glycogen and Hemorrhage

Hantaan virus is the causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The Hantaan virus strain, Korean hemorrhagic fever virus clone-5 (KHF5), causes weight loss and renal hemorrhage in laboratory mice. Clone-4 (KHF4), which has a single E417K amino acid change in its glycoprotein, is an avirulent variant. In this study, KHF4 and KHF5 were compared to evaluate pathological differences in mice in vitro and in vivo. The characteristics of the two glycoproteins were not significantly different in vitro. However, the virulent KHF5 strain targeted the lungs and caused pneumonia and edema in vivo. Both strains induced high infectivity levels in the liver and caused hepatitis; however, petechial hemorrhage and glycogen storage reduction were observed in KHF5-infected mice alone. Renal hemorrhage was observed using viral antigens in the tubular region of KHF5-infected mice. In addition, an increase in white blood cell levels and neutrophilia were found in KHF5-infected mice. Microarray analysis of liver cells showed that CD8+ T cell activation, acute-phase protein production, and neutrophil activation was induced by KHF5 infection. KHF5 infectivity was significantly increased in vivo and the histological and clinicopathological findings were similar to those in patients with HFRS.

Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Amino Acids; Animals; Antigens, Viral; Glycogen; Hantaan virus; Hemorrhage; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome; Mice

Both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) activation and protein kinase B (Akt) activation have been reported to regulate glucose transport during myocardial I/R. An increase in cardiac glycogen levels prevents myocardial injury in the ischemic or stressed heart. Although studies have shown that 17"-estradiol (E2)-mediated improvement in cardiac function after trauma-hemorrhage is via p38 activation, it remains unknown whether p38/Akt plays any role in regulation of cardiac glycogen levels under these conditions. To study this, male rats underwent trauma-hemorrhage(mean blood pressure, x40 mmHg for 90 min) followed by fluid resuscitation. At the onset of resuscitation, rats (n=6 per group) were treated with vehicle, E2 (1 mg/kg body weight), the p38 inhibitor SB203580 (2 mg/kg body weight), or E2 and SB203580. Various parameters were measured at 2 h after resuscitation. One-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used for statistical analysis, and differences were considered significant at P<0.05. The depressed cardiac function after trauma-hemorrhage was restored by E2 treatment (P<0.05). Administration of E2 after trauma-hemorrhage also normalized the p38/Akt phosphorylation, which was associated with restoration of cardiac glycogen, glycogen synthase kinase 3"activation, glucose transporter 4 translocation, and increased hexokinase II levels (all parameters, P<0.05). Inhibition of the p38 pathway abolished the E2-induced restoration in above parameters after trauma-hemorrhage. These results suggest that p38-dependent normalization of cardiac Akt phosphorylation and glycogen levels plays an important role in E2-mediated restoration of cardiac function after trauma-hemorrhage.

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Enzyme Inhibitors; Estrogens; Glycogen; Heart Ventricles; Hemorrhage; Imidazoles; Male; Myocardium; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The general method for stunning poultry before slaughter is by immersion of a chicken's head into an electrified waterbath. This method results in carcass and meat quality deficiencies. The major problems are hemorrhages and a delay in onset of rigor mortis, which increases the risk of cold shortening with early deboning. In two experiments, this study examines the early postmortem metabolism in the breast muscle and its effect on ultimate meat quality. The first experiment describes the effects of 5 h feed deprivation on the availability of glycogen from the liver and the breast muscle, of waterbath and head-only electrical stunning on pH and metabolite levels up to 6 h in unprocessed muscle, and the consequences on meat quality. The second experiment compares the same measurements after waterbath and head-only electrical stunning, CO2/O2/N2 and Ar/CO2 gases, and captive needle stunning. Metabolic degradation halted after 6 h without processing or after 4 h under conventional conditions after waterbath and CO2/O2/N2 stunning. With other stunning methods, this occurrence is at a faster rate, largely depending on muscle activity. Muscle glycogen does not need to be exhausted for energy generation to cease. If glycogen is a limiting factor, as found with head-only stunning, pH drops too rapidly and affects water-holding capacity and color. Hemorrhage scores were higher with electrical stunning than with other stunning methods. Gas stunning affected color and, to a lesser extent, water-holding capacity. Captive needle stunning scored between gas and electrical stunning on most measurements.

Topics: Abattoirs; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Chickens; Electricity; Food Deprivation; Food Technology; Fossil Fuels; Glucose; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Liver; Meat; Muscle, Skeletal; Needles; Restraint, Physical; Rigor Mortis

This study aimed to clarify the difference in the effects of lactated Ringer solution (LR) and acetated Ringer solution (AR) on hepatic ATP level and L/P ratio during acute hemorrhage in rats. There were no significant differences in the hepatic ATP levels and L/P ratios among 3 groups. Glycogen in LR group was higher than that in the control group. However pH and the base excess in LR and AR group were significantly higher than those in the C group. These results suggest that LR as well as AR may improve the metabolic acidosis, and LR may be more useful than AR with regard to glucose supply during acute hemorrhage.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Isotonic Solutions; Lactic Acid; Liver; Male; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ringer's Lactate

This study aimed to clarify the difference in the effects of hypertonic lactated Ringer's solution (HLS) on hepatic ATP level and L/P ratio during acute hemorrhage in rats. The hepatic ATP level in HLS 230 group was lower, and L/P ratio in HLS 300 group was higher than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in glycogen among 4 groups. However, pH and the base excess in HLS 230 and HLS 300 group were significantly higher than those in the C group. Heart rate in HLS 300 group was significantly lower than that in the C group. These results suggest that HLS may not be useful with regard to the hepatic energy metabolism, although it improves the metabolic acidosis during acute hemorrhage.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Hypertonic Solutions; Isotonic Solutions; Lactic Acid; Liver; Male; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ringer's Lactate

Both steroids and hemorrhage may affect the hepatic energy metabolism. The effects of steroids (5 mg.kg-1 of methylpredonisolone, 50 mg.kg-1 of methylpredonisolone, 25 mg.kg-1 of hydrocortisone and 250 mg.kg-1 of hydrocortisone) on hepatic ATP level and L/P ratio were evaluated in rats under acute hemorrhage. There were no significant differences in the hepatic ATP levels and L/P ratio among 5 groups. However, the base excess in 3 steroid groups (50 mg.kg-1 of methylpredonisolone, 25 mg.kg-1 of hydrocortisone and 250 mg.kg-1 of hydrocortisone) was significantly higher than that in the control group. This result suggests that steroids may improve the metabolic acidosis during acute hemorrhage.

Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Hydrocortisone; Lactic Acid; Liver; Male; Methylprednisolone; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar

Forty spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and forty normotensive Wistar-ST rats (NRs) were used to assess the influence of anesthetics on myocardial and hepatic energy metabolism after hemorrhage. They were divided into five pairs of groups: a control group (pentobarbital 6 mg.100 g BW-1 ip), and four others which received 1.2% halothane, 2.2% enflurane, 1.4% isoflurane, and 3.3% sevoflurane, respectively. Following a 10 min stabilization period, blood (2 ml.100 g BW-1) was gradually withdrawn over a 5 min period from a femoral artery. Thirty min after the induction of hemorrhage, the heart and liver were removed and myocardial and hepatic metabolites (ATP, lactate, pyruvate and glycogen) were measured by enzymatic methods. There were no significant differences in myocardial metabolites among either the anesthetic groups or between SHRs and NRs. However, hepatic ATP levels in all SHR groups were significantly lower than those in NR groups. Moreover, ATP levels in the inhalation anesthetic groups of SHRs were significantly higher than that in the control group of SHRs. All inhalation anesthetics, especially isoflurane, may reduce metabolic deterioration of the liver during hemorrhage when compared to barbiturate anesthesia.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alkalosis; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Energy Metabolism; Enflurane; Ethers; Glycogen; Halothane; Heart; Hematocrit; Hemorrhage; Hypertension; Isoflurane; Lactates; Liver; Methyl Ethers; Myocardium; Pyruvates; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Wistar; Sevoflurane

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Dogs; Female; Fetal Heart; Glucose; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular

A relative stability of the adenylate nucleotide system redox of liver and kidney cells was recorded in rats during the first day after acute hemorrhage (2.5% of body weight) in spite of a severe course of the posthemorrhagic period. Energy metabolism was examined in the state of the decompensation of circulation at a blood pressure of 35-45 mm Hg that progressively fell down after a short-term stabilization at the level of 40-60 mm Hg. Comparison of the results obtained with the reported data warrant conclusion that the magnitude of the critical arterial blood pressure at which the test parameters change lies between 40 and 50mm Hg and can vary in relation to a number of the conditions.

Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Kidney; Liver; Male; Rats; Time Factors

"Reperfusion syndrome" of the lung may play a role in the pulmonary edema and hemorrhage that occur following pulmonary embolectomy, cardiopulmonary bypass, and shock. Bioenergetic, metabolic, and ultrastructural studies of canine lungs indicate that ventilated lung tissue could tolerate 5 hours of pulmonary arterial occlusion with minimal damage. However, a 24-hour interruption of pulmonary arterial blood flow produced a significant decrease in the ratio of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine disphosphate, and glycogen, and an increase in tissue lactate. Reperfusion of these lungs resulted in even more pronounced biochemical and ultrastructural deterioration, as well as gross pulmonary edema and hemorrhage. The lesion appears to be similar to the reperfusion damage that occurs in other organs, such as the kidney, and the skeletal and cardiac muscles.

Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Constriction; DNA; Dogs; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Ischemia; Lactates; Lung; Lung Diseases; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Edema; Time Factors

Ten dogs underwent orthotopic cardiac transplantation after preservation of the donor heart for 24 hours in an oxygenated hypothermic, hypertonic, intracellular solution, either with (five dogs) or without (five dogs) continuous, oxygenated, low-pressure perfusion. Eight dogs survived for 24 hours after transplantation, at which time they were put to death. The two nonsurvivors were among the five with nonperfused hearts. Examination of all 10 donor hearts showed differences between the two groups: Four of five nonperfused hearts showed severe transmural myocardial coagulation necrosis but only small foci of contraction band necrosis (myofibrillar degeneration). The perfused hearts, however, showed more extensive subendocardial areas of contraction-band necrosis, but only minimal and focal coagulation necrosis, indicating less severe hypoxic damage. These results indicate that oxygenated perfusion with a hypothermic, hypertonic, intracellular solution may permit improved transplant survival after extended cardiac preservation.

Topics: Animals; Dogs; Glycogen; Heart; Heart Diseases; Heart Transplantation; Hemorrhage; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypothermia, Induced; Myocardium; Organ Preservation; Organ Size; Perfusion; Postoperative Complications; Tissue Preservation; Transplantation, Homologous

Histochemical and pathomorphological changes in the myocardium in acute loss of blood and hyperbaric oxygenation were investigated in experiments on 130 white rats. It was established that acute loss of blood brought about an activation of phosphorylase, a decrease in the content of glycogen, an inhibition of the activity of cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase in the myocardium. Foci of dystrophy were formed in the subendocaridal zone of the two ventricles and septum. Oxygenobarotherapy contributed to normalization of the level of activity of enzymes, preservation of glycogen, reduced the extent of manifestation of dystrophic changes in myocardiocytes. Hyperbaric oxygenation of healthy animals led to changes in the enzymatic activity in the myocardium. Dystrophic changes were noted in individual myocardiocytes. The data obtained testify to a direct influence of oxygen on metabolism of the myocardial cells.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Electron Transport Complex IV; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Male; Myocardium; Phosphorylases; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Animals; Axons; Chronic Disease; Dendrites; Edema; Extracellular Space; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Macrophages; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Nerve Degeneration; Pressure; Rabbits; Spinal Cord Injuries; Time Factors

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cold Temperature; Creatine; Fatty Liver; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glycogen; Hair; Hematocrit; Hemorrhage; Hypothermia; Isoenzymes; Kidney; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocyte Count; Lipids; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Lung Diseases; Male; Muscles; Myocardium; Necrosis; Phosphotransferases; Rabbits; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Basement Membrane; Biopsy; Collagen; Cytoplasm; Diagnosis, Differential; Epithelial Cells; Erythrocytes; Fibrin; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Hemosiderin; Hemosiderosis; Humans; Leukocytes; Lung; Lung Diseases; Macrophages; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Edema

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Bloodletting; Cats; Digestive System; Ethanol; Glycogen; Hemodynamics; Hemorrhage; Hepatic Artery; Lactates; Liver; Liver Circulation; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Portal Vein; Pyruvates; Regional Blood Flow; Vascular Resistance

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Dogs; Ethanol; Glycogen; Heart; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Hemorrhage; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Myocardium; Potassium; Sodium

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspirin; Carbon Isotopes; Coumarins; Female; Fetal Death; Fetus; Gestational Age; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Injections, Intramuscular; Liver; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; NADP; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pentobarbital; Pregnancy; Prothrombin; Rats; Time Factors

Topics: Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Cervix Mucus; Estrogens; Factor IX; Factor V; Factor VII; Factor VIII; Female; Fibrinogen; Fibrinolysis; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Humans; Immunoassay; Indicators and Reagents; Menstruation; Metrorrhagia; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Mucoproteins; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Prothrombin; Time Factors; Urinary Catheterization; Uterus; Vagina

Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Glucose; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Hypoxia; Ischemia; Lactates; Myocardium; Phosphates; Postmortem Changes; Rabbits

Topics: Animals; Bile; Biopsy; Bloodletting; Circadian Rhythm; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Humans; Liver; Organ Size; Rabbits

Topics: Anemia; Animals; Dogs; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Histocytochemistry; Neutrophils; Peroxidases; RNA

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Blood Volume; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, Paper; Diencephalon; Glutamates; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Hemorrhage; Lactates; Medulla Oblongata; Oxygen Consumption; Pons; Rats

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Capillaries; Carotid Arteries; Depression, Chemical; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Glycogen; Hemoglobins; Hemorrhage; Histocytochemistry; Insecticides; Liver; Nucleic Acids; Osteogenesis; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Trophoblasts

Topics: Animals; Bloodletting; Female; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Liver Glycogen; Muscles; Myocardium; Rabbits

Topics: Animals; Blast Injuries; Blood Vessels; Burns; Coal; Dogs; Dust; Explosions; Gastric Mucosa; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Histocytochemistry; Inflammation; Intestinal Mucosa; Kidney; Liver; Liver Circulation; Liver Glycogen; Lung; Methane; Methods; Myocardium; Pulmonary Circulation; Regeneration

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Agglutination; Animals; Blood Platelets; Diaphragm; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Hyperemia; Insulin; Rats; Thrombosis

Topics: Animals; Brain; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Hypnosis; Immobility Response, Tonic

Topics: Brain; Brain Injuries; Enzymes; Glycogen; Hemorrhage; Humans

Topics: Brain; Catatonia; Glycogen; Glycogenolysis; Hemorrhage; Noise; Sound