glycogen and Rodent-Diseases

Two hereditary muscular dystrophies similar to human progressive muscular dystrophy (P.M.D. Duchenne type) have been isolated in animals, one in mouse, the other in chicken. The decrease in the activity of glycogenolytic enzymes is similar to that observed in denervated muscle. Isozymic fetal types for several muscular enzymes have been observed as well in chicken as in man, but this fetal type may also be found in neurogenic atrophy. The release in circulation of muscle enzymes seems more specific. But the origin of the genetic lesion is still unknown. We describe here the three different theories about this problem: i.e. neurogenic, vascular, or myogenic. This last theory implies a trouble of membrane permeability.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Chickens; Creatine Kinase; Glycogen; Heterozygote; Humans; Isoenzymes; Mice; Muscle Proteins; Muscles; Muscular Dystrophies; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal; Myofibrils; Poultry Diseases; Rodent Diseases

The metabolism of Trichinella spp. is primarily anoxybiotic in nature. Their main energy source is glycogen, which is stored in the stichocites at the muscular stage of the larval development. When subject to tow temperatures the Trichinella larvae consume glycogen and neutral fats to provide for basal metabolism until the energy supplies reach the critical level. The present study establishes the glycogen concentration as well the invasive activity of T. nativа when affected by low temperatures in natural conditions. The carcasses of infected laboratory rats were placed in containers beneath the snow cover, in the natural conditions of a game husbandry in Central Russia. The viability, invasive capacity and the glycogen level were monitored in the Trichinella larvae monthly. The invasive capacity of Trichinella larvae was established based on the presence of the larvae in the muscular tissue of laboratory mice after the peroral administration of the helminth larvae. On the 45 day of the experiment, the mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and if the Trichinella larvae could be discovered in the muscular tissue with the help of the trichinelloscopic compression method, the invasive capacity of the Trichinella larvae was viewed as positive. To establish the quantitative value of glycogen content in Trichinella larvae a modified method was used. In order to measure the glycogen level in the T. nativa larvae isolated by fermentation larvae were counted in one drop of the suspended sedimentation in the Migacheva-Kotelnikov chamber. To establish the quantitative value of glycogen content in Trichinella larvae a method based on the treatment of glycogen with iodine, optical density measurement with a refractometer MКMФ-02 was used. For the purpose of measuring the concentration of glycogen in Trichinella larvae in the suspended sedimentation a calibration curve was used. The studies showed that the viability indicator of the Trichinella larvae which had been preserved in natural conditions in the four months of the winter-spring period, in the muscular tissue of laboratory rats remained high (over 90 %). The glycogen concentration in one helminth larva was 0.041 μg in January, 0.033 μg in February, 0.015 μg in April. The invasive capability of the preserved Trichinella larvae was considerably reduced to 33.3 %. In the winter period, under temperatures below 0 °C, a decrease in the glycogen concentration in the Trichinella larvae was observed.

Topics: Animals; Cold Temperature; Glycogen; Larva; Mice; Rats; Rodent Diseases; Seasons; Trichinella; Trichinellosis

The metabolism of Trichinella spp. is primarily anoxybiotic in nature. Their main energy source is glycogen, which is stored in the stichocites at the muscular stage of the larval development. When subject to tow temperatures the Trichinella larvae consume glycogen and neutral fats to provide for basal metabolism until the energy supplies reach the critical level. The present study establishes the glycogen concentration as well the invasive activity of T. nativа when affected by low temperatures in natural conditions. The carcasses of infected laboratory rats were placed in containers beneath the snow cover, in the natural conditions of a game husbandry in Central Russia. The viability, invasive capacity and the glycogen level were monitored in the Trichinella larvae monthly. The invasive capacity of Trichinella larvae was established based on the presence of the larvae in the muscular tissue of laboratory mice after the peroral administration of the helminth larvae. On the 45 day of the experiment, the mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and if the Trichinella larvae could be discovered in the muscular tissue with the help of the trichinelloscopic compression method, the invasive capacity of the Trichinella larvae was viewed as positive. To establish the quantitative value of glycogen content in Trichinella larvae a modified method was used. In order to measure the glycogen level in the T. nativa larvae isolated by fermentation larvae were counted in one drop of the suspended sedimentation in the Migacheva-Kotelnikov chamber. To establish the quantitative value of glycogen content in Trichinella larvae a method based on the treatment of glycogen with iodine, optical density measurement with a refractometer MКMФ-02 was used. For the purpose of measuring the concentration of glycogen in Trichinella larvae in the suspended sedimentation a calibration curve was used. The studies showed that the viability indicator of the Trichinella larvae which had been preserved in natural conditions in the four months of the winter-spring period, in the muscular tissue of laboratory rats remained high (over 90 %). The glycogen concentration in one helminth larva was 0.041 μg in January, 0.033 μg in February, 0.015 μg in April. The invasive capability of the preserved Trichinella larvae was considerably reduced to 33.3 %. In the winter period, under temperatures below 0 °C, a decrease in the glycogen concentration in the Trichinella larvae was observed.

Topics: Animals; Cadaver; Cold Temperature; Glycogen; Larva; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Muscles; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rodent Diseases; Russia; Seasons; Trichinella; Trichinellosis

Topics: Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Arteriosclerosis; Arvicolinae; Body Water; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Glycogen; Housing, Animal; Hypoxia; Leukocyte Count; Life Expectancy; Litter Size; Male; Muscles; Nephritis, Interstitial; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Rodent Diseases; Rodentia

Topics: Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Arvicolinae; Blood Cell Count; Female; Glycogen; Housing, Animal; Life Expectancy; Litter Size; Male; Muscles; Nephritis, Interstitial; Oxygen Consumption; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Rodent Diseases; Rodentia

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Glucose; Glycogen; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Kidney; Liver; Masticatory Muscles; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mucous Membrane; Palate; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Rodent Diseases

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Diaphragm; Glucose; Glycogen; Hyperinsulinism; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Obesity; Rats; Rodent Diseases

Topics: Animals; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Heart Neoplasms; Rhabdomyoma; Rodent Diseases

Topics: Animals; Bird Diseases; Birds; Glycogen; Glycolates; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Mice; Muscles; Muscular Dystrophies; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal; Phosphorylase Kinase; Rats; Rodent Diseases

Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Animals; Female; Glycogen; Immunity; Intestines; Lipids; Microscopy, Electron; Ovum; Rats; Rodent Diseases; Time Factors