glycogen and Cataract

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; beta-Galactosidase; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Calcium; Cataract; Child; Cholesterol; Dietary Carbohydrates; Digestion; Ethanol; Female; Galactose; Gastric Emptying; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Insulin; Intestinal Absorption; Lactose; Lactose Intolerance; Liver; Male; Respiration; Sex Factors; Triglycerides

Chromolaena odorata Linn., is used in traditional Indian medicine in the treatment of diabetes and eye problems.. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the ethanol extract Chromolaena odorata leaves (ACO) in streptozotocin (STZ; 45 mg/kg, i.v) induced diabetes and cataract in rats.. Different doses of ACO (200 and 400mg/kg) was administered once daily for eight weeks to STZ-induced diabetic rats. To know the mechanism of action of title plant, AUC(glucose), AUC(insulin), Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA), insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucose uptake by rat hemi-diaphragms were carried out. Further, cataract score was taken once in a week upto eight weeks and opacity index was measured. HPLC fingerprinting profiling of ACO was also carried out.. Administration of ACO exhibited significant reduction in glucose, HOMA, lipid profiles and significantly improved glucose and insulin tolerance, glycogen content, glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, serum insulin and HDL-c levels. In addition, ACO also decreased oxidative stress by improving endogenous antioxidants. Further, treatment of ACO showed significantly reduced onset and extent of cataract.. The present data suggested that the treatment of ACO reversed the STZ-induced diabetes and cataract in rats. The observed beneficial effects may be mediated by interacting with multiple targets operating in diabetes mellitus and its complication. Taken together, this study provided the scientific evidence for the traditional use of Chromolaena odorata.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cataract; Chromolaena; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diaphragm; Ethanol; Female; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycogen; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Liver; Male; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Wistar

The lens nucleus of altricial birds contains a large amount of glycogen. It is not known why glycogen in such concentration does not cause a trace of lens opalescence. Here we report that the altricial pigeon is born with a dense nuclear opacity; this opacity has practically disappeared by 4 weeks of age. Thin-section electron microscopy revealed that the opacity was specifically associated with an enormous number of large glycogen aggregates in nuclear fiber cells. These aggregates of various sizes (up to approximately 5 microns) were composed of smaller individual 35-nm beta glycogen particles. In contrast, glycogen aggregates were not seen in nuclear fiber cells of all transparent older lenses. The glycogen aggregates have gradually dissociated into a homogeneous distribution of individual beta particles in the entire cytoplasm of nuclear fibers which accompanies the development of lens transparency. This study suggests that an extensive accumulation of glycogen aggregates in the lens nucleus is the cause of light scattering and opacification. The transparency of the altricial pigeon lens during normal development is therefore regulated by two different forms of glycogen. Precocial birds such as chick have no lens glycogen, therefore never develop a glycogen cataract and have excellent visual acuity upon hatching.

Topics: Agglutination; Animals; Blindness; Cataract; Columbidae; Glycogen; Lens Nucleus, Crystalline; Microscopy, Electron; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Cataract; Cattle; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Lens, Crystalline

Topics: Aged; Animals; Cataract; Cytoplasmic Granules; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Glycogen; Humans; Lens, Crystalline; Rats; Streptozocin

Topics: Cataract; Cytoplasmic Granules; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Epithelial Cells; Glaucoma; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lens, Crystalline; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Necrosis

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Cataract; Cytoplasm; Diabetes Mellitus; Epithelium; Female; Glaucoma; Glycogen; Humans; Hypertension; Iris; Male; Melanins; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Pigments, Biological

Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Vessels; Cataract; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Iris; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged

Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Cataract; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Dupuytren Contracture; Electromyography; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Lactates; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Muscular Diseases; Physical Exertion; Transferases

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Birds; Cataract; Child; Female; Fetus; Fluorescence; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lens, Crystalline; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amylases; Cataract; Child; Conjunctivitis; Cornea; Female; Glaucoma; Glycogen; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retinal Detachment; Tears

Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cataract; Galactose; Glucose; Glycogen