glycogen and Uterine-Neoplasms

By statistical study on 135 patients with endometrial carcinoma, it is clarified that the most effective prognostic factor of the cancer is the histological grading. Well differentiated type is best prognostic and possesses hormone receptors. Application of cell culture is one of the most suitable choices in the study of hormone and human endometrial carcinoma. Present paper is to show usefulness of in vitro study by taking example of the above theme. 1) Binding ability of endometrial carcinoma cells to estrogen: Being explained by Gurpide et al. by using HEC-1 cells, the ability is under control of cGMP and cAMP ratio. 2) Responses to estrogen: DNA polymerase alfa of Ishikawa cells which possesses both estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) is stimulated first showing peak at 18 hours and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is at 72 hours by E(2)10(-8)M, which is antagonized by OH-tamoxifen. PR level is also enhanced at its maximum after 3 day E2 treatment, and is analyzed by immunocytochemistry with PR mono-clonal antibody as well as biochemical assay. Gorski and Greene's theory that steroid receptor is localized in nuclei is confirmed in endometrial carcinoma. Growth of Ishikawa cells is apparently enhanced in the aspects of shortened cell cycle and unlimited saturation density. 3) Responses to progestogen: Nucleic acid syntheses of HEC-1 are immediately suppressed by progesterone (P) 2.5 microg or more. Electron microscopic findings show appearances of Golgi apparatus and lysosomal granules. Growth suppression is observed in the cell lines regardless of PR positivity. ALP activity of PR-negative HEC-50 cells

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Division; DNA Polymerase II; Estradiol; Estradiol Dehydrogenases; Female; Glycogen; Glycogen Synthase; Humans; Mice; Mice, Nude; Neoplasm Transplantation; Nucleic Acids; Progesterone; Progesterone Congeners; Prognosis; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Uterine Neoplasms

During the conduct of a study designed to determine the effect of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), a synthetic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that acts through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), on uterine contractility in Wistar rats, uterine tumors were identified in both vehicle and 3-MC-treated animals. The objective of the current study was to describe the histological characteristics of these tumors. Sexually mature female rats (110 days old) were treated with 70 micro mol/kg 3-MC or vehicle (olive oil) for 4 days and euthanized by exsanguination. At necropsy uterine tumors were unexpected findings in two vehicle and four 3-MC-treated rats. The tumors appeared as multiple unilateral or bilateral subserosal nodes. No tumors were found in other tissues on gross inspection. Prior to necropsy, tumor-presenting animals were acyclic and arrested in a state of persistent proestrus. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of tumor sections revealed nests of acidophilic granule-containing cells within a highly vascular stroma of the uterine wall below the muscularis. Positive periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining suggested the presence of glycogen or glycophospholipids within these granules, however, negative PAS diastase staining indicated that the acidophilic bodies were not composed of glycogen. The tumors are histologically similar to human dysgerminomas. We conclude that these tumors are unrelated to treatment and are of a granular type not previously documented in Wistar rats.

Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Cytoplasmic Granules; Estradiol; Female; Glycogen; Glycolipids; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Liver; Methylcholanthrene; Olive Oil; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Plant Oils; Proestrus; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Uterine Contraction; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus; Vagina

A new cell line, designated TMCC-2, has been established from operation material from a woman with endometrial clear cell carcinoma. TMCC-2 was successively subcultured 40 times in about 1 year. The monolayer culture cell showed a pavement-like arrangement of polygonal and short spindle-shaped cells, and had a tendency to pile-up without contact inhibition. Since PAS positive and Alcian-Blue negative substance could be seen in the cytoplasm, the cells were found to produce glycogen. The population doubling time, the saturation density and plating efficiency of the 25th passage cells were 24 hours, 1.8 x 10(5) and 23%, respectively. The nuclear DNA histogram obtained by flow cytometry showed two peaks at 2.1C and 4.1C. Therefore, the DNA index was 1.05. A tumor maker assay of the culture medium revealed significantly high values for TPA, CA125, CA19-9, and SLX compared with the control medium. The TMCC-2 cells produced the tumors in nude mice after subcutaneous transplantation. In addition, the histological findings were similar to those in the original tumor. As mentioned above, the TMCC-2 cell line derived from endometrial clear cell carcinoma will be very valuable in basic research on clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Division; Culture Media; DNA, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Female; Glycogen; HLA Antigens; Humans; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Uterine Neoplasms

Morphologic, histochemical and fluorescent microscopic studies of leiomyomas with necrosis and degenerative changes have been done in 100 patients. Morphologic and functional features of the endometrium and myometrium were examined at tumor-adjacent and remote sites. The study showed no relation between the ischemic changes of uterine leiomyomas and morphological/functional status of the myometrium and endometrium. In the presence of leiomyoma, the endometrium undergoes primarily histophysiological and aging-related changes. The study findings suggest that surgery for necrotic leiomyoma should be organ-sparing.

Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Endometrium; Female; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Leiomyoma; Middle Aged; Myometrium; Necrosis; Uterine Neoplasms

The human endometrial cancer cell line, IK-90 cells, contains estrogen-independent progesterone receptors (PR) and is progestin sensitive. Accumulation of glycogen in the cytoplasm of IK-90 cells as well as growth inhibition of the cells in response to progestins are observed. In the present study, the effects of RU486, a progestin antagonist, on IK-90 cells were investigated in a serum-supplemented medium. Scatchard plot analysis of cytoplasmic binding data in the cells revealed a high affinity binding site for RU486 (Kd, 2.6 nM) with maximum binding sites of 169 fmol/mg protein. However, the binding ability to DNA-cellulose of heat activated [3H]RU486-PR complexes was lower when compared with that of the progestin agonist [3H]R5020-PR complexes, suggesting a decrease in progestin activity of RU486 in IK-90 cells. The addition of 1 microM RU486 to culture medium produced periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules in the cytoplasm of the cells. On the other hand, RU486 (1 nM-1 microM) did not significantly inhibit the growth of cells. However, RU486 (0.1-1 microM) totally prevented the growth-inhibitory effect of R5020 (0.1-1 microM) on IK-90 cells. In conclusion, RU486, an antiprogestin, had a dual activity both a progestin antagonist and weak agonist in human endometrial cancer cells, which was not mediated through the estrogen receptor system.

Topics: Binding, Competitive; Cell Division; Cellulose; Cytoplasm; DNA; Estrenes; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Mifepristone; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Progestins; Promegestone; Receptors, Progesterone; Staining and Labeling; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Uterine Neoplasms

Amylase activity was studied in 70 specimens of normal endometrium, 21 normal endocervices, 19 endometrial carcinomas, and 20 endocervical adenocarcinomas. Amylase was observed in the secretory (8.7 per cent) but not in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. It is possible that the presence of amylase activity may serve a functional role in the degradation of glycogen to glucose in the secretory endometrium. The great majority (90.5 per cent) of uterine cervices showed strong and extensive staining of the endocervical glands for amylase. No glycogen was demonstrated and the role of amylase in endocervical glands remains obscure. Amylase was observed in one (5.3 per cent) out of 19 cases of endometrial carcinoma, and the presence of this enzyme may be considered a eutopic rather than an ectopic expression. Amylase was not detected in any of the endocervical adenocarcinomas examined. This study has shown a complete loss of amylase activity in malignant transformation of endocervical glands and this could be attributable to the immature nature of de-differentiated neoplastic cells.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Amylases; Cervix Uteri; Endometrium; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen whose mode of action is, as yet, unclear. The purpose of this report is to investigate the effects of Tamoxifen on endometrial adenocarcinoma ultrastructurally. Five patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma, 3 cases well differentiated and the others undifferentiated, were treated with 20mg Tamoxifen per os a day for 7 days, and the following changes were observed: The cells became roundish and slightly swollen. Development of cytoplasmic organelles was observed. In the cytoplasm, glycogen granules did not increase. These results suggest that an anti-cancer effect is brought about by the induction of the tissue toward functional differentiation as well as inhibition of glycogen metabolism in tumor cells.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Tamoxifen; Uterine Neoplasms

The glycogen content and glycogen synthetase and glycogen phosphorylase levels were studied in tissues of endometrial carcinoma obtained from 30 patients (27 postmenopausal and three premenopausal) before and after administration of progestogen, and the values were compared with those obtained previously from normal endometrial tissue of premenopausal patients. After the patients had undergone an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the progestogen Lyndiol (lynestrenol, 5.0 mg, and mestranol, 0.15 mg) was administered daily for seven days. In 15 cases of well differentiated carcinoma the glycogen content after the progestogen administration, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the glycogen synthetase enzyme levels, was significantly higher (P less than 0.005) than that in the initial tissue, whereas in the other 15 cases of less differentiated carcinoma no change was observed. This finding that hormonal stimulus in well differentiated carcinoma leads to a similar effect on glycogen metabolism as in normal endometrium of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, supports the possibility of progestogen therapy for human endometrial cancer.

Topics: Adult; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Drug Combinations; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glucosyltransferases; Glycogen; Humans; Lynestrenol; Mestranol; Middle Aged; Phosphorylases; Uterine Neoplasms

Glycogen concentration and the activities of enzymes of glycogen metabolism in myometrium of pre- and postmenopausal and pregnant women and in myomas were determined. Glycogen concentration in muscle from nonpregnant women was about 3 mg/g and rose to 13 mg/g in tissues obtained during cesarean sections. The activities of glycogen synthase phosphatase and phosphorylase were also markedly higher in myometrium of pregnant women. In 5 out of 8 myomas glycogen concentration and enzyme activities were similar to those found at the end of pregnancy. These observations suggest that glycogen metabolism of the myometrium is under the control of hormones and that the local hormonal environment of myomas may be different from that of the surrounding tissue.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Estrogens; Female; Glycogen; Glycogen Synthase; Humans; Leiomyoma; Menopause; Middle Aged; Myometrium; Phosphorylase a; Phosphorylase b; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Stimulation, Chemical; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus

Enzymatic equipment in peripheral blood neutrophils has been determined in 10 women with cervical carcinoma, 5 with carcinoma of the uterus body and 30 women with myomas of the uterus. Using cytochemical techniques the authors observed the intracellular deficiency of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase accompanied by diminished absolute count of the enzyme-positive cells as well as the beta-glucuronidase- and the myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophils. Lowered activity of the myeloperoxidase was another pattern of cells in question. The acid phosphatase activity of neutrophils in the patients was significantly elevated. It has been suggested that observed intracellular deficiencies of selected enzymes within the neutrophils are of importance with regard to lowered antitumor activity of that cells operating mainly through the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Glucuronidase; Glycogen; Humans; Leiomyoma; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

1) Well-differentiated carcinomas of the endometrium contain acid mucins with carboxyl or, more rarely, sulphated radicals. The latter are found in certain hypersecretory papillary tumours. 2) The neoplastic cells are surrounded by a border rich in acid muco-substances, including sialic acid. This pericellular film is unaffected by progestogens. 3) With progestogen therapy, there is a marked increase in the secretion of muco-substances in sensitive malignant cells. There is also more glycogen in the cytoplasm. No qualitative change in secretion may be demonstrated. 4) The intracytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen and mucopolysaccharide material is inversely proportional to the mitiotic index.

Topics: Cytoplasm; Endometriosis; Female; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Mitotic Index; Mucins; Progesterone Congeners; Sialic Acids; Uterine Neoplasms

Glycogen content, glycogen synthetase, and glycogen phosphorylase were studied in placental tissue of normal pregnancy and in vesicles of hydatidiform mole. The glycogen content of placental tissue of normal pregnancy decreased significantly with increased gestational age: 6 to 10 weeks, 716.6 +/- 55.7 mg/100 gm wet weight (mean +/- standard error of the mean); 15 to 20 weeks, 216.1 +/- 11.2 mg/100 gm; and 37 to 41 weeks, 176.1 +/- 18.1 mg/100 gm. The decrease in placental glycogen content was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the placental glycogen synthetase enzyme levels, whereas no remarkable change was found in the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme levels. The glycogen content of hydatidiform mole tissue from 10 patients (13 to 20 weeks of gestation) was 507.0 +/- 58.0 mg/100 gm and was significantly (P less than 0.005) higher than that of normal placental tissue with a corresponding period of gestation. A possible cause of this phenomenon may be the marked decrease in the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme level in hydatidiform mole tissue, which was about one-third that of the normal placental tissue.

Topics: Female; Gestational Age; Glycogen; Glycogen Synthase; Humans; Hydatidiform Mole; Phosphorylases; Placenta; Pregnancy; Uterine Neoplasms

This paper presents preliminary data concerning the relationship of various components of glandular epithelium and effect of enzymes on metabolism, storage, and release of certain substances in normal and abnormal endometria. Activity of these endometrial enzymes has been compared between two groups: 252 patients with normal menstrual histories and 156 patients, all over the age of 40, with abnormal uterine bleeding. Material was obtained by endometrial biopsy or curettage. In the pathologic classification of the group of 156, 30 patients had secretory endometria, 88 patients had endometria classified as proliferative, 24 were classified as endometrial hyperplasia, and 14 were classified as adenocarcinoma. All tissue was studied by histologic, histochemical, and biochemical methods. Glycogen synthetase activity caused synthesis of glucose to glycogen, increasing in amount until midcycle, when glycogen phosphorylase activity caused the breakdown to glucose during the regressive stage of endometrial activity. This normal cyclic activity did not occur in the abnormal endometria, where activity of both enzymes continued at low constant tempo. Only the I form of glycogen synthetase increased as the tissue became more hyperplastic. With the constant glycogen content and the increased activity of both the TPN isocitric dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the hyperplastic and cancerous endometria, tissue energy was created, resulting in abnormal cell proliferation. These altered biochemical and cellular activities may be the basis for malignant cell growth.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cell Membrane Permeability; Citric Acid Cycle; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Endometrium; Estradiol; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycogen; Glycogen Synthase; Hexosephosphates; Humans; Menstruation; Middle Aged; Phosphorylases; Progestins; Uterine Diseases; Uterine Neoplasms

The amount of glycogen in venous blood and uterine tissue from 135 women undergoing gynecologic surgery was quantitatively determined. One group had myoma (n = 48), another endometriosis (n = 30). 18 women had myoma combined with endometriosis of the myometrium. 39 women served as control group. The following samples of the uterus were obtained immediately after removal: endometrium, myometrium, cervix and "tumour". The glycogen content in pathological cases was compared to normal tissue of comparative endocrine state, parity status and glucose tolerance. The significance levels were determined by standard analysis of variance and "t" tests. In the group with endometriosis, a significant difference occurred in the amount of blood glycogen, while a significant decrease was observed in the myometrial tissue. The cervical tissue glycogen levels of patients with myoma or endometriosis were significantly higher and did not exhibit cyclic or menopausal changes. There were no significant cyclic differences in the amount of endometrial tissue glycogen in women with myoma or endometriosis. In these cases the glycogen content was significantly higher than in healthy endometrial tissue. Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were found to be in a normal spectrum. Pathological glucose tolerance and parity status showed no correlation to the variation of uterine tissue glycogen.

Topics: Blood Glucose; Cervix Uteri; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Hysterectomy; Insulin; Leiomyoma; Mathematics; Menopause; Menstruation; Uterine Neoplasms

Studies on glycogen metabolism in tissues of endometrial cancer with various morphological structure have indicated that in most cases irrespective of the level of differentiation endometrial tumors contain no glycogen and show a slight activity of glycogensynthetase, phosphorylase and oxido-reductive enzymes. However, among the tumors under study there may be cases, which are characterized by a high content of glycogen and enzymes related with its metabolism. In these patients endometrial cancer was preceded by persistant disorders in the menstrual cycle. The relation between two types of the glycogen metabolism in endometrial cancer and the state of endogenous hormonal background is discussed.

Topics: Aged; Endometrium; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Menstruation Disturbances; Middle Aged; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasmic Granules; Elastic Tissue; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Hemangioma; Heterochromatin; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth; Myofibrils; Nucleotidases; Staining and Labeling; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cell Nucleus; Collagen; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms; Female; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Male; Mesothelioma; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mucins; Mullerian Ducts; Reticulin; Testicular Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Nucleus; Cell Wall; Endometrium; Energy Metabolism; Estradiol; Female; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glycogen; Glycogen Synthase; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Menopause; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Organ Culture Techniques; Ovulation; Progesterone; Uterine Hemorrhage; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Basement Membrane; Cell Nucleus; Chromatin; Cytoplasm; Desmosomes; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Ovarian Neoplasms; Polyribosomes; Ribosomes; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Endometrium; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Membranes; Microscopy, Electron; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Biopsy; Cervix Uteri; Endometrium; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Menopause; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chlormadinone Acetate; Cytoplasm; Edema; Epithelium; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glycogen; Humans; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Mitosis; Mucus; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Female; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Leiomyoma; Methods; Muscle, Smooth; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus

Topics: Cervix Uteri; Endometrium; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Genitalia, Female; Glycogen; Humans; Menopause; Menstruation; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus

Topics: Endometriosis; Endometrium; Female; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Polysaccharides; Pregnancy; Staining and Labeling; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Membrane; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive; Lipids; Mitochondria; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Pseudopregnancy; Rats; RNA; Trophoblasts; Uterine Neoplasms; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Aged; Cell Membrane; Cell Nucleolus; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chromosomes; Epithelium; Female; Glycogen; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Mullerian Ducts; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Basement Membrane; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasmic Granules; Endometrium; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Exocrine Glands; Female; Glycogen; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria, Liver; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Aminosalicylic Acids; Endometrium; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Glycogen; Humans; Precancerous Conditions; Pregnancy; Staining and Labeling; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Castration; Decidua; Female; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Mice; Progesterone; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus

Topics: Adult; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lipids; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth; Myoma; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus

Topics: Choriocarcinoma; Coloring Agents; Female; Glycogen; Glycoproteins; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydatidiform Mole; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Metabolism; Oxidoreductases; Pathology; Periodic Acid; Pregnancy; Staining and Labeling; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Endometrium; Female; Fibroma; Glycogen; Humans; Leiomyoma; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Disease; Endometrium; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Hyperplasia; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Cervix Uteri; Early Diagnosis; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Neoplasms; Nucleic Acids; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms