guaiacol has been researched along with Inflammation in 32 studies
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747)
methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.
guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.
Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.
Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
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" In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of ginger and its component zingerone in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute systemic inflammation in mice via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) bioluminescent imaging." | 7.81 | Ginger and Zingerone Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Systemic Inflammation in Mice, Assessed by Nuclear Factor-κB Bioluminescent Imaging. ( Cheng, HM; Chou, PC; Ho, TY; Hsiang, CY; Lee, YC; Li, CC; Lo, HY, 2015) |
" Keeping this in mind, the present study was planned to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of zingerone (active compound of zingiber officinale) against liver inflammation induced by antibiotic mediated endotoxemia." | 7.80 | Zingerone suppresses liver inflammation induced by antibiotic mediated endotoxemia through down regulating hepatic mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritonitis mouse model. ( Chhibber, S; Harjai, K; Kumar, L, 2014) |
" Its dose must be commonly monitored according to pain status and to alleviate the appearance of any adverse effects such as renal cellular damage during its excretion." | 5.72 | 10-Dehydrogingerdione Attenuates Tramadol-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Modulating Renal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Experimental Rats: Role of HO-1 Activation and TLR4/NF-κB/ERK Inhibition. ( Al-Gabri, NA; Alnomasy, SF; Althafar, ZM; Elkomy, NMIM; Elnagar, GM; Elseweidy, MM; Mahmoud, YK; Shawky, M, 2022) |
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a glycopeptide antibiotic widely used to treat serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and has been associated with some severe side effects such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity." | 5.56 | Zingerone attenuates vancomycin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats through regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. ( Ayna, A; Caglayan, C; Darendelioğlu, E; Kandemir, FM; Kucukler, S; Yıldırım, S, 2020) |
"The treatment with zingerone markedly abrogated ROS levels, inhibited the NF-кB activation and considerably reduced level of other downstream inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), furthermore, zingerone treatment improved renal functioning by significantly decreasing the levels of kidney toxicity markers KIM-1, BUN, creatinine, and LDH and suppressed TGF-β." | 5.51 | Zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)butan-2-one) ameliorates renal function via controlling oxidative burst and inflammation in experimental diabetic nephropathy. ( Ahmad, B; Ahmad, SB; Bhat, SA; Ganaie, MA; Madkhali, H; Majid, S; Rashid, SM; Rasool, S; Rehman, MU; Shakeel, S, 2019) |
" Nephrotoxicity is the most common limiting side effect of cisplatin use." | 5.48 | Protective effects of zingerone on oxidative stress and inflammation in cisplatin-induced rat nephrotoxicity. ( Alibakhshi, T; Khodayar, MJ; Khorsandi, L; Rashno, M; Zeidooni, L, 2018) |
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a glycopeptidic broad-spectrum antibiotic against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, though it has some adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity, that limit its usefulness." | 5.48 | Therapeutic efficacy of zingerone against vancomycin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and aquaporin 1 permeability in rat kidney. ( Caglayan, C; Dortbudak, MB; Kandemir, FM; Kucukler, S; Mahamadu, A; Yildirim, S, 2018) |
" In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of ginger and its component zingerone in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute systemic inflammation in mice via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) bioluminescent imaging." | 3.81 | Ginger and Zingerone Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Systemic Inflammation in Mice, Assessed by Nuclear Factor-κB Bioluminescent Imaging. ( Cheng, HM; Chou, PC; Ho, TY; Hsiang, CY; Lee, YC; Li, CC; Lo, HY, 2015) |
" Keeping this in mind, the present study was planned to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of zingerone (active compound of zingiber officinale) against liver inflammation induced by antibiotic mediated endotoxemia." | 3.80 | Zingerone suppresses liver inflammation induced by antibiotic mediated endotoxemia through down regulating hepatic mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritonitis mouse model. ( Chhibber, S; Harjai, K; Kumar, L, 2014) |
" Its dose must be commonly monitored according to pain status and to alleviate the appearance of any adverse effects such as renal cellular damage during its excretion." | 1.72 | 10-Dehydrogingerdione Attenuates Tramadol-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Modulating Renal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Experimental Rats: Role of HO-1 Activation and TLR4/NF-κB/ERK Inhibition. ( Al-Gabri, NA; Alnomasy, SF; Althafar, ZM; Elkomy, NMIM; Elnagar, GM; Elseweidy, MM; Mahmoud, YK; Shawky, M, 2022) |
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a glycopeptide antibiotic widely used to treat serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and has been associated with some severe side effects such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity." | 1.56 | Zingerone attenuates vancomycin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats through regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. ( Ayna, A; Caglayan, C; Darendelioğlu, E; Kandemir, FM; Kucukler, S; Yıldırım, S, 2020) |
"The treatment with zingerone markedly abrogated ROS levels, inhibited the NF-кB activation and considerably reduced level of other downstream inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), furthermore, zingerone treatment improved renal functioning by significantly decreasing the levels of kidney toxicity markers KIM-1, BUN, creatinine, and LDH and suppressed TGF-β." | 1.51 | Zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)butan-2-one) ameliorates renal function via controlling oxidative burst and inflammation in experimental diabetic nephropathy. ( Ahmad, B; Ahmad, SB; Bhat, SA; Ganaie, MA; Madkhali, H; Majid, S; Rashid, SM; Rasool, S; Rehman, MU; Shakeel, S, 2019) |
"Zingerone is a stable active component derived from dry ginger rhizome." | 1.48 | Zingerone attenuates diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4. ( Bao, Y; Cui, Y; Hua, Q; Liu, Y; Shi, Y; Wang, S, 2018) |
" Nephrotoxicity is the most common limiting side effect of cisplatin use." | 1.48 | Protective effects of zingerone on oxidative stress and inflammation in cisplatin-induced rat nephrotoxicity. ( Alibakhshi, T; Khodayar, MJ; Khorsandi, L; Rashno, M; Zeidooni, L, 2018) |
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a glycopeptidic broad-spectrum antibiotic against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, though it has some adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity, that limit its usefulness." | 1.48 | Therapeutic efficacy of zingerone against vancomycin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and aquaporin 1 permeability in rat kidney. ( Caglayan, C; Dortbudak, MB; Kandemir, FM; Kucukler, S; Mahamadu, A; Yildirim, S, 2018) |
"MMPP treatment reduced LPS-induced memory loss." | 1.46 | (E)-2-Methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) Phenol Ameliorates LPS-Mediated Memory Impairment by Inhibition of STAT3 Pathway. ( Choi, DY; Choi, JY; Gu, SM; Han, SB; Hong, JT; Hwang, CJ; Lee, DY; Lee, HP; Oh, KW, 2017) |
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 2 (6.25) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 2 (6.25) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 20 (62.50) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 8 (25.00) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
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Epifano, F | 1 |
Genovese, S | 1 |
Sosa, S | 1 |
Tubaro, A | 1 |
Curini, M | 1 |
Saunders, MJ | 1 |
Edwards, BS | 1 |
Zhu, J | 1 |
Sklar, LA | 1 |
Graves, SW | 1 |
Elnagar, GM | 1 |
Elseweidy, MM | 3 |
Mahmoud, YK | 1 |
Elkomy, NMIM | 1 |
Althafar, ZM | 1 |
Alnomasy, SF | 1 |
Al-Gabri, NA | 1 |
Shawky, M | 1 |
Ullah, MA | 1 |
Johora, FT | 1 |
Sarkar, B | 1 |
Araf, Y | 1 |
Rahman, MH | 1 |
Xue, YR | 1 |
Yao, S | 1 |
Liu, Q | 1 |
Peng, ZL | 1 |
Deng, QQ | 1 |
Liu, B | 1 |
Ma, ZH | 1 |
Wang, L | 1 |
Zhou, H | 1 |
Ye, Y | 1 |
Pan, GY | 1 |
Türk, E | 1 |
Güvenç, M | 1 |
Cellat, M | 1 |
Uyar, A | 1 |
Kuzu, M | 1 |
Ağgül, AG | 1 |
Kırbaş, A | 1 |
Kucukler, S | 4 |
Darendelioğlu, E | 1 |
Caglayan, C | 4 |
Ayna, A | 1 |
Yıldırım, S | 4 |
Kandemir, FM | 4 |
Sharma, K | 1 |
Bose, SK | 1 |
Chhibber, S | 2 |
Harjai, K | 2 |
Wali, AF | 1 |
Rehman, MU | 2 |
Raish, M | 1 |
Kazi, M | 1 |
Rao, PGM | 1 |
Alnemer, O | 1 |
Ahmad, P | 1 |
Ahmad, A | 1 |
Weng, WT | 1 |
Kuo, PC | 1 |
Brown, DA | 1 |
Scofield, BA | 1 |
Furnas, D | 1 |
Paraiso, HC | 1 |
Wang, PY | 1 |
Yu, IC | 1 |
Yen, JH | 1 |
Choi, JY | 1 |
Hwang, CJ | 1 |
Lee, DY | 1 |
Gu, SM | 1 |
Lee, HP | 1 |
Choi, DY | 1 |
Oh, KW | 1 |
Han, SB | 2 |
Hong, JT | 1 |
Lee, J | 3 |
Oh, SW | 1 |
Shin, SW | 1 |
Lee, KW | 1 |
Cho, JY | 1 |
El-Bassossy, HM | 1 |
Al-Thubiani, WS | 1 |
Elberry, AA | 1 |
Mujallid, MI | 1 |
Ghareib, SA | 1 |
Azhar, AS | 1 |
Banjar, ZM | 1 |
Watson, ML | 1 |
Cui, Y | 1 |
Shi, Y | 1 |
Bao, Y | 1 |
Wang, S | 1 |
Hua, Q | 1 |
Liu, Y | 1 |
Rashid, SM | 1 |
Rasool, S | 1 |
Shakeel, S | 1 |
Ahmad, B | 1 |
Ahmad, SB | 1 |
Madkhali, H | 1 |
Ganaie, MA | 1 |
Majid, S | 1 |
Bhat, SA | 1 |
Kaygusuzoglu, E | 1 |
Kılınc, MA | 1 |
Saglam, YS | 1 |
Alibakhshi, T | 1 |
Khodayar, MJ | 1 |
Khorsandi, L | 1 |
Rashno, M | 1 |
Zeidooni, L | 1 |
Mahamadu, A | 1 |
Dortbudak, MB | 1 |
Zhao, DR | 1 |
Jiang, YS | 1 |
Sun, JY | 1 |
Li, HH | 1 |
Luo, XL | 1 |
Zhao, MM | 1 |
Eser, G | 1 |
Liu, C | 1 |
Wu, QQ | 1 |
Cai, ZL | 1 |
Xie, SY | 1 |
Duan, MX | 1 |
Xie, QW | 1 |
Yuan, Y | 1 |
Deng, W | 1 |
Tang, QZ | 1 |
Belcher, JD | 1 |
Young, M | 1 |
Chen, C | 1 |
Nguyen, J | 1 |
Burhop, K | 1 |
Tran, P | 1 |
Vercellotti, GM | 1 |
Abdallah, FR | 1 |
Younis, NN | 2 |
Aldohmy, S | 1 |
Kassem, HM | 1 |
Kumar, L | 1 |
Hsiang, CY | 1 |
Cheng, HM | 1 |
Lo, HY | 1 |
Li, CC | 1 |
Chou, PC | 1 |
Lee, YC | 1 |
Ho, TY | 1 |
Zaghloul, MS | 1 |
Kim, MK | 1 |
Chung, SW | 1 |
Kim, DH | 1 |
Kim, JM | 1 |
Lee, EK | 1 |
Kim, JY | 1 |
Ha, YM | 1 |
Kim, YH | 1 |
No, JK | 1 |
Chung, HS | 1 |
Park, KY | 1 |
Rhee, SH | 1 |
Choi, JS | 1 |
Yu, BP | 1 |
Yokozawa, T | 1 |
Kim, YJ | 1 |
Chung, HY | 1 |
Sung, HY | 1 |
Jun, JG | 1 |
Kang, SW | 1 |
Kim, HS | 1 |
Shin, D | 1 |
Kang, IJ | 1 |
Kang, YH | 1 |
Park, SH | 1 |
Kyeong, MS | 1 |
Hwang, Y | 1 |
Ryu, SY | 1 |
Kim, Y | 1 |
Chun, KS | 1 |
Park, KK | 1 |
Kang, M | 1 |
Surh, YJ | 1 |
LURASCHI, C | 1 |
Porto, E | 1 |
Moretti, J | 1 |
Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
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A Phase 2 Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Comparator-Controlled Dose Finding Study to Evaluate MP4CO for the Acute Treatment of Vaso-occlusive Crises in Subjects With Sickle Cell Disease[NCT01925001] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-10-31 | Withdrawn (stopped due to Sangart ceased operations) | ||
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] |
32 other studies available for guaiacol and Inflammation
Article | Year |
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Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of 3-(4'-geranyloxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-trans propenoic acid and its ester derivatives.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Diterpenes; Esters; Inflammation; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2007 |
Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
Topics: Animals; Biotinylation; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Green Fluorescent Pr | 2010 |
10-Dehydrogingerdione Attenuates Tramadol-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Modulating Renal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Experimental Rats: Role of HO-1 Activation and TLR4/NF-κB/ERK Inhibition.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Guaiacol; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); Inflammation; Kidney; Kidn | 2022 |
Curcumin analogs as the inhibitors of TLR4 pathway in inflammation and their drug like potentialities: a computer-based study.
Topics: Catechols; Computational Chemistry; Curcumin; Cyclooxygenase 2; Diarylheptanoids; Fatty Alcohols; Gu | 2020 |
Dihydro-stilbene gigantol relieves CCl
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Bibenzyls; Carbon Tetrachlori | 2020 |
Zingerone protects liver and kidney tissues by preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in methotrexate-treated rats.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Caspase 3; Guaiacol; Inflammation; Kidney; Liver; Methotrexate; Ox | 2022 |
Zingerone attenuates vancomycin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats through regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cyclooxygenase 2; Gua | 2020 |
Exploring the Therapeutic Efficacy of Zingerone Nanoparticles in Treating Biofilm-Associated Pyelonephritis Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Murine Model.
Topics: Animals; Biofilms; Disease Models, Animal; Guaiacol; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Malondialde | 2020 |
Zingerone [4-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2] Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Protects Rats from Sepsis Associated Multi Organ Damage.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cytokines; Guaiacol; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Multiple Organ Fa | 2020 |
4-Ethylguaiacol modulates neuroinflammation and Th1/Th17 differentiation to ameliorate disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Differentiation; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental | 2021 |
(E)-2-Methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) Phenol Ameliorates LPS-Mediated Memory Impairment by Inhibition of STAT3 Pathway.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Animals; Astrocytes; Avoidance Learning | 2017 |
Zingerone protects keratinocyte stem cells from UVB-induced damage.
Topics: Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Gene Expression Regulation; Guaiacol | 2018 |
Zingerone alleviates the delayed ventricular repolarization and AV conduction in diabetes: Effect on cardiac fibrosis and inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Electrocardiography; Fibrosis; Guaiacol; He | 2017 |
Zingerone attenuates diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4.
Topics: Animals; Cell Death; Collagen Type IV; Diabetic Nephropathies; Down-Regulation; Fibronectins; Glucos | 2018 |
Zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)butan-2-one) ameliorates renal function via controlling oxidative burst and inflammation in experimental diabetic nephropathy.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diet, High-Fat; Gen | 2019 |
Zingerone ameliorates cisplatin-induced ovarian and uterine toxicity via suppression of sex hormone imbalances, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in female wistar rats.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Caspase 3; Catalase; Cisplatin; Cyclo | 2018 |
Protective effects of zingerone on oxidative stress and inflammation in cisplatin-induced rat nephrotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Body Weight; Cisplatin; Creatinine; Glutathione; Guaiacol; Inflammatio | 2018 |
Therapeutic efficacy of zingerone against vancomycin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and aquaporin 1 permeability in rat kidney.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Apoptosis; Aquaporin 1; Guaiacol; Inflammation; Kidney; Male; Methic | 2018 |
Anti-inflammatory Mechanism Involved in 4-Ethylguaiacol-Mediated Inhibition of LPS-Induced Inflammation in THP-1 Cells.
Topics: Alcoholic Beverages; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Guaiacol; Humans; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; | 2019 |
Protective effects of zingerone on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in female rats.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Catal | 2019 |
Zingerone attenuates aortic banding-induced cardiac remodelling via activating the eNOS/Nrf2 pathway.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Aorta; Cardiomegaly; Cells, Cultured; Fibrosis; Gua | 2019 |
MP4CO, a pegylated hemoglobin saturated with carbon monoxide, is a modulator of HO-1, inflammation, and vaso-occlusion in transgenic sickle mice.
Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Animals; Carbon Monoxide; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Guaiacol; Heme Oxygen | 2013 |
10-Dehydrogingerdione raises HDL-cholesterol through a CETP inhibition and wards off oxidation and inflammation in dyslipidemic rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Atorvastatin; C-Reactive Protein; Cell Proliferation; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; | 2013 |
Zingerone suppresses liver inflammation induced by antibiotic mediated endotoxemia through down regulating hepatic mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritonitis mouse model.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Endotoxemia; Endotoxins; Gene Expression Reg | 2014 |
Ginger and Zingerone Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Systemic Inflammation in Mice, Assessed by Nuclear Factor-κB Bioluminescent Imaging.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Female; Guaiacol; Humans; Inflammation; Interleuki | 2015 |
10-DHGD ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Topics: Animals; Cisplatin; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Fibrosis; Guaiacol; Hepa | 2016 |
Modulation of age-related NF-kappaB activation by dietary zingerone via MAPK pathway.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Blotting, Western; Caloric Restriction; Guai | 2010 |
Novel Danshen methoxybenzo[b]furan derivative antagonizing adipogenic differentiation and production of inflammatory adipokines.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Adipokines; Animals; Benzene; Benzofurans; CCAAT-Enhancer-Bi | 2010 |
Inhibition of LPS binding to MD-2 co-receptor for suppressing TLR4-mediated expression of inflammatory cytokine by 1-dehydro-10-gingerdione from dietary ginger.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; Animals; Cytokines; Diet; Gene Expression; Guaiacol; Inflamma | 2012 |
Inhibition of mouse skin tumor promotion by anti-inflammatory diarylheptanoids derived from Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel (Zingiberaceae).
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Curcumin; Diarylheptanoids; Edema; Guaiacol; Infla | 2002 |
[ENZYME-BALSAM MEDICATION IN THE TREATMENT OF PELVIC INFLAMMATION].
Topics: Balsams; Chymotrypsin; Female; Guaiacol; Gynecology; Humans; Inflammation; Pancreatic Extracts; Pelv | 1963 |
[Disturbance of the determination of haptoglobin in the serum of sheep during inflammatory reaction].
Topics: Animals; Chemical Precipitation; Guaiacol; Haptoglobins; Inflammation; Kinetics; Methods; Potassium | 1971 |