glycogen and Periodontal-Diseases

Exopolysaccharides have a diverse set of functions in most bacteria including a mechanistic role in protecting bacteria against environmental stresses. Among the many functions attributed to the exopolysaccharides, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, immune evasion and colonization have been studied most extensively. The exopolysaccharide produced by many Gram positive as well as Gram negative bacteria including the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is the homopolymer of β(1,6)-linked N-acetylglucosamine. Recently, we reported that the PGA-deficient mutant of A. actinomycetemcomitans failed to colonize or induce bone resorption in a rat model of periodontal disease, and the colonization genes, apiA and aae, were significantly down regulated in the mutant strain. To understand the role of exopolysaccharide and the pga locus in the global expression of A. actinomycetemcomitans, we have used comparative transcriptome profiling to identify differentially expressed genes in the wild-type strain in relation to the PGA-deficient strain. Transcriptome analysis revealed that about 50% of the genes are differently expressed (P < 0.05 and fold change >1.5). Our study demonstrated that the absence of the pga locus affects the genes involved in peptidoglycan recycling, glycogen storage, and virulence. Further, using confocal microscopy and plating assays, we show that the viability of pga mutant strain is significantly reduced during biofilm growth. Thus, this study highlights the importance of pga genes and the exopolysaccharide in the virulence of A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Knockout Techniques; Genes, Bacterial; Glycogen; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Peptidoglycan; Periodontal Diseases; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Rats; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gingiva; Gingival Recession; Glycogen; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Radiography, Dental

If the active permeability of the oral mucosa ensures the possibility of the direct application of various substances, its influence on the intensity of metabolic processes must be detectable in the histochemical way. The present animal experiments were intended for verifying thaction of a preparation (Herbadont) on the basis of vegetable active principles on changes in the contents of ribonucleic acid, glycogen and SH and COOH groups in the gingiva. It was shown that the removal of clinical inflammatory symptoms by this preparation is associated with a decrease in the contents of COOH and SH groups, ribonucleoproteids and glucogen which are increased in case of disease. Concomitantly, the intensity of the reaction on NH2 groups and the ascorbic acid content increase.

Topics: Gingiva; Gingivitis; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Plant Extracts; Plants; RNA; Sulfhydryl Compounds

Comparative examinations were carried out on the Glycogen content in the gingiva of patients suffering from parodontal disease as well as in dogs with experimental model of parodontal disease. The latter was obtained by stimulation of the mandibular nerve by means of a silk ligature. Thirty-five biopsies were taken from the patients, suffering from parodontal disease and eight - from 4 experimental dogs. The preparations were treated with periodic acid (PAS reaction).

Topics: Adult; Animals; Basement Membrane; Chronic Disease; Dogs; Gingiva; Gingivectomy; Glycogen; Humans; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Connective Tissue; Gingiva; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Lipids; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Polysaccharides; Proteins

Topics: Alveolar Process; Collagen; Extracellular Space; Glycogen; Humans; Osteoblasts; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium

Topics: Gingiva; Glycogen; Humans; Nucleic Acids; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Disease; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontium

Topics: Blood; Blood Glucose; Gingival Diseases; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycogen; Humans; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Gingiva; Gingival Diseases; Glycogen; Humans; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Dental Occlusion, Traumatic; Gingiva; Gingival Diseases; Glycogen; Humans; Jaw; Periodontal Diseases; Tooth Injuries

Topics: Gingiva; Gingival Diseases; Glycogen; Humans; Periodontal Diseases