glycopyrrolate has been researched along with Bradycardia in 46 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 13 (28.26) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 14 (30.43) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 9 (19.57) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 6 (13.04) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 4 (8.70) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Blobner, M; Broussard, DM; Herring, WJ; Lin, L; Lombard, JF; Lutkiewicz, J; Mukai, Y; Wang, A; Watkins, M | 1 |
| Deshar, R; Pokharel, K; Prasad, JN; Sah, BP; Subedi, A | 1 |
| Callaway, CW; Dezfulian, C; Doshi, AA; Elmer, J; Flickinger, KL; Guyette, FX; Hopkins, D; Repine, MJ; Rittenberger, JC; Sawyer, KN; Weissman, A | 1 |
| Deng, H; Eikermann, M; Forman, SA; Houle, TT; Kelly, BJ; Lihn, AL; Nourmahnad, A; Scheffenbichler, FT; Shaydenfish, D; Xu, X | 1 |
| Hilbert, T; Kirchertz, R | 1 |
| Gil, N; Huh, J; Hwang, J; Kim, C; Kim, E; Min, S | 1 |
| Charlton, SJ; Collingwood, S; Ethell, BT; Kent, TC; Sykes, DA; Trifilieff, A; Watson, KJ | 1 |
| Coven, D; Hong, MK; Syed, T; Tamis-Holland, J | 1 |
| DiNardo, JA; Forman, RE; Mason, KP; Stark, C; Zgleszewski, S | 1 |
| Bethune, W; Nozari, A | 1 |
| Jackson, BF | 1 |
| Aronzon, B; Chamchad, D; Gerson, A; Horrow, JC; Medved, M; Nakhamchik, L; Roberts, N; Sauter, J | 1 |
| Alijani, A; Band, M; Cuschieri, A; Hanna, GB; Struthers, AD | 1 |
| Bailine, SH; Russ, MJ | 1 |
| De Wolf, D; Foubert, L; Mortier, E; Reyntjens, K; Vanlerberghe, G | 1 |
| Andersson, JE; Koch, P; Quistorff, B; Rasmussen, P; Secher, NH | 1 |
| Martin, T; Qasim, M; Sangari, T; Shah, S | 1 |
| Baraka, A; Dajani, A | 1 |
| Bristow, AS; Fisher, M; Green, DW | 1 |
| Fontán, JP; Heldt, GP; Heyman, MB; Marin, MS; Tooley, WH | 1 |
| Agelink, H; Cozanitis, DA; Crul, JF; Krieg, NP | 1 |
| Mirakhur, RK | 1 |
| Cozanitis, DA; Dundee, JW; Khan, MM | 1 |
| Eintrei, C; Granfeldt, H; Jensen, AG; Kalman, SH; Nyström, PO | 1 |
| Gouldson, R; Okonkwo, N | 1 |
| Monk, TG; Smith, I; White, PF | 1 |
| Basran, GS; Roffe, C; Smith, MJ | 1 |
| Ivankovich, AD; Kroin, JS; Lubenow, TR; McCarthy, RJ; Penn, RD | 1 |
| Annila, P; Baer, G; Oikkonen, M; Reinikainen, P; Rorarius, M | 1 |
| Gordon, J; Gordon, MA; Kahn, RL; Liguori, GA; Urban, MK | 1 |
| Ambrose, C; Buggy, D; Carey, M; Farragher, R; McNulty, C; Troy, A | 1 |
| Dyson, DH; James-Davies, R | 1 |
| Abbasakoor, F; Evans, A; Stephenson, BM | 1 |
| Lam, AM; Vavilala, MS | 1 |
| Bodor, N; Huang, F; Ji, F; Juhasz, A; Wu, W | 1 |
| Roach , D; Sheldon , R; Thakore , E | 1 |
| Meyers, EF; Tomeldan, SA | 1 |
| Cozanitis, DA; Dundee, JW; Mirakhur, RK | 1 |
| Oduro, KA | 1 |
| Short, CE | 1 |
| Cartabuke, RS; Davidson, PJ; Warner, LO | 1 |
| Foley, MA; Lawler, PG; Wood, PR | 1 |
| Cozanitis, DA; Pouttu, J; Rosenberg, PH | 1 |
| Coventry, DM; Lawrie, S; McMenemin, I | 1 |
| Berg, J; Triantafillou, AN; Tsueda, K; Wieman, TJ | 1 |
| Ramamurthy, S; Shaker, MH; Winnie, AP | 1 |
19 trial(s) available for glycopyrrolate and Bradycardia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
A randomized trial evaluating the safety profile of sugammadex in high surgical risk ASA physical class 3 or 4 participants.
Topics: Aged; Bradycardia; Cholinergic Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Male; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Blockade; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Rocuronium; Sugammadex; Tachycardia; Vecuronium Bromide | 2021 |
Effect of glycopyrrolate on vasopressor requirements for non-elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Atropine Derivatives; Bradycardia; Cesarean Section; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Hypertension; Hypotension; Infant, Newborn; Nausea; Phenylephrine; Pregnancy; Resuscitation; Saline Solution; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vomiting; Xerostomia | 2022 |
Glycopyrrolate does not ameliorate hypothermia associated bradycardia in healthy individuals: A randomized crossover trial.
Topics: Adult; Austria; Bradycardia; Cross-Over Studies; Dexmedetomidine; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Hypothermia; Male; Young Adult | 2021 |
Prophylactic glycopyrrolate reduces hypotensive responses in elderly patients during spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Aged; Anesthesia, Spinal; Bradycardia; Double-Blind Method; Elective Surgical Procedures; Ephedrine; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Hypotension; Incidence; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Severity of Illness Index; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2014 |
Prophylactic glycopyrrolate prevents bradycardia after spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled prospective trial with heart rate variability correlation.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Bradycardia; Bupivacaine; Cesarean Section; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Hospitals, University; Humans; Hypotension; Morphine; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies | 2011 |
Glycopyrrolate during sevoflurane-remifentanil-based anaesthesia for cardiac catheterization of children with congenital heart disease.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Cardiac Catheterization; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant; Intraoperative Care; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Methyl Ethers; Piperidines; Prospective Studies; Remifentanil; Sevoflurane | 2005 |
Glycopyrrolate prevents extreme bradycardia and cerebral deoxygenation during electroconvulsive therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bradycardia; Cerebrum; Depressive Disorder; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypoxia, Brain; Male; Middle Aged; Muscarinic Antagonists; Oxygen | 2007 |
Comparison of i.v. glycopyrrolate and atropine in the prevention of bradycardia and arrhythmias following repeated doses of suxamethonium in children.
Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Bradycardia; Child; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Preanesthetic Medication; Pyrrolidines; Random Allocation; Succinylcholine | 1984 |
Comparative study of atropine and glycopyrrolate on suxamethonium-induced changes in cardiac rate and rhythm.
Topics: Adult; Atropine; Bradycardia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Preanesthetic Medication; Pyrrolidines; Random Allocation; Succinylcholine | 1980 |
A comparison of propofol and isoflurane anaesthesia: the need for ephedrine and glycopyrrolate.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Crystalloid Solutions; Ephedrine; Female; Fentanyl; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypotension; Isoflurane; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Middle Aged; Plasma Substitutes; Propofol; Vecuronium Bromide | 1995 |
Comparison of transesophageal atrial pacing with anticholinergic drugs for the treatment of intraoperative bradycardia.
Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, General; Atropine; Bradycardia; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Incidence; Intraoperative Complications; Isoflurane; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrous Oxide; Prospective Studies; Sufentanil; Vecuronium Bromide | 1994 |
Anticholinergic premedication for fibreoptic bronchoscopy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Atropine; Bradycardia; Bronchoscopy; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fiber Optic Technology; Glycopyrrolate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Laryngismus; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Satisfaction; Preanesthetic Medication | 1994 |
Effect of pre-treatment with intravenous atropine or glycopyrrolate on cardiac arrhythmias during halothane anaesthesia for adenoidectomy in children.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Bradycardia; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Glycopyrrolate; Halothane; Humans; Infant; Muscarinic Antagonists; Premedication | 1998 |
The use of metoprolol and glycopyrrolate to prevent hypotensive/bradycardic events during shoulder arthroscopy in the sitting position under interscalene block.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arthroscopy; Bradycardia; Double-Blind Method; Endoscopy; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Hypotension; Metoprolol; Nerve Block; Parasympatholytics; Posture; Prospective Studies; Shoulder Joint | 1998 |
Pre-emptive glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg and bradycardia during gynaecological laparoscopy with mivacurium.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Bradycardia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Isoquinolines; Laparoscopy; Mivacurium; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Prospective Studies | 1998 |
Glycopyrrolate methobromide: 2. comparison with atropine sulphate in anaesthesia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Neostigmine; Pharynx; Postoperative Complications; Preanesthetic Medication; Pulse; Pyrrolidines; Salivation | 1975 |
Is premedication with oral glycopyrrolate as effective as oral atropine in attenuating cardiovascular depression in infants receiving halothane for induction of anesthesia?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Atropine; Bradycardia; Double-Blind Method; Glycopyrrolate; Halothane; Humans; Hypotension; Infant; Preanesthetic Medication | 1991 |
Bradycardia associated with the use of vecuronium. A comparative study with pancuronium with and without glycopyrronium.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bradycardia; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Middle Aged; Pancuronium; Pyrrolidines; Vecuronium Bromide | 1987 |
Bradycardia during intra-abdominal surgery. Modification by pre-operative anticholinergic agents.
Topics: Abdomen; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia; Atropine; Bradycardia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Middle Aged; Premedication; Pyrrolidines; Random Allocation | 1987 |
27 other study(ies) available for glycopyrrolate and Bradycardia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Effects of Anticholinesterase Reversal Under General Anesthesia on Postoperative Cardiovascular Complications: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Boston; Bradycardia; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neostigmine; Registries; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tachycardia; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2020 |
A week of slow hearts: anaesthesia for eye surgery and shortage of glycopyrrolate.
Topics: Aged; Atropine; Bradycardia; Cholinergic Antagonists; Drug Combinations; Female; Germany; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Hypotension; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Preanesthetic Medication; Reflex; Retrospective Studies; Sialorrhea; Theophylline; Vagus Nerve | 2019 |
Comparing the cardiovascular therapeutic indices of glycopyrronium and tiotropium in an integrated rat pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety model.
Topics: Airway Resistance; Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchoconstriction; Bronchodilator Agents; Cardiovascular System; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Hypotension; Male; Models, Biological; Muscarinic Antagonists; Protein Binding; Radioligand Assay; Rats, Inbred BN; Receptor, Muscarinic M2; Risk Assessment; Scopolamine Derivatives; Tiotropium Bromide | 2015 |
Can glycopyrrolate replace temporary pacemaker and atropine in patients at high risk for symptomatic bradycardia undergoing AngioJet mechanical thrombectomy?
Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atropine; Bradycardia; Cardiac Catheterization; Coronary Thrombosis; Feasibility Studies; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Pacemaker, Artificial; Pilot Projects; Thrombectomy; Time Factors | 2008 |
An exaggerated hypertensive response to glycopyrrolate therapy for bradycardia associated with high-dose dexmedetomidine.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Bradycardia; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Conscious Sedation; Craniosynostoses; Dexmedetomidine; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Klinefelter Syndrome; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neurofibromatosis 1; Oxygen; Respiratory Mechanics; Tuberous Sclerosis | 2009 |
Cerebral aneurysm surgery in a patient with Brugada syndrome: anesthetic implications and perioperative management.
Topics: Anesthesia; Bradycardia; Brugada Syndrome; Cardiotonic Agents; Dopamine; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Muscarinic Antagonists; Perioperative Care | 2010 |
Orbital trauma, bradycardia, and vomiting: trapdoor fracture and the oculocardiac reflex: a case report.
Topics: Adolescent; Blepharoptosis; Bradycardia; Diplopia; Emergencies; Football; Glycopyrrolate; Head Injuries, Closed; Humans; Male; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Oculomotor Muscles; Ophthalmic Nerve; Orbital Fractures; Parasympatholytics; Reflex, Abnormal; Reflex, Oculocardiac; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Unconsciousness; Vagus Nerve; Vomiting | 2010 |
Cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with hemodynamic instability at induction of capnoperitoneum: a case-control study.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Carbon Dioxide; Cardiac Output, Low; Case-Control Studies; Exercise Test; Glycopyrrolate; Hand Strength; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypotension; Insufflation; Intraoperative Complications; Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; Point-of-Care Systems; Posture; Predictive Value of Tests; Respiration; Risk; Valsalva Maneuver | 2004 |
Asystole and bradycardia related to anesthetic induction during ECT: a case report.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Antidepressive Agents; Bradycardia; Depressive Disorder; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Etomidate; Female; Flumazenil; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Arrest; Humans; Succinylcholine | 2004 |
Severe hypertension and bradycardia after dexmedetomidine for radiology sedation in a patient with acute transverse myelitis.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Brain; Dexmedetomidine; Flushing; Glycopyrrolate; Headache; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Myelitis, Transverse; Propofol; Severity of Illness Index | 2008 |
Severe bradycardia following physostigmine in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade--a case report.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anesthesia, General; Bradycardia; Drug Interactions; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Physostigmine; Propranolol | 1984 |
Esophageal spasm associated with apnea and bradycardia in an infant.
Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Electrocardiography; Esophageal Diseases; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Spasm | 1984 |
Effect of repeated succinylcholine injections on heart rate following intramuscularly administered antimuscarinic drugs: glycopyrrolate and atropine.
Topics: Adult; Atropine; Bradycardia; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Preanesthetic Medication; Pyrrolidines; Succinylcholine | 1982 |
Bradycardia with laryngeal spraying in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anesthesia, Local; Atropine; Bradycardia; Child; Child, Preschool; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Infant; Injections, Intramuscular; Lidocaine; Middle Aged; Pyrrolidines; Vocal Cords | 1982 |
Attenuation of vagal reflexes during tracheal intubation following vagotonic anesthetic agents.
Topics: Adult; Alfentanil; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bradycardia; Child; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Arrest; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngoscopy; Male; Propofol; Reflex; Vagus Nerve | 1994 |
Intrathecal clonidine and tizanidine in conscious dogs: comparison of analgesic and hemodynamic effects.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Dioxanes; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Idazoxan; Imidazoles; Injections, Spinal; Male; Parasympatholytics; Reaction Time; Sympatholytics; Vagus Nerve; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Wakefulness; Yohimbine | 1996 |
Dose effect and benefits of glycopyrrolate in the treatment of bradycardia in anesthetized dogs.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Bradycardia; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative Complications; Muscarinic Antagonists; Tachycardia | 1999 |
Neostigmine for acute colonic pseudo-obstruction.
Topics: Acute Disease; Bradycardia; Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction; Contrast Media; Diagnostic Errors; Enema; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Neostigmine; Radiography, Abdominal | 1999 |
Neostigmine for acute colonic pseudo-obstruction.
Topics: Acute Disease; Bradycardia; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Monitoring, Physiologic; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neostigmine | 1999 |
Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of soft glycopyrrolate and its analog.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Bradycardia; Carbachol; Eye; Glycopyrrolate; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Mydriatics; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Muscarinic | 2000 |
Origins of heart rate variability: autonomic blockade of large magnitude, transient bradycardia in conscious rabbits.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Circadian Rhythm; Conscience; Cross-Over Studies; Electrocardiography; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Metoprolol; Muscarinic Antagonists; Prazosin; Rabbits; Vagus Nerve | 2001 |
Glycopyrrolate compared with atropine in prevention of the oculocardiac reflex during eye-muscle surgery.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Bradycardia; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Infant; Intraoperative Complications; Middle Aged; Oculomotor Muscles; Pulse; Pyrrolidines; Reflex; Strabismus; Trigeminal Nerve; Vagus Nerve | 1979 |
Atropine versus glycopyrrolate. A study using repeated doses of suxamethonium in man.
Topics: Adult; Atropine; Bis-Trimethylammonium Compounds; Bradycardia; Electrocardiography; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Conduction System; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Pyrrolidines; Sex Factors; Succinylcholine; Time Factors | 1979 |
Effects of anticholinergic treatment on the cardiac and respiratory systems in dogs sedated with medetomidine.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Atropine; Bradycardia; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Block; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; Medetomidine; Respiration | 1991 |
Vagal reflexes and anaesthesia.
Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Atropine; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Bradycardia; Glycopyrrolate; Humans | 1990 |
Refractory bradycardia after reversal of muscle relaxant in a diabetic with vagal neuropathy.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Diabetic Neuropathies; Glycopyrrolate; Heart; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neostigmine; Pyrrolidines; Vagus Nerve; Vascular Resistance | 1986 |
Glycopyrrolate as a substitute for atropine in neostigmine reversal of muscle relaxant drugs.
Topics: Anesthesia; Atropine; Bradycardia; Curare; Drug Combinations; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Mandelic Acids; Neostigmine; Parasympatholytics; Pyrrolidines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Tachycardia; Time Factors | 1972 |