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hexamethonium and Blood Pressure, Low

hexamethonium has been researched along with Blood Pressure, Low in 53 studies

Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"An increase in endogenous central histamine concentration after inhibition of histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) activity reverses critical hypotension and improves the survival of rats in haemorrhagic shock."7.72Involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the reversal of critical haemorrhagic hypotension by endogenous central histamine in rats. ( Jochem, J, 2004)
"Pretreatment with mecamylamine (50 micrograms; i."5.29Central choline reverses hypotension caused by alpha-adrenoceptor or ganglion blockade in rats: the role of vasopressin. ( Savci, V; Ulus, IH, 1996)
"An increase in endogenous central histamine concentration after inhibition of histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) activity reverses critical hypotension and improves the survival of rats in haemorrhagic shock."3.72Involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the reversal of critical haemorrhagic hypotension by endogenous central histamine in rats. ( Jochem, J, 2004)
"Concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and other amino acids were measured in microdissected areas of the rostral ventro-lateral medulla (RVL), nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVL) of the rat, and effects on the amino acid levels, of hypotension induced by hexamethonium and nifedipine were examined."3.68Hypotension decreases GABA levels in brainstem regions of the rat. ( Kihara, M; Kubo, T; Misu, Y, 1990)
"Our objectives were 1) to investigate the extent to which the pulmonary vascular response to increasing cardiac index after a period of hypotension and hypoperfusion (defined as reperfusion) measured in conscious dogs is altered during pentobarbital sodium anesthesia, and 2) to determine whether pentobarbital anesthesia modifies autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation of the pulmonary circulation during reperfusion."3.67Pentobarbital anesthesia modifies pulmonary vasoregulation after hypoperfusion. ( Chen, BB; Clougherty, PW; Fehr, DM; Goll, HM; Murray, PA; Nyhan, DP, 1988)
" To test this hypothesis, we have used a novel approach to effectively "clamp" the sympathetic nervous system at a fixed level through chronic administration of the ganglionic blocking agent hexamethonium (15 mg/kg/h) and the alpha agonist phenylephrine (2."1.33Role of a responsive sympathetic nervous system in the chronic hypotensive effects of losartan in normal rats. ( Collister, JP; Osborn, JW, 2005)
"In hexamethonium-treated rats, the blood-pressure-lowering effect of frII was almost abolished."1.32Medicinal plants in Suriname: hypotensive effect of Gossypium barbadense. ( Hasrat, JA; Pieters, L; Vlietinck, AJ, 2004)
"Pretreatment with mecamylamine (50 micrograms; i."1.29Central choline reverses hypotension caused by alpha-adrenoceptor or ganglion blockade in rats: the role of vasopressin. ( Savci, V; Ulus, IH, 1996)

Research

Studies (53)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199038 (71.70)18.7374
1990's7 (13.21)18.2507
2000's7 (13.21)29.6817
2010's1 (1.89)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Zhao, G1
Walsh, E1
Shryock, JC1
Messina, E1
Wu, Y1
Zeng, D1
Xu, X1
Ochoa, M1
Baker, SP1
Hintze, TH1
Belardinelli, L1
Lahlou, S1
MASON, AA1
PELMORE, JF1
ASERMAN, D1
PETIT-DUTAILLIS, D1
GUIOT, G1
DAMOISEAU, B1
SHAPIRO, AP1
GROLLMAN, A1
BENKE, A1
SCHWEIZER, O1
PARISCENTI, P2
SALA, G2
MANDOW, GA1
ARDEN, GP1
STONEHAM, FJ1
DE COTTEN, MV1
BROWN, JM1
KRONEN, PS1
WALKER, G1
LEVY, L1
HYMAN, A1
ROMNEY, R1
VETTER, H1
GRABNER, G1
MLCZOCH, F1
STEINBEREITHNER, K1
POOLE, EW1
MOYER, JH4
MORRIS, G2
GUIDETTI, B1
ALVISI, C1
SNYDER, HB1
MORRIS, GC2
HAYNES, BW1
VAN BERGEN, FH2
BUCKLEY, JJ1
FRENCH, LA1
DOBKIN, AB1
BROWN, IA1
SMIRK, FH1
SEIBERT, RA1
PIPBERGER, H1
KALIN, R1
ROSSIER, PH1
HOLMES, F3
COULTER, RL2
ZAMBONI, P1
AZZOLINI, G1
KLEINER, GM1
STONE, HH1
MACKRELL, TN1
WECHSLER, RL1
McCONN, R1
GRIFFITHS, JA1
HUGHES, G1
VILLINGER, R1
WILFLINGSEDER, P1
MIELE, E1
MARMO, E1
PREZIOSI, P1
VOURC'H, G2
Jochem, J1
Hasrat, JA1
Pieters, L1
Vlietinck, AJ1
CHATEAUREYNAUD, J1
DU BOUCHET, N1
LATSCHA, BI1
PASSELECQ, J1
D'AUBIAC, PB1
Collister, JP1
Osborn, JW1
Kunz, TH1
Scott, M1
Ittner, LM1
Fischer, JA1
Born, W1
Vogel, J1
Lizardo, JH1
Silveira, EA1
Vassallo, DV1
Oliveira, EM1
Teranishi, Y2
Iriuchijima, J1
Savci, V1
Ulus, IH1
Dunbar, JC1
O'Leary, DS1
Wang, G1
Wright-Richey, J1
Ullman, J1
Diéguez, G1
Fernández, N1
Sánchez, MA1
Martínez, MA1
García-Villalón, AL1
Monge, L1
Gómez, B1
Iida, N1
Ishioka, N1
Sugino, H1
Amano, T1
Abdel-Rahman, AA1
Carroll, RG1
el-Mas, MM1
Kubo, T1
Kihara, M1
Misu, Y1
Chen, BB1
Nyhan, DP1
Goll, HM1
Clougherty, PW1
Fehr, DM1
Murray, PA1

Other Studies

53 other studies available for hexamethonium and Blood Pressure, Low

ArticleYear
Antiadrenergic and hemodynamic effects of ranolazine in conscious dogs.
    Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2011, Volume: 57, Issue:6

    Topics: Acetanilides; Adrenergic Antagonists; Animals; Autonomic Agents; Coronary Circulation; Dogs; Dose-Re

2011
Mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular responses to spinal dopamine receptor stimulation by apomorphine in anesthetized rats.
    Neuroscience letters, 2003, Jan-02, Volume: 335, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenalectomy; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Apomorphine; Atenolol;

2003
Combined use of hexamethonium bromide and procaine amide in controlled hypotension; a preliminary report.
    British medical journal, 1953, Jan-31, Volume: 1, Issue:4804

    Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Hypotension, Controlled; Muscle Relaxants, Centra

1953
Controlled hypotension in neurosurgery with hexamethonium and procaine amide.
    British medical journal, 1953, May-02, Volume: 1, Issue:4817

    Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Hypotension, Controlled; Muscle Relaxants, Centra

1953
[Utilization of certain ganglion blocking agents and results of their use in neurosurgery; hexamethonium, C-9295].
    La Pathologie generale, 1952, Volume: 52, Issue:642

    Topics: Ganglionic Blockers; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Neurosurgery; Neurosurgi

1952
A critical evaluation of the hypotensive asction of hydrallazine, hexamethonium, tetraethylammonium and dibenzyline salts in human and experimental hypertension.
    Circulation, 1953, Volume: 8, Issue:2

    Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Hexamethonium; Hydralazine; Hypertension; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Cent

1953
[Controlled hypotension with depressin and pendiomide].
    Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1953, Mar-07, Volume: 103, Issue:10

    Topics: Autonomic Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Hypotension, Controlled; Muscle

1953
Clinical and investigational experiences with hypotension induced by hexamethonium bromide.
    New York state journal of medicine, 1953, Sep-01, Volume: 53, Issue:17-1

    Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Hexamethonium; Humans; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central

1953
[Influence of cortisone on hexamethonium hypotension].
    Reumatismo, 1953, Volume: 5, Issue:Suppl. 2

    Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Cortisone; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central

1953
[Effect of cortisone on hypotension caused by hexamethonium].
    Folia cardiologica, 1953, Aug-31, Volume: 12, Issue:4

    Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Cortisone; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Rheumatic D

1953
Hypotension induced with hexamethonium bromide during anaesthesia.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1954, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthesia; Hexamethonium; Humans; Hypotension; Hypotension, Controlled; Muscle Relaxants, Central

1954
Heart force responses to pressor amines during hypotension produced by hexamethonium.
    Anesthesiology, 1954, Volume: 15, Issue:2

    Topics: Amines; Heart; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Sympathomimetics; Vasoconstrictor Agents

1954
Prolonged hypotensive reaction to hexamethonium.
    Journal of the American Medical Association, 1954, Mar-27, Volume: 154, Issue:13

    Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central

1954
[Cardiac catheterization studies in severe hexamethonium-induced hypotension].
    Klinische Wochenschrift, 1954, Feb-01, Volume: 32, Issue:5-6

    Topics: Cardiac Catheterization; Heart; Hexamethonium; Humans; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central

1954
Reactions of the cat pial circulation to hypotensive states induced by hexamethonium bromide.
    A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry, 1954, Volume: 71, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Cats; Felis; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Pia Mater

1954
Cerebral hemodynamics during controlled hypotension induced by the continuous infusion of ganglionic blocking agents (hexamethonium, pendiomide and arfonad).
    The Journal of clinical investigation, 1954, Volume: 33, Issue:8

    Topics: Autonomic Agents; Brain; Ganglionic Blockers; Hemodynamics; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Hypotension,

1954
[Hexamethonium in neurosurgery and neurology].
    Rivista di patologia nervosa e mentale, 1954, Volume: 75, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia; Anesthesia and Analgesia; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Hexamethonium; Hypotension;

1954
The effect of hexamethonium-induced hypotension on water and electrolyte excretion in man.
    Surgical forum, 1953, Volume: 4

    Topics: Body Fluids; Cardiovascular Agents; Electrolytes; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Cent

1953
Physiologic alterations associated with hexamethonium-induced hypotension.
    Anesthesiology, 1954, Volume: 15, Issue:5

    Topics: Blood Circulation; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Hexamethonium; Hypot

1954
Blood pressure reduction in arterial hypertension by hexamethonium and pentapyrrolidinium salts.
    The American journal of medicine, 1954, Volume: 17, Issue:6

    Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Agents; Hexamethonium; Hypertension; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, C

1954
Renal function during controlled hypotension with hexamethonium and following norepinephrine.
    Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics, 1955, Volume: 100, Issue:1

    Topics: Hexamethonium; Humans; Hypotension; Hypotension, Controlled; Kidney; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Nore

1955
Hexamethonium-induced hypotension.
    Minnesota medicine, 1955, Volume: 38, Issue:8

    Topics: Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Minnesota; Muscle Relaxants, Central

1955
[Vectorcardiographic studies in hypertensive patients with massive blood pressure reduction by hexamethonium; contribution to the theory of ventricular gradients].
    Cardiologia, 1955, Volume: 27, Issue:3

    Topics: Blood Pressure; Hexamethonium; Humans; Hypertension; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Vectorc

1955
Induced hypotension in orthopaedic surgery; hexamethonium bromide (C6) in 407 orthopaedic operations.
    The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 1956, Volume: 38-B, Issue:4

    Topics: Hexamethonium; Humans; Hypotension; Hypotension, Controlled; Orthopedic Procedures; Orthopedics

1956
Induced hypotension in orthopaedic surgery; hexamethonium bromide (C6) in 407 orthopaedic operations.
    The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 1956, Volume: 38-B, Issue:4

    Topics: Hexamethonium; Humans; Hypotension; Hypotension, Controlled; Orthopedic Procedures; Orthopedics

1956
Induced hypotension in orthopaedic surgery; hexamethonium bromide (C6) in 407 orthopaedic operations.
    The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 1956, Volume: 38-B, Issue:4

    Topics: Hexamethonium; Humans; Hypotension; Hypotension, Controlled; Orthopedic Procedures; Orthopedics

1956
Induced hypotension in orthopaedic surgery; hexamethonium bromide (C6) in 407 orthopaedic operations.
    The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 1956, Volume: 38-B, Issue:4

    Topics: Hexamethonium; Humans; Hypotension; Hypotension, Controlled; Orthopedic Procedures; Orthopedics

1956
Controlled hypotension; the use of an adrenergic blocking agent to supplement hexamethonium.
    Anaesthesia, 1957, Volume: 12, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic Antagonists; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Humans; Hypotension; Hypotension, Co

1957
Controlled hypotension; the use of an adrenergic blocking agent to supplement hexamethonium.
    Anaesthesia, 1957, Volume: 12, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic Antagonists; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Humans; Hypotension; Hypotension, Co

1957
Controlled hypotension; the use of an adrenergic blocking agent to supplement hexamethonium.
    Anaesthesia, 1957, Volume: 12, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic Antagonists; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Humans; Hypotension; Hypotension, Co

1957
Controlled hypotension; the use of an adrenergic blocking agent to supplement hexamethonium.
    Anaesthesia, 1957, Volume: 12, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic Antagonists; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Humans; Hypotension; Hypotension, Co

1957
[Role of the carotid sinus in hypotension caused by the central action of hexamethonium].
    Archivio italiano di scienze farmacologiche, 1957, Volume: 7, Issue:3

    Topics: Carotid Sinus; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Humans; Hypotension

1957
Bloodless operating field in middle-ear surgery. Review of 138 cases of induced hypotension with hexamethonium bromide (C6).
    The Journal of laryngology and otology, 1961, Volume: 75

    Topics: Ear, Middle; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Humans; Hypotension; Hypotension, Controlled; O

1961
[HEXONIUM THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH PEPTIC ULCER].
    Meditsinskii zhurnal Uzbekistana, 1963, Volume: 9

    Topics: Blood Pressure Determination; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Humans; Hypotension; Peptic Ul

1963
The effect on cerebral circulation and metabolism in man of acute reduction in blood pressure by means of intravenous hexamethonium bromide and head-up tilt.
    Anesthesiology, 1955, Volume: 16, Issue:2

    Topics: Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Hexamethonium; Hum

1955
Effect of controlled hypotension with pendiomid (as used in surgery) on renal hemodynamics and water and electrolyte excretion: a comparison with hexamethonium and arfonad and the effect of norepinephrine on these responses.
    Anesthesiology, 1955, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Autonomic Agents; Electrolytes; Hemodynamics; Hexamethonium; Humans; Hypotension; Hypotension, Contr

1955
Some circulatory aspects of induced hypotension with hexamethonium.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1955, Volume: 27, Issue:5

    Topics: Blood Circulation; Cardiovascular Agents; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central

1955
The investigation of cerebral blood flow during anaesthesia with hypotension induced by the use of hexamethonium bromide and posture.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1955, Volume: 27, Issue:5

    Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesiology; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Hexamethonium; Hibernation; Humans;

1955
[Ganglion blocking and artificial hypotension with hexamethonium in thyroid gland surgery].
    Bruns' Beitrage zur klinischen Chirurgie, 1955, Volume: 190, Issue:2

    Topics: Autonomic Agents; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Parathyroid Glands; Thyroid

1955
[Diverse effect of hydrochlorothiazide in relation to the hypotensive activity of reserpine, rescinnamine, syrosingopine, 1, 4-dihydrazino-phthlazine (alone or associated with reserpine), hexamethonium and guanethidine].
    Archivio italiano di scienze farmacologiche, 1961, Volume: 11

    Topics: Alkaloids; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Chlorothiazide; Gu

1961
[Three cases of hypotension controlled by hexamethonium in neurosurgery].
    Gazette medicale de France, 1952, Volume: 59, Issue:3

    Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Neurosurgery; Neurosur

1952
Involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the reversal of critical haemorrhagic hypotension by endogenous central histamine in rats.
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2004, Volume: 369, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Atropine Derivatives; Blood Pres

2004
Medicinal plants in Suriname: hypotensive effect of Gossypium barbadense.
    The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2004, Volume: 56, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Gossypium; Guinea Pigs; Hexamet

2004
[Weight method of evaluation of surgical hemorrhage systematic utilization of hexamethonium salts in pulmonary surgery].
    Anesthesie et analgesie, 1952, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Blood Loss, Surgical; Body Weights and Measures; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Lung; Muscle Relaxants,

1952
[First results of the use of hexamethonium in heart surgery].
    Anesthesie et analgesie, 1952, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Hemorrhage; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Thor

1952
[Hexamethonium in neurosurgery].
    Anesthesie et analgesie, 1952, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Hemorrhage; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Neurosurgery; Neurosurgical Proce

1952
[Use of hexamethonium in digestive surgery with open thorax].
    Anesthesie et analgesie, 1952, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Gastrointestinal Tract; Hemorrhage; Hexamethonium; Hypotension; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Thorax

1952
Role of a responsive sympathetic nervous system in the chronic hypotensive effects of losartan in normal rats.
    Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2005, Volume: 46, Issue:2

    Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Ganglionic Blocke

2005
Calcitonin gene-related peptide-evoked sustained tachycardia in calcitonin receptor-like receptor transgenic mice is mediated by sympathetic activity.
    American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2007, Volume: 293, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adrenomedullin; Animals; Blood Pressure; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptid

2007
Post-resistance exercise hypotension in spontaneously hypertensive rats is mediated by nitric oxide.
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 2008, Volume: 35, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Hexamethonium; Hypertension; Hypotension; Male; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Est

2008
Hindquarter vascular resistance as compensator for hypotension in conscious rats.
    The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 1994, Volume: 173, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Consciousness; Ganglia; Hexamethonium; Hindlimb; Hypotension; Male; Mesenteric Artery, Supe

1994
Central choline reverses hypotension caused by alpha-adrenoceptor or ganglion blockade in rats: the role of vasopressin.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1996, Sep-12, Volume: 311, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blood Pres

1996
Mechanisms mediating insulin-induced hypotension in rats. A role for nitric oxide and autonomic mediators.
    Acta diabetologica, 1996, Volume: 33, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Atenolol; Atropine; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Glucose; Blood

1996
Vasopressin and angiotensin II in blood pressure control during isoflurane anesthesia in rats.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1999, Volume: 43, Issue:8

    Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Angiotensin II; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhib

1999
Role of nitric oxide in the cerebral circulation during hypotension after hemorrhage, ganglionic blockade and diazoxide in awake goats.
    Brain research, 1999, Dec-18, Volume: 851, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Diazoxide; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Ganglion

1999
Is compensatory vasoconstrictor tone in the hindquarter vascular region induced by hemorrhage in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats?
    Japanese journal of pharmacology, 2001, Volume: 85, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Consciousness; Ganglionic Blockers;

2001
Role of the sympathetic nervous system in the alcohol-guanabenz hemodynamic interaction.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 1992, Volume: 70, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;

1992
Hypotension decreases GABA levels in brainstem regions of the rat.
    Clinical and experimental hypertension. Part A, Theory and practice, 1990, Volume: 12, Issue:3

    Topics: Alanine; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain Stem; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglionic Blockers; Glycine;

1990
Pentobarbital anesthesia modifies pulmonary vasoregulation after hypoperfusion.
    The American journal of physiology, 1988, Volume: 255, Issue:3 Pt 2

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Anesthesia, General; Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Outpu

1988