glycolic acid and Hypermelanosis studies

glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd
glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"This pilot study demonstrates that serial glycolic acid peels provide an additional benefit, with minimal adverse effects, for the treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in dark-complexioned individuals."	9.08	Glycolic acid peels for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in black patients. A comparative study. ( Burns, RL; Faria, DT; Fivenson, DP; Lawry, MA; Lawry, TB; Prevost-Blank, PL, 1997)
"In this report, we present the case of a patient receiving low-dose oral isotretinoin therapy who developed severe painful erythema and erosions that led to permanent hyperpigmentation and scarring of her face and neck after undergoing superficial CP with glycolic acid."	7.80	Severe hyperpigmentation and scarring following glycolic acid peel treatment in combination with low-dose isotretinoin. ( Bölke, E; Diedrichson, E; Gerber, PA; Homey, B; Kukova, G, 2014)
"Many clinicians have used glycolic acid (GA) peels for facial acne, scarring, and hyperpigmentation, mainly in lighter skin types."	7.75	Glycolic acid peels versus salicylic-mandelic acid peels in active acne vulgaris and post-acne scarring and hyperpigmentation: a comparative study. ( Garg, VK; Sarkar, R; Sinha, S, 2009)
"Acne vulgaris affects 3 out of 4 adolescents and usually vanishes at the end of puberty with either no sequelae or mild to moderate sequelae, such as postinflammatory hyperpigmenation (PIH), which may result in psychological and emotional damages."	6.43	RALGA (Diacneal), a retinaldehyde and glycolic acid association and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in acne--a review. ( Katsambas, AD, 2005)
"Glycolic acid is a known antioxidant; in various free acid levels, it has been introduced as a topical therapy aimed at reducing pigmentation and improving skin texture, tone, and luminosity."	5.62	Effect of glycolic acid, phytic acid, soothing complex containing Emulsion on Hyperpigmentation and skin luminosity: A clinical evaluation. ( Houshmand, EB, 2021)
"There was no significant difference in the incidence of post-CO2 laser resurfacing hyperpigmentation between subjects who received pretreatment with either topical glycolic acid cream or combination tretinoin/hydroquinone creams and those who received no pretreatment regimen."	5.09	Effect of pretreatment on the incidence of hyperpigmentation following cutaneous CO2 laser resurfacing. ( Alster, TS; West, TB, 1999)
"This pilot study demonstrates that serial glycolic acid peels provide an additional benefit, with minimal adverse effects, for the treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in dark-complexioned individuals."	5.08	Glycolic acid peels for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in black patients. A comparative study. ( Burns, RL; Faria, DT; Fivenson, DP; Lawry, MA; Lawry, TB; Prevost-Blank, PL, 1997)
"The standard management of acne vulgaris in Japan includes a combination of topical treatment with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and BPO/clindamycin (CLDM), topical adapalene and systemic antimicrobials."	3.85	Adjuvant alternative treatment with chemical peeling and subsequent iontophoresis for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, erosion with inflamed red papules and non-inflamed atrophic scars in acne vulgaris. ( Kawada, A; Kurokawa, I; Oiso, N, 2017)
"In this report, we present the case of a patient receiving low-dose oral isotretinoin therapy who developed severe painful erythema and erosions that led to permanent hyperpigmentation and scarring of her face and neck after undergoing superficial CP with glycolic acid."	3.80	Severe hyperpigmentation and scarring following glycolic acid peel treatment in combination with low-dose isotretinoin. ( Bölke, E; Diedrichson, E; Gerber, PA; Homey, B; Kukova, G, 2014)
"Many clinicians have used glycolic acid (GA) peels for facial acne, scarring, and hyperpigmentation, mainly in lighter skin types."	3.75	Glycolic acid peels versus salicylic-mandelic acid peels in active acne vulgaris and post-acne scarring and hyperpigmentation: a comparative study. ( Garg, VK; Sarkar, R; Sinha, S, 2009)
"The first-line treatment for hyperpigmentation involves topical formulations of conventional agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid followed by oral formulations of therapeutic agents such as tranexamic acid, melatonin, and cysteamine hydrochloride."	2.72	Management of hyperpigmentation: Current treatments and emerging therapies. ( Nautiyal, A; Wairkar, S, 2021)
"Hydroquinone 4% cream with 2% glycolic acid is safe and effective in improving photodamage on the neck and upper chest when used alone or in combination with salicylic acid peels."	2.69	Efficacy of hydroquinone cream (USP 4%) used alone or in combination with salicylic acid peels in improving photodamage on the neck and upper chest. ( Gladstone, HB; Jeffers, M; Moy, RL; Nguyen, SL; Ottomeyer, T; Williams, R; Wortzman, M, 2000)
"Acne vulgaris affects 3 out of 4 adolescents and usually vanishes at the end of puberty with either no sequelae or mild to moderate sequelae, such as postinflammatory hyperpigmenation (PIH), which may result in psychological and emotional damages."	2.43	RALGA (Diacneal), a retinaldehyde and glycolic acid association and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in acne--a review. ( Katsambas, AD, 2005)
"Glycolic acid is a known antioxidant; in various free acid levels, it has been introduced as a topical therapy aimed at reducing pigmentation and improving skin texture, tone, and luminosity."	1.62	Effect of glycolic acid, phytic acid, soothing complex containing Emulsion on Hyperpigmentation and skin luminosity: A clinical evaluation. ( Houshmand, EB, 2021)

Research

Studies (20)

Authors

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Correct Responses to Questionnaire Items Before and 2 Months After an Educational Lecture

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	3 (15.00)	18.2507
2000's	6 (30.00)	29.6817
2010's	9 (45.00)	24.3611
2020's	2 (10.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Houshmand, EB	1
Nautiyal, A	1
Wairkar, S	1
Zhong, Y	1
Chen, Y	1
Huang, L	1
Wang, H	1
Yan, T	1
Yang, B	1
Man, MQ	1
Kansal, NK	1
Chaudhary, S	1
Dayal, S	1
Gerber, PA	1
Kukova, G	1
Bölke, E	1
Homey, B	1
Diedrichson, E	1
Mekas, M	1
Chwalek, J	1
MacGregor, J	1
Chapas, A	1
Shokeen, D	1
Kurokawa, I	1
Oiso, N	1
Kawada, A	1
Sarkar, R	2
Parmar, NV	1
Kapoor, S	1
Garg, VK	1
Sinha, S	1
Oresajo, C	1
Yatskayer, M	1
Hansenne, I	1
Kassim, AT	1
Hussain, M	1
Goldberg, DJ	1
Callender, VD	1
Kasraee, B	1
Tran, C	1
Sorg, O	1
Saurat, JH	1
Katsambas, AD	1
Ellis, DA	1
Tan, AK	1
Ellis, CS	1
Burns, RL	1
Prevost-Blank, PL	1
Lawry, MA	1
Lawry, TB	1
Faria, DT	1
Fivenson, DP	1
West, TB	1
Alster, TS	1
Gladstone, HB	1
Nguyen, SL	1
Williams, R	1
Ottomeyer, T	1
Wortzman, M	1
Jeffers, M	1
Moy, RL	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Knowledge Evaluation and Assessment of the Effectiveness of an Education Intervention on Acne[NCT01629797]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

In order to evaluate the long-term effect of an educational lecture about acne, subjects completed a questionnaire to assess knowledge about acne immediately before and two months after the educational lecture. The number of correct responses to each questionnaire item was calculated pre- and two months post-educational lecture. (NCT01629797)
Timeframe: before and 2 months after an educational lecture

Number of Correct Responses to Questionnaire Items Immediately Before and After and Educational Lecture

Intervention	participants (Number)
	How to wash skin	How often to wash face	Diet affects acne	Dirt affects acne	Hair product affects acne	Sweat affects acne	Cosmetics affect acne	Moisturizers affect acne	Humidity affects acne	Season affects acne	Stress affects acne	Drugs affect acne	Stress worsens acne	Diet worsens acne	Menses worsens acne	Hormones worsen acne	Genetics worsen acne	Excess oil causes acne	Clogged pores cause acne	Bacteria causes acne	Inflammation causes acne	Acne can be cured	Results of acne treatment	Acne treatment lasts	Acne can scar skin	Cosmetics worsen acne
Pre-educational Lecture	79	74	60	31	45	27	61	40	35	44	77	56	72	30	64	68	48	67	77	70	33	29	38	45	82	79
Two Months Post-educational Lecture	78	76	55	12	65	22	76	58	32	36	77	80	77	25	76	79	63	81	82	77	69	65	47	43	80	77

In order to evaluate the immediate effect of an educational lecture about acne, subjects completed a questionnaire to assess knowledge about acne immediately before and after the educational lecture. The number of correct responses to each questionnaire item was calculated pre- and post-educational lecture. (NCT01629797)
Timeframe: immediately before and after an educational lecture

Article	Year
Management of hyperpigmentation: Current treatments and emerging therapies. Pigment cell & melanoma research, 2021, Volume: 34, Issue:6 Topics: Glycolates; Humans; Hydroquinones; Hyperpigmentation; Pyrones; Skin	2021
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in patients with skin of color. Cutis, 2016, Volume: 97, Issue:1 Topics: Chemexfoliation; Dermatitis; Dermatologic Agents; Dicarboxylic Acids; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Gl	2016
Acne in ethnic skin: special considerations for therapy. Dermatologic therapy, 2004, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Glycolates; H	2004
RALGA (Diacneal), a retinaldehyde and glycolic acid association and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in acne--a review. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland), 2005, Volume: 210 Suppl 1 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Glycolates; Human	2005
Superficial micropeels: glycolic acid and alpha-hydroxy acid with kojic acid. Facial plastic surgery : FPS, 1995, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Chemexfoliation; Clinical Protocols; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; Glycolates; Humans; Hydroxy A	1995

Article	Year
Efficacy of combination of glycolic acid peeling with topical regimen in treatment of melasma. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 2013, Volume: 12, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Chemexfoliation; Female; Glycolates; Humans; Hydrocor	2013
An Evaluation of Efficacy and Tolerability of Novel Enzyme Exfoliation Versus Glycolic Acid in Photodamage Treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 2015, Volume: 14, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Animals; Citric Acid; Dermatologic Agents; Double-Blind Meth	2015
Treatment of Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation With a Combination of Glycolic Acid Peels and a Topical Regimen in Dark-Skinned Patients: A Comparative Study. Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 2017, Volume: 43, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chemexfoliation; Drug Combinations; Faci	2017
Clinical tolerance and efficacy of capryloyl salicylic acid peel compared to a glycolic acid peel in subjects with fine lines/wrinkles and hyperpigmented skin. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2008, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Chemexfoliation; Drug The	2008
Open-label evaluation of the skin-brightening efficacy of a skin-brightening system using decapeptide-12. Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology, 2012, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Antioxidants; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycolates; Humans; Hype	2012
Glycolic acid peels for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in black patients. A comparative study. Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 1997, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Black People; Chemexfoliation; Dermatitis; Drug Combinations; Female	1997
Effect of pretreatment on the incidence of hyperpigmentation following cutaneous CO2 laser resurfacing. Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 1999, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Carbon Dioxide; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; Facial Dermatose	1999
Efficacy of hydroquinone cream (USP 4%) used alone or in combination with salicylic acid peels in improving photodamage on the neck and upper chest. Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 2000, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Chemexfoliation; Female; Glycolates; Humans; Hydroquinones; Hyperpigmentation; Keratolytic Agents; M	2000

Article	Year
Effect of glycolic acid, phytic acid, soothing complex containing Emulsion on Hyperpigmentation and skin luminosity: A clinical evaluation. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2021, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Emulsions; Female; Glycolates; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Phytic Acid; Treatment Outcome	2021
Lightening Becker nevus with topical glycolic acid. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2019, Volume: 80, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Topical; Glycolates; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Nevus; Skin Neoplasms	2019
Lightening Becker nevus: Role of topical therapies. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2019, Volume: 80, Issue:2 Topics: Glycolates; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Nevus; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn	2019
Severe hyperpigmentation and scarring following glycolic acid peel treatment in combination with low-dose isotretinoin. European journal of medical research, 2014, Nov-07, Volume: 19 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Cicatrix; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycolates; Humans; Hyperp	2014
Adjuvant alternative treatment with chemical peeling and subsequent iontophoresis for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, erosion with inflamed red papules and non-inflamed atrophic scars in acne vulgaris. The Journal of dermatology, 2017, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adapalene; Adolescent; Adult; alpha-Tocopherol; Anti-Infective Agents; Ascorbic Acid;	2017
Glycolic acid peels versus salicylic-mandelic acid peels in active acne vulgaris and post-acne scarring and hyperpigmentation: a comparative study. Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 2009, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Chemexfoliation; Cicatrix; Drug Combinations; Female; Glycolates;	2009
The depigmenting effect of RALGA in C57BL/6 mice. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland), 2005, Volume: 210 Suppl 1 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Combinations; Glycolates; Hyperpigmentation; Kerat	2005

glycolic acid and Hypermelanosis