griseofulvin and Cat-Diseases

The recent literature on the treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats was reviewed. Based upon in vitro studies using isolated infected hairs and controlled or field in vivo studies, the following topical treatments were consistently found to be antifungal (i.e. antidermatophyte): lime sulfur (1:16), 0.2% enilconazole rinses, and a combined 2% miconazole/chlorhexidine shampoo. Animals or hairs were either bathed or rinsed once or twice weekly. Itraconazole, griseofulvin and terbinafine were evaluated in controlled or field studies, most commonly involving cats. Griseofulvin (50 mg kg(-1)) was reported to cure infected animals in 41-70 days. Itraconazole (10 mg kg(-1) once daily or in a combined daily/pulse therapy 10 mg kg(-1) once daily for 28 days and then week on/week off) was reported to cure infected animals in 56-70 days. Low-dose itraconazole (1.5-3.0 mg kg(-1)) in 15-day cycles required 1-3 cycles (15-45 days). Various doses of terbinafine (5-40 mg kg(-1)) were reportedly used to treat dogs or cats. The higher doses of terbinafine (> 20 mg kg(-1)) were required to achieve a mycological cure; the number of treatment days to cure varied from 21 to > 126 days. Lufenuron was reported anecdotally to be an effective cure, however, this was not substantiated in controlled studies. Finally, fungal vaccines were not found to be effective against challenge exposure, however, there is evidence that they may be useful in treatment protocols.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Calcium Compounds; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chlorhexidine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dermatomycoses; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Griseofulvin; Imidazoles; Itraconazole; Miconazole; Naphthalenes; Sulfides; Terbinafine; Thiosulfates

Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Arsenic Poisoning; Aspirin; Benzoates; Bismuth; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chloramphenicol; Dichlorvos; Diuresis; Ethylene Glycols; Fuel Oils; Gastric Lavage; Griseofulvin; Hexachlorophene; Insecticides; Lead Poisoning; Mercury Poisoning; Methylene Blue; Morphine; Pentobarbital; Phenacetin; Phenols; Plant Poisoning; Rodenticides; Strychnine; Vitamin A

To determine efficacy of orally administered itraconazole in cats with dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis.. Uncontrolled clinical trial.. 15 cats with dermatophytosis caused by M canis.. All cats were treated with itraconazole (1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg [0.7 to 1.4 mg/lb] of body weight, PO, q 24 h, for 15 days). Six cats had been treated with griseofulvin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) during a 60-day period, but their clinical condition had not improved. Five cats treated at the highest dosage of itraconazole vomited or became anorectic. Consequently, dosages were progressively decreased for each cat until adverse effects were not evident. After treatment, samples of hair were submitted for fungal cultures, and if appropriate, treatment was repeated when culture results were positive.. 8 cats treated with itraconazole recovered completely, as indicated by resolution of lesions and negative results of fungal cultures. Six of these 8 cats received a single 15-day course of treatment, whereas the remaining 2 cats needed prolonged treatment (two 15-day courses of treatment and three 15-day courses of treatment). In 4 other cats that became clinically normal, M canis was isolated from hair samples obtained at the completion of treatment, even though only 1 colony or a small number of colonies was isolated. In the other 3 cats, itraconazole did not cause clinical improvement, and culture results remained positive.. Oral administration of itraconazole at dosages of 1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg may be useful for the treatment of cats with dermatophytosis attributable to M canis infections.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Griseofulvin; Itraconazole; Male; Microsporum

As shown by recent research, most of the clinically relevant fungi, including dermatophytes, form biofilms in vitro and in vivo, which may exhibit antimicrobial tolerance that favour recurrent infections. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VCZ) and griseofulvin (GRI) against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum in planktonic and biofilm growth. For the planktonic form, susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), document M38-A2, while biofilm susceptibility was evaluated using the XTT colorimetric essay. The planktonic growth of all strains was inhibited, with MIC values ranging from 0.00195 to 0.1225 μg/mL for VRC, 0.00195 to 0.25 μg/mL for ITC and <0.0039 to 4 μg/mL for GRI, while a 50-fold increase in the MIC was required to significantly reduce the metabolic activity (P < .05) of dermatophyte biofilms. In brief, the ability of dermatophytes to form biofilms may be a contributing factor for the recalcitrance of dermatophytoses or the dissemination of the disease.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Arthrodermataceae; Azoles; Biofilms; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Griseofulvin; Humans; Itraconazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Voriconazole

Microsporum gypseum is a common inhabitant of the soil, occasionally responsible for human and animal ringworm. Few reports describe the treatment of dermatologic diseases due to M. gypseum. The objective of this study was to evaluate retrospectively cases of M. gypseum infection in dogs and cats.. The occurrence of infection by this dermatophyte was retrospectively evaluated in dermatological specimens from 15,684 dogs and cats dermatologically diseased from Italy. Clinical outcome after treatment with griseofulvin combined with topical enilconazole was evaluated in 41 dogs and, out of label, 10 cats. Furthermore, in vitro susceptibility to griseofulvin and enilconazole was evaluated on 31 clinical isolates of M. gypseum.. One hundred and eighty-five specimens out of 15,684 (1.1%) scored positive for M. gypseum. The treatment failed to achieve both mycological and clinical cure in 16 dogs (39%) and four cats (40%), as well as fungal isolates demonstrated a very poor in vitro sensitivity when tested versus griseofulvin: the MIC value was 150 μg/mL. The ED50 value was calculated at 66 μg/mL.. Blind treatments with griseofulvin in ringworm due to M. gypseum should be avoided.

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Griseofulvin; Microsporum; Retrospective Studies; Tinea; Treatment Outcome

Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma is a subcutaneous fungal infection by Microsporum canis.. This work describes a case of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a Persian cat.. A 3-year old female Persian cat showing alopecia, scaling and ulcerated nodules throughout the body, with presence of ulcerated nodules with yellow granular discharges on the dorsum, close to the tail. Mycological and histopathological examinations were realized.. Diagnosis of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma was established. The cat was treated with griseofulvin, and surgical excision was carried out. Response to therapy was effective during the first months, during which a reduction in nodule frequency was observed. However, despite maintaining the therapy levels, the lesions relapsed and progressed to the point of causing the animal's death.. The clinic evolution showed the progressive and recurrent character of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Combined Modality Therapy; Dermatomycoses; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Female; Griseofulvin; Microsporum; Mycetoma; Recurrence

The effectiveness of enilconazole (4 weekly rinses with a 0.2% solution) or griseofulvin (50mg/kg twice daily for 40 days) following a pre-treatment with oral lufenuron (100mg/kg by-weekly for 8 weeks) was tested on 25 (11+14) Microsporum canis infected cats. Control animals were treated with lufenuron, griseofulvin and enilconazole alone. At day 150 pre-treated animals were culturally negative and clinically cured. While lufenuron alone was found to be ineffective against M canis infection, an immunomodulatory effect of the drug can be suggested, as reported in literature. Its use could be reserved to long-lasting infections, unsuccessfully treated with conventional drugs. Further studies are required to clearly establish the possible adjuvant effect of this molecule when used prior to enilconazole or griseofulvin.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Benzamides; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fungicides, Industrial; Griseofulvin; Imidazoles; Insecticides; Male; Microsporum

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Fungicides, Industrial; Griseofulvin; Imidazoles; Microsporum; Severity of Illness Index

We investigated the in vitro activity of terbinafine against fresh veterinary isolates of Microsporum canis and the potential of this organism to develop resistance in vivo during oral therapy. Dermatophyte cultures (n = 300) were obtained from naturally infected cats and dogs undergoing oral therapy with terbinafine or griseofulvin. M. canis comprised 92% of isolates; other species included Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of terbinafine and griseofulvin were determined by broth macrodilution assay. Terbinafine was highly active against all three species with MIC90< or =0.03 microg ml(-1), in agreement with published data. However, terbinafine exhibited primary cidal activity against 66% of Microsporum isolates (n = 275) in contrast to the almost complete cidal effect in Trichophyton (n = 18). Griseofulvin was significantly less active than terbinafine (MIC90 = 4 microg ml(-1)) but had a primary cidal action on about 40% of the isolates. The data were analysed for changes in MIC and MFC during the course of therapy, which could be indicative for development of acquired resistance. Oral treatment of 37 animals with terbinafine for up to 39 weeks caused no increase in MIC or MFC of terbinafine, either in individual patients or in the whole group.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Griseofulvin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microsporum; Naphthalenes; Terbinafine; Trichophyton

Multiple cutaneous xanthomas, associated with fasting hyperlipidaemia, are described in a 9-month-old domestic long-haired cat. A severely pruritic, papular, and crusting dermatitis affecting the head and neck, initially diagnosed as lesions of the eosinophilic granuloma complex, progressively developed on the head and pinnae. Pruritus was controlled with administration of prednisolone and chlorambucil. Repeat histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous xanthoma and concurrent mild demodicosis. Marked fasting hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and transient hyperglycaemia were subsequently confirmed. Treatment for hyperlipidaemia and xanthomas with a low-fat diet (Hill's Feline r/d) and the previously unreported treatment for feline demodicosis of daily oral milbemycin were commenced. Multiple pink, alopecic plaques and papules gradually regressed, however pruritus recurred if immunosuppressive treatment was reduced, and well-demarcated areas of alopecia developed on the head, limbs and trunk, despite negative skin scrapings for demodex mites. Fungal culture of hair samples yielded Microsporum canis. All cutaneous lesions resolved with the addition of griseofulvin to the treatment regimen. Concurrent corneal ulceration and keratoconjunctivitis sicca ultimately resolved with treatment, including topical cyclosporin. Diabetes mellitus developed 6 months after resolution of skin lesions. No cutaneous or ocular abnormalities were present 6 months later with continued low-fat diet and insulin administration, although transient recurrence of papules and pruritus occurred after inadvertent access to a fatty meal. An underlying primary hyperlipidaemia was suspected, causing pruritic xanthomas. This may represent the first report of concurrent cutaneous xanthomas, demodicosis and dermatophytosis in a cat.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Diagnosis, Differential; Griseofulvin; Hyperlipidemias; Insecticides; Macrolides; Male; Microsporum; Mite Infestations; Xanthomatosis

Microsporum canis infection was induced in 21 healthy SPF-derived cats. Once infection was established (4 weeks after inoculation) the cats were divided into three equal groups housed in separate rooms and monitored for 16 weeks. During this time, group A cats received oral griseofulvin at approximately 50 mg/kg daily and were shampooed twice weekly with a product containing chlorhexidine and miconazole. Group B cats were treated with griseofulvin alone, and group C cats served as untreated controls. The cats were examined on a weekly basis and the severity of lesions was scored semi-quantitatively. In addition, hair samples were collected from each cat on a weekly basis by the MacKenzie brush technique and by the sticky-tape method. A semi-quantitative scoring system was also used for the assessment of fungal (M canis) growth. Generally, significant differences in clinical scores were not seen between the groups although at weeks 3, 4 and 11 there was a significant difference (P< or =0.015) with cats in group A having significantly lower median scores than those in group C. Median times to clinical resolution (return of clinical scores to zero) in groups A, B and C were at treatment weeks 2, 9 and 12, respectively (P>0.05). Median times for mycological resolution (persistently negative culture results) for groups A, B and C were at treatment weeks 2, 9 and 12, respectively, for the MacKenzie brush technique and at weeks 4, 8 and 12 for the sticky-tape technique. For both these results, the groups differed significantly (P< or =0.001) and in both instances group A had significantly more rapid resolution than groups B or C. Median culture scores were significantly different between the three groups using one or both of the sampling techniques at week 2 through to week 12 of treatment with median scores for either group A alone, or groups A and B being significantly lower than group C (P< or =0.026). These results showed a benefit from the addition of twice-weekly chlorhexidine-miconazole shampooing to systemic griseofulvin therapy alone in the treatment of M canis infected cats.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chlorhexidine; Dermatomycoses; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Griseofulvin; Male; Miconazole; Microsporum; Random Allocation; Skin; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

Microsporum canis is the dermatophyte most commonly responsible for ringworm in cats. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of oral terbinafine (Lamisil; Sandoz) in the treatment of feline ringworm caused by M canis, and to consider this drug as an alternative to griseofulvin or imidazoles. Fifteen cats infected with M canis were treated orally once daily with 30 mg/kg of terbinafine over a 2-week period. All treated animals were checked for dermatophytes on the last day of treatment, a month later and 3 months after the last administration of the drug. Only 12 cats could be used in the whole trial and 11 of these (92%) showed a complete cure. Terbinafine could be an effective alternative to griseofulvin when fungal resistance or idiosyncrasic intolerance are shown and, compared with griseofulvin, could give a faster rate of cure and less relapses.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Female; Griseofulvin; Itraconazole; Male; Microsporum; Naphthalenes; Terbinafine; Treatment Outcome

To evaluate the efficacy of itraconazole and griseofulvin in the treatment of Microsporum canis infection, 15 juvenile cats were infected by topical application of 10(5) live M canis macroconidia to the skin of the lateral part of the trunk, and an occlusive bandage was applied. After 3 weeks, cats were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups (n = 5 each): cats in the first group received griseofulvin (50 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 24 h); the second group received itraconazole (10 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h); and the third group (control) received an equivalent volume of vehicle (without drug, PO, q 24 h). Treatment continued for 100 days, or until mycologic cure (lack of dermatophyte isolation on 3 consecutive weekly fungal cultures) was achieved. Infection in all cats peaked in severity at week 6 after inoculation, then gradually resolved over the next 11 weeks. The itraconazole-treated group was the first to achieve a cure, after receiving 56 days of treatment, followed by the griseofulvin-treated group at 70 days. None of the cats in the control group reached mycologic cure after 100 days of treatment. As early as day 14 of treatment, the griseofulvin- and itraconazole-treated groups had significantly (P < 0.05) lower mean infection scores, compared with those in the control group. Significant differences in the mean infection scores between the itraconazole- and griseofulvin-treated groups were not found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Griseofulvin; Itraconazole; Microsporum; Random Allocation; Skin

A 12-week-old male domestic shorthair kitten developed ataxia, fever, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia during treatment with griseofulvin for superficial dermatophytosis. The fever and hematologic changes resolved promptly with withdrawal of the drug, but the ataxia continued unchanged. Persistent ataxia may represent a previously unrecognized idiosyncratic reaction to griseofulvin in cats.

Topics: Animals; Ataxia; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Griseofulvin; Male

Three weeks after initiation of griseofulvin treatment for dermatophytosis (40 mg/kg of body weight, q 12 h), an 8-yr-old domestic shorthair cat developed depression, vomiting, and pyrexia. Abnormalities found during physical examination included bilateral mydriasis, visual impairment, grade-II/V systolic murmur and multiple areas of alopecia. The cat was pancytopenic; serum biochemical abnormalities included hyperbilirubinemia, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia, and urinalysis revealed proteinuria, glycosuria, and bilirubinuria. Examination of a bone marrow aspirate revealed profound hypoplasia of all precursors. Griseofulvin toxicosis was diagnosed on the basis of the temporal relationship of drug administration with onset of clinical, hematologic, and biochemical abnormalities and failure to identify an infective or neoplastic cause for the bone marrow hypoplasia. The condition was refractory to treatment and the cat was euthanatized. Pathologic changes in the bone marrow were consistent with severe hypoplasia of all bone marrow precursors.

Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Diseases; Cat Diseases; Cats; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Griseofulvin; Pancytopenia

Eight adult cats were treated with griseofulvin (110 to 145 mg/kg of body weight) daily for 11 weeks; 2 control cats were given a gelatin capsule daily. Hemograms and hepatic enzyme activities were monitored weekly for all cats. Bone marrow examinations were performed before administration of the drug and twice during the study. Cats were observed for untoward clinical effects. Signs of toxicosis (clinical, hematologic, or hepatic) were not found at any time during, or at the cessation of, the study. Although the sample number of treated cats was small, it was concluded that hematologic or hepatic abnormalities that develop with the use of high-dose griseofulvin treatment may be an idiosyncratic reaction found only in a few cats.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Griseofulvin; Humans; Liver; Male; Rats

Topics: Alopecia; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Griseofulvin; Male; Thyroxine; Tinea

We report here on the first epidemic of Microsporum canis infection in Israel. All 78 cases were diagnosed in the port city of Eilat between August, 1975 and May 1976. The epidemic has apparently been controlled with Griseofulvin therapy and public health measures.

Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Griseofulvin; Humans; Israel; Microsporum; Tinea; Tinea Capitis

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Griseofulvin; Pregnancy

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Griseofulvin; Pregnancy

Multiple congenital malformations occurred in kittens of three cats treated orally at weekly intervals with 500-1000 mg of the antifungal drug griseofulin. Malformations of the brain included exencephaly, malformed prosencephalon, caudal displacement, and hydrocephalus. Skeletal malformations included cranium bifidium, spina bifida (C1 through C4, and sacral), abnormal atlantooccipital articulation, cleft palate, absence of maxillae, and lack of tail vertebrae. Cyclopia and anophthalmia with absence of optic nerves and rudimentary optic tracts were also observed. Atresia ani, atresia coli, lack of atrioventricular valves in the heart, and absence of external nares and soft palate were other abnormalities present.

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Anophthalmos; Brain; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cleft Palate; Eye; Eye Abnormalities; Female; Fetal Death; Griseofulvin; Microsporum; Optic Chiasm; Optic Nerve; Orbit; Pregnancy; Spinal Dysraphism; Tinea

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cleft Palate; Female; Griseofulvin; Pregnancy

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Assay; Cat Diseases; Cats; Culture Media; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Drug Synergism; Female; Glucose; Griseofulvin; Guinea Pigs; Male; Ointments; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Skin; Tinea; Tissue Extracts; Trichophyton

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Griseofulvin; Hexachlorocyclohexane; Hookworm Infections; Insecticides; Mite Infestations; Myiasis; Phthiraptera; Siphonaptera; Skin Diseases, Parasitic; Tick Infestations; Tinea

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Child; Culture Media; Dermatomycoses; Female; Griseofulvin; Humans; Microsporum; Zoonoses

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Griseofulvin; Male; Microsporum; Tinea

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Therapy; Fungi; Griseofulvin

Topics: Aged; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Griseofulvin; Humans; Male; Microsporum; Middle Aged; Zoonoses

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dermatomycoses; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Griseofulvin; Histoplasmosis; Microsporum; Mycoses; Sporotrichosis; Tinea; Trichophyton; Zoonoses

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Diagnosis, Differential; Fluorescence; Griseofulvin; Microsporum; Photomicrography; Sterilization; Tinea

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Griseofulvin; Microsporum; Tinea

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Child; Conjunctivitis; Cornea; Corneal Ulcer; Griseofulvin; Humans; Microsporum; Mycoses; Ulcer; Zoonoses

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Griseofulvin; Infections; Microsporum; Tinea

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Griseofulvin; Humans; Tinea

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Griseofulvin; Tinea