heroin and Abnormalities--Drug-Induced

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Cannabis; Cocaine; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Radiation, Ionizing; Risk Factors; Smoking

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Amphetamine; Cannabinoids; Cocaine; Female; Fetus; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methadone; Pregnancy; Psychotropic Drugs; Teratogens

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Fetal Growth Retardation; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Methadone; Nasopharynx; Phencyclidine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Dronabinol; Drug Evaluation; Ethanol; Female; Heroin; Hormones; Hot Temperature; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Registries; Teratogens; Trimethadione; Warfarin; X-Rays

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Cannabis; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Cytogenetics; Heroin; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Mutagens; Substance-Related Disorders

A major objective in identifying the mechanisms underlying neurobehavioral teratogenicity in an animal model is the possibility of designing therapies that reverse or offset teratogen-induced neural damage. In our previous studies, we identified deficits in hippocampal muscarinic cholinergic receptor-induced translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) gamma as the likely central factor responsible for the adverse behavioral effects of pre-natal heroin exposure. Neural progenitors (NP) have the ability to recover behavioral deficits after focal hippocampal damage. Therefore, we explored whether behavioral and synaptic defects could be reversed in adulthood by neural progenitor grafting. Pregnant mice were injected daily with 10 mg/kg of heroin on gestational days 9-18. In adulthood, offspring showed deficits in the Morris maze, a behavior dependent on the integrity of septohippocampal cholinergic synaptic function, along with the loss of the PKCgamma and PKCbetaII responses to cholinergic stimulation. Mice that were exposed pre-natally to heroin and vehicle control mice were then grafted in adulthood with NP. Importantly, most grafted cells differentiated to astrocytes. NP reversed the behavioral deficits (p = 0.0043) and restored the normal response of hippocampal PKCgamma and PKCbetaII (p = 0.0337 and p = 0.0265 respectively) to cholinergic receptor stimulation. The effects were specific as the PKCalpha isoform, which is unrelated to the behavioral deficits, showed almost no changes. Neural progenitor grafting thus offers an animal model for reversing neurobehavioral deficits originating in septohippocampal cholinergic defects elicited by pre-natal exposure to insults.

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Heroin; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Narcotics; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Isoforms; Protein Kinase C; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells

In the present investigation we were interested to study the possible role of in-utero exposure to heroin and of the home environmental in the etiology of long-term developmental problems in children born to heroin-dependent parents in comparison to matched controls. The children were examined at .5-6 years of age by a developmental pediatrician and a developmental psychologist using, for the children up to 2.5 years of age, the Bayley Developmental Scales, and for children aged 3-6 years the McCarthy Scales for Children's Abilities. We examined 83 children born to heroin-dependent mothers, and compared the results to those of 76 children born to heroin-dependent fathers and to three control groups; 50 children with environmental deprivation, 50 normal children from families of moderate or high socioeconomic class, without environmental deprivation, and 80 healthy children from kindergartens in Jerusalem. There were five children (6.0%) with significant neurological damage among the children born to heroin-dependent mothers and six (7.9%) children among those born to heroin-dependent fathers. The children born to heroin-dependent mothers had a lower birth weight and a lower head circumference at examination when compared to controls. The children born to heroin-dependent parents also had a high incidence of hyperactivity, inattention, and behavioral problems. The lowest DQ or IQ among the children with cognitive levels above 70 was found in the children with environmental deprivation, next was the DQ or IQ of children born to heroin-dependent fathers, then the DQ or IQ of the children born to heroin-dependent mothers. When the children born to heroin-dependent mothers were divided to those that were adopted at a very young age and to those raised at home, the adopted children were found to function similarly to the controls while those not adopted functioned significantly lower. Our results show that the developmental delay and behavioral disorders observed among children born to drug-dependent parents raised at home may primarily result from severe environmental deprivation and the fact that one or both parents are addicted. The specific role of the in-utero heroin exposure in the determination of the developmental outcome of these children (if they do not have significant neurological damage), seems to be less important in comparison to the home environment.

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Birth Weight; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child of Impaired Parents; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Family Health; Fathers; Female; Growth; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Israel; Male; Mothers; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Psychosocial Deprivation; Sex Ratio; Social Class

Topics: Abdomen; Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Biliary Atresia; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Female; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestines; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Methadone; Portoenterostomy, Hepatic; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography

Diamorphine hydrochloride, methadone hydrochloride, and the synthetic enkephalin analogue FK 33-824 are potent teratogens for the central nervous system in mouse embryos. They induce the "neurotropic syndrome of malformations," which is restricted to the central nervous system if administered during the critical period of neural tube closure. Pretreatment with corresponding equimolecular doses of the antagonist naloxone hydrochloride applied 30 minutes before treatment with the opiate agonists abolishes the major severe malformations, i.e., exencephaly, craniorachischisis, and brachyury, and reduces the number of cases of kinking of the spinal cord. Dilation of the fourth brain ventricle remains unaffected. It is suggested that the mechanism of interference in the teratogenicity of the opiates by naloxone hydrochloride reported here is based on competition for opiate receptors. In general, these observations are regarded as evidence that the pharmacological affinity of opiate agonists to receptors in the central nervous system is responsible for the malformations caused by them in this system.

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Animals; Central Nervous System; D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Met(0)-ol-enkephalin; Female; Heroin; Methadone; Mice; Naloxone; Pregnancy; Receptors, Opioid

A group of 13 babies born to heroin-addict mothers has been studied in our Department during the last three years. Authors have recorded clinical features like neonatal abstinence syndrome, malformations, intrauterine growth, maternal age, gestational duration and delivery. They discuss different types of malformations and withdrawal symptoms, and make a comparative study with normal newborns of our hospital.

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Amphetamines; Female; Fetus; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Age Factors; Barbiturates; Camphor; Chlorpromazine; Codeine; Diazepam; Female; Fetus; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Maternal Age; Methadone; Opium; Phenobarbital; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Fetus; Gestational Age; Heroin; Humans; Infant Mortality; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Cocaine; Female; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Karyotyping; Pregnancy; Substance-Related Disorders; Toes; Turner Syndrome

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Female; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders