hirudin and Out-of-Hospital-Cardiac-Arrest

Patients who are vulnerable to hemodynamic or electrical disorders (VP) are often excluded from clinical trials and data on the optimal access-site or antithrombotic treatment are limited. We assessed outcomes of transradial vs transfemoral access and bivalirudin vs unfractionated heparin (UFH) in VP with acute coronary syndrome undergoing invasive management.. The MATRIX trial randomized 8404 patients to radial or femoral access and 7213 patients to bivalirudin or UFH. Among them, 934 (11.1%) were deemed VP due to advanced Killip class (n = 808), cardiac arrest (n = 168), or both (n = 42). The 30-day coprimary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACE: death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) and net adverse clinical events (NACE: MACE or major bleeding).. MACE and NACE were similarly reduced with radial vs femoral access in VP and non-VP. Transradial access was also associated with consistent relative benefits in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality or Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 3 or 5 bleeding with greater absolute benefits in VP. The effects of bivalirudin vs UFH on MACE and NACE were consistent in VP and non-VP. Bivalirudin was associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in VP but not in non-VP, with borderline interaction testing. Bivalirudin reduced bleeding in both VP and non-VP with a larger absolute benefit in VP.. In acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing invasive management, the effects of randomized treatments were consistent in VP and non-VP, but absolute risk reduction with radial access and bivalirudin were greater in VP, with a 5- to 10-fold lower number needed to treat for benefits. Trial registry number: NCT01433627.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Anticoagulants; Antithrombins; Heparin; Hirudins; Humans; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Peptide Fragments; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Recombinant Proteins; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. Bivalirudin is a specific and reversible direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI). CASE REPORT We report a case of severe DAH, possibly related to bivalirudin use, in a 61-year-old patient undergoing coronary intervention. The patient had presented with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). During the coronary intervention, shortly after receiving bivalirudin, the patient started having frank bleeding from the endotracheal tube and developed hemodynamic compromise. Despite aggressive intervention and intensive care, the patient died. CONCLUSIONS At this time, to our knowledge, there have been no reports of DAH associated with the use of bivalirudin.

Topics: Antithrombins; Fatal Outcome; Hemorrhage; Hirudins; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Peptide Fragments; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Pulmonary Alveoli; Recombinant Proteins; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction