Fecal Incontinence; Homovanillic | 1973 |
Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in cerebrospinal fluid. Effect of drugs and neurologic disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cerebellar Diseases; Child; Cyclic AMP; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Hom | 1973 |
The relationship of dopamine excretion to chlorpromazine-induced dyskinesia in monkeys.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Chlorpromazine; Dopamine; Homovanillic Acid; Intubation; Macaca | 1974 |
Biogenic amines in autistic and atypical children. Cerebrospinal fluid measures of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.
Topics: Autistic Disorder; Brain; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Dopamine; Electroencepha | 1974 |
Plasma dopa concentrations and the "on-off" effect after chronic treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Dietary Proteins; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Levod | 1974 |
HVA and 5HIAA CSF measurements and 5HTP trials in some patients with involuntary movements.
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chorea; Dopamine; Dystonia Musculorum Deformans; Femal | 1973 |
[Abnormal movements induced by L-Dopa and dopamine metabolism disorders].
Topics: Benzoates; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Electrocoagulation; Female; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; | 1973 |
Parkinson's disease, cerebral arteriosclerosis, and senile dementia. Clinical features and response to levodopa.
Topics: Aged; Dementia; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Electroencephalography; Female; Gait; Homovanillic Acid; Hum | 1974 |
"On-off" phenomenon with levodopa therapy in Parkinsonism. Clinical and pharmacologic correlations and the effect of intramuscular pyridoxine.
Topics: Adult; Carbidopa; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Homov | 1974 |