glycogen and Swine-Diseases

The objectives of this study were to determine whether two preslaughter management treatments, rest and mixing, influence the muscle quality of porcine stress syndrome (PSS) heterozygous (Nn) market hogs and to verify the expected quality characteristics of carcasses produced from PSS-normal (NN) and PSS-susceptible (nn) animals. Twenty-nine Nn, 14 NN, and 9 nn market hogs were randomly assigned to preslaughter handling treatments. One-half of the animals in each genotype group received 16 h of rest before slaughter, and the remaining pigs were slaughtered immediately upon arrival at the Iowa State University Meat Laboratory. Within each group, half of the Nn animals were mixed with unfamiliar pigs during transport and lairage. Length, backfat, and loin muscle area (LMA) were not affected by mixing and rest treatment. The carcasses from nn pigs had less fat (P < .05) measured at the 10th rib (off midline) and last lumbar vertebra (midline) and possessed larger LMA than carcasses from NN pigs. Heterozygous pigs were intermediate for most carcass traits. Carcass pH values among heterozygous groups were not significantly different, except that the rested animals had higher ultimate pH values (P < .01) and higher 45-min pH values. Resting had no effect on pH of NN or nn pigs. The 45-min pH values of nn carcasses were lower (P < .01) than those of NN carcasses, but ultimate pH values were similar. Values of unrested Nn animals were between those of NN and nn genotypes but with rest approached values of NN pigs. Loin muscle Minolta-Y and Hunter-L values from unrested Nn animals were higher ( P < .05) than those of rested Nn animals. Mixing did not influence these traits. The longissimus muscle lipid content was not influenced by treatment but differed among genotypes (P < .01). Glycogen levels of rested Nn animals tended to be lower than those of NN animals and approached those of nn pigs. Mixing of Nn animals resulted in higher (P < .05) chewiness scores of cooked loin chops. No significant cooking loss or InstronTM tenderness differences were observed between the PSS-Nn treatment groups. Even though 16 h of rest before slaughter improved the color and water-holding capacity of Nn pigs, effects were small and were much less than those that were due to the PSS gene.

Topics: Animals; Genotype; Glycogen; Heterozygote; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipids; Meat; Muscles; Rest; Stress, Physiological; Swine; Swine Diseases; Syndrome; Temperature

The ultrastructural localization of glucose-6-phosphatase activity and glycogen were investigated in the longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscles of normal and splaylegged newborn piglets. Significant differences were ascertained in the distribution of the reaction product of glucose-6-phosphatase activity between the two groups of animals. A fine precipitate was found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and in the perinuclear cisternae of normal piglet muscles. In splaylegged muscles, variable deposits of coarse reaction product were observed within the extremely dilated cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum at their periphery. Moreover, both longitudinal and transversal ultrathin sections of these muscles showed a reduced number of myofibrils and an increased accumulation of glycogen (especially within the large extramyofibrillar spaces) in comparison with muscles of normal piglets.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glycogen; Hindlimb; Microscopy, Electron; Muscle, Skeletal; Swine; Swine Diseases

Two transport experiments were carried out with 18 pigs each. These pigs originated from three genetic lines (homozygous halothane-positive and -negative and heterozygotes). Half the pigs were unfed for 12 h before transport. All pigs were transported twice for 2 h. Before and after transport pigs were anesthetized to take blood samples from the jugular vein and biopsies from the biceps femoris. At the same time equipment to measure body temperature and heart rate were attached or detached. Plasma cortisol and beta-endorphin concentrations were measured as well as the glycogen concentration in the muscle sample. Line differences were detected with respect to body temperature (P < .04), heart rate (P < .05), and cortisol (P < .01). The withholding of feed influenced (P < .04) plasma beta-endorphin concentration. Body temperature (P < .02), heart rate (P < .001), cortisol (P < .01), and beta-endorphin (P < .001) were different before and after transport, whereas a training effect of the transport number was observed for heart rate (P < .07) and plasma beta-endorphin (P < .02). No interactions between treatments were observed. The relationship between cortisol and beta-endorphin suggests a nonconcomitant release of ACTH and beta-endorphin.

Topics: Animal Welfare; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Body Temperature; Female; Glycogen; Halothane; Heart Rate; Hydrocortisone; Malignant Hyperthermia; Muscle, Skeletal; Stress, Physiological; Swine; Swine Diseases; Transportation

Muscle metabolism was studied in pigs of different halothane genotypes by taking blood and muscle biopsy samples during a 45-min preslaughter period of anesthesia. Dantrolene was administered to half the pigs of each genotype to investigate whether possible differences in muscle metabolism could be explained by differences in resting myoplasmic calcium concentrations. Dantrolene influenced muscle metabolism of all halothane genotypes to the same extent, leading to higher (P < .05) glycogen and creatine phosphate concentrations and lower (P < .05) lactate and creatine concentrations. Dantrolene could not reduce the small but significant (P < .05) differences observed in resting muscle metabolism between the genotypes, and halothane-positive pigs had lower (P < .05) glycogen and creatine phosphate contents. Postmortem muscle metabolism showed differences (P < .05) between the three halothane genotypes, with the highest rate of glycolysis in halothane-positive pigs. Dantrolene resulted in a significantly slower (P < .05) glycogen and creatine-P breakdown, which led to a less rapid (P < .05) accumulation of lactate and creatine in both muscles. Meat quality characteristics differed between the halothane genotypes but no PSE meat was detected. Dantrolene administration resulted in an elevation (P < .05) of the pH in the longissimus lumborum and in lower (P < .05) rigor values of the semimembranosus, both measured at 45 min after slaughter. Water-holding capacity was higher (P < .05) and Hunter L*-values lower (P < .05) is dantrolene-treated pigs than in the control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Biopsy, Needle; Calcium; Creatine; Dantrolene; Genotype; Glycogen; Halothane; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Male; Malignant Hyperthermia; Meat; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Stress, Physiological; Swine; Swine Diseases

Post mortem glycolysis patterns were investigated in healthy pigs and in pigs with malignant hyperthermia syndrome (MHS). The beginning of glycolysis in the muscle of MHS-sensitive pigs is shifted, it is earlier than in the muscles of MHS-resistant animals. This earlier beginning is documented by lower glycogen values, higher lactate values, and also by the lower pH value as soon as 15 minutes after the slaughter of animals in this group. In the muscles of pigs with malignant hyperthermia syndrome the process of glycolysis is accelerated by the pre-slaughter stress. This is demonstrated first of all by a faster increase in the lactate content and by a faster decrease in the pH value in all periods of investigation. No discernible acceleration in the glycolysis pattern following the stress was observed in the MHS-resistant pigs. Glycogen depletion occurred in both groups of animals in all three types of muscles, the highest loss was recorded in white fibers.

Topics: Animals; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Malignant Hyperthermia; Muscles; Postmortem Changes; Swine; Swine Diseases; Time Factors

Analysis of the major biochemical components of Taenia hydatigena cysticerci collected from goats and pigs showed marked differences, particularly in glycogen, protein, lipid and DNA levels. Differences were also detected in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids. Furthermore, the profile of phospholipid fractions revealed quantitative differences between the two species. It is concluded that the cysticerci of goat and pig origin probably represent two different strains and possibly follow the same pattern of speciation as reported in the related taeniid, Echinococcus granulosus.

Topics: Animals; Cysticercosis; Cysticercus; DNA; Glycogen; Goat Diseases; Goats; Lipids; Proteins; RNA; Swine; Swine Diseases; Taenia

A technique of obtaining muscle biopsies with a liquid nitrogen cryoprobe was used to study intramuscular metabolites in MH-susceptible and unsusceptible pigs. There was no significant difference in muscle metabolite values obtained from susceptible and unsusceptible pigs in the resting state. During MH the changes in metabolites were a result of rapid glycogenolysis and no abnormality of glycolytic control was observed.

Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Creatine; Glycogen; Lactates; Malignant Hyperthermia; Muscles; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Swine; Swine Diseases

The effects of maternal diabetes (induced d 78 of gestation) and food deprivation (last 20 d of gestation) on the histochemical disposition of fetal adipose tissue at 112 d of gestation were determined. In both cases, there was an increased number of fat cell clusters by comparison with the control. In the fetuses of diabetic pigs, there were striking effects on adipocyte size and the extent of lipid filling of presumptive adipose space. In these fetuses, the adipocytes were large and many were unilocular, whereas, those in the fetuses of control and fasted pigs were smaller. The adipose tissue space of the control was "empty" compared with that of fetuses of diabetic pigs. Adipocytes from fetuses of diabetic pigs contained intracellular glycogen deposits, which were not present in adipocytes of control and fasted progeny. Maternal fasting and diabetes increased the number of lipid-containing adipocytes in fetal adipose tissue. An additional effect of maternal diabetes was to increase fetal adipocyte size over that of fetuses of control and fasted pigs.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Fasting; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Glycogen; Lipids; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Animals; Arginine; Cross Reactions; Fermentation; Glycogen; Humans; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Inulin; Quinine; Streptococcus; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Female; Fetus; Glycogen; Insulin; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Muscle Development; Muscles; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Creatine Kinase; Female; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Male; Muscles; Muscular Diseases; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Stress, Physiological; Swine; Swine Diseases; Syndrome

Thirteen of 31 Belgian Landrace pigs developed malignant hyperthermia (MH) after breathing halothane. A short period of exercise 1 h before the administration of the triggering agent increased the incidence of the syndrome to 100% in eight similar pigs. Clinical symptoms were more marked and developed more rapidly in the exercised pigs. All the reacting pigs became typically acidotic, developed rigor and died. Serum Na+, K+, Ca2+, c.p.k., l.d.h. and protein concentrations were increased to a variable extent during the reaction and there was an increase in p.c.v. also. No hyperglycaemia was detected in pigs which were rested before receiving halothane. Four of the eight exercised pigs became markedly hyperglycaemic and plasma noradrenaline increased to higher values. Phosphocreatine and ATP decreased to low values and lactate increased in the muscles of all pigs which reacted. At the time of death, muscle glycogen had decreased significantly in the rested, but not in the exercised, MH pigs.

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Calcium; Creatine Kinase; Disease Models, Animal; Glycogen; Halothane; Heart; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Malignant Hyperthermia; Muscles; Norepinephrine; Physical Exertion; Respiration; Sodium; Stress, Physiological; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Animals; Female; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Sarcoptes scabiei; Scabies; Skin; Skin Tests; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Ear, External; Female; Glycogen; Hemagglutination Tests; Histocytochemistry; Iron; Male; Sarcoptes scabiei; Scabies; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Male; Muscles; Myofibrils; NADP; Phosphorylases; Stress, Physiological; Swine; Swine Diseases