glycogen and Leukemia--Myeloid--Acute

Topics: Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminosalicylic Acids; Cell Differentiation; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Peroxidases; Phospholipids

The characteristics of insulin receptor binding and structure and its proliferative and metabolic action in a human leukemic cell line was investigated during the cell cycle. Exponentially growing cells were separated by counterflow centrifugation which fractionates cells primarily on the basis of size into subpopulations representing G0/G1, S, and G2 + M cells. This method avoids disturbance of the cellular metabolism. After separation the cells showed a viability of at least 92%, underwent further proliferation, and remained morphologically unchanged, which was shown by electron microscopy. The cells could be enriched to 70-90% purity for G0/G1 phase and 50-60% purity for S and G2 + M phase, respectively, which was shown by DNA flow-cytometry. Specific binding of insulin could be demonstrated in G0/G1, S, and G2 + M enriched cells. Insulin binding sites decreased from 20-25,000 per cell in G0/G1 to 1-2,000 in S and increased to 30-50,000 in G2 + M. The affinity of insulin binding remained nearly constant during the cell cycle. The specificity of the insulin receptor could also be demonstrated by covalent crosslinking of the receptor to radiolabeled ligand in all enriched cell fractions. Glucose transport was stimulated by insulin independently of cell cycle. An increase to 140% of control was observed at an insulin concentration of 10 ng/ml. In contrast, glycogen synthesis could only be stimulated by insulin in the G0/G1 phase. An increase to 140% of control was already reached at 0.25 ng/ml insulin. Insulin in concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/ml stimulated the transit to S-phase in cycling, but not in resting, cells. The growth promoting action of insulin could be investigated by consecutive DNA analysis of the separated cells which had been stimulated by insulin.

Topics: Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Cell Separation; Flow Cytometry; Glycogen; Humans; Insulin; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The influence of cytostatic drugs (L-asparaginase, vincristine, 6-mercaptopurine, amethopterine, prednisone) on the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase, alpha-naphtol-acetate esterase, the content of glycogen and lipids in leukocytes of peripheral blood in patients with acute leukemia was investigated. Under the influence of anti-leukemic drugs some cytochemical reactions typically changed in different forms of acute leukemia showed tendency to normalization being sometimes more distinctive than leukocytosis or even than white blood picture. In patients who did not show any improvement during the treatment the disturbances of cytochemical reactions intensified or, sometimes, remaining unchanged. The repetition of examination of cytochemical reactions changing distinctively in the chemotherapy may simplify the treatment control by better estimation of its efficiency and give some prognostic hints.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Female; Glycogen; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lipids; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lipids; Lymphocytes; Prognosis

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Peroxidases

A report is presented on the changes of cytochemical reactions of neutrophilic granulocytes in children during acute leukaemia. Various hydrolases revealed a significant increase of activity during the acute stage of disease. The enzyme activity begins to decrease in remission, but regains its normal value only in the activity of alkaline granulocytic phosphatase. The glycogen content of granulocytes is reduced at the beginning of the disease and during the recidive as well as in the granulocytes of children affected with chronic myeloid leukaemia. The enhanced enzyme activity of granulocytes refers to the fact that the defence function of cells in acute leukaemias is not completely cancelled. Only a decreased glycogen content of cells refers to a disturbance in the metabolism of granulocytes.

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child; Glycogen; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Neutrophils; Phenols

In the bone marrow of two patients with acute leukemia 46% and 55% of atypical eosinophilic cells were found, respectively. Blood eosinophilia was absent. The N-AS-D-Cl-Esterase reaction of the granules was positive in the first case in 58%, and in the second case in 3% of the eosinophils, as well as the PAS-reaction in all cells of this series. The ultrastructure of the eosinophils reveals nuclear maturation up to hypersegmentation. The maturation of the granules, in part of abnormal size, is arrested at the primary stage. Typical secondary granules with cristalloid cores are lacking. Only in the first case a few, small, semicircular or circular profiles of lamellar substructure are seen in the granules. The cytoplasm of hypersegmentated eosinophils shows an abnormally high glycogen content. Besides the eosinophils, monocytic cells and their precursors proliferate in the bone marrow of the first patient. In the second patient myeloblasts, promyelocytes with Auer rods, and monocytic cells characterize further neoplastic cell population. The elements of the monocytic series can be identified by their ultrastructural features, such as irregular configuration of the nuclei, bundles of cytoplasmatic microfilaments, and numerous small electron-dense lysosomal granules. In both cases the Alpha-Naphthyl-Acetase-Esterase reaction is weakly positive. The findings presented are summarized under the terms "eosinophil-monocytic leukemia" and "eosinophil-myelomonocytic leukemia" (collective term).

Topics: Adult; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Eosinophils; Esterases; Glycogen; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Monocytes

Ascitic cells in the logarithmic growth phase increase the accumulation of glycogen particles in the course of explantation into suspension culture, probably due to the increasing arrest of glycogenolytic enzymes. At this age, a part of the cells are capable of restitution by exopinocytosis of the glycogen-containing vacuoles ia formation of cytoplasmic buds. Older cells, taken from the plateau-phase, pass atypical differentiation and ageing, are less capable of hindering the abnormal accumulation of glycogen and the hypervacuolisation. As a consequence, the cells finally degenerate and die.

Topics: Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Cell Biology; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Glycogen; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Microscopy, Electron; Mitosis; Models, Biological; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Child, Preschool; Glycogen; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lipids; Lymphatic Diseases; Peroxidases

Topics: Agglutination; Agglutination Tests; Animals; Binding Sites, Antibody; Carbohydrates; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Concanavalin A; Cricetinae; Fibroblasts; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glycogen; Leukemia, Experimental; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Male; Mice; Movement; Rats; Tritium; Trypsin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow; Cell Membrane; Cell Nucleolus; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; DNA; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Organoids; Ribosomes

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Cell Count; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Proteins; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Lactates; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Remission, Spontaneous; Thrombin; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Diphosphate; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Blood Proteins; Cell Survival; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Epinephrine; Glutamates; Glycogen; Glycogen Synthase; Histocompatibility Antigens; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lysine; Platelet Adhesiveness; Prostaglandins; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Thrombin; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Nucleus; Child; Child, Preschool; Computers; Cytoplasm; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Organoids

Topics: Adult; Amylases; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Child; Fats; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Periodic Acid; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Deoxyuridine; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosyltransferases; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; NADP; Nucleosides; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Phosphotransferases; Polycythemia; Uridine

Topics: Adult; Aged; Esterases; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Inflammation; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; NADP; Phagocytosis; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Skin Window Technique; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Bone Marrow Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Glucosyltransferases; Glycogen; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Myeloproliferative Disorders