glycogen and Carcinoma--Squamous-Cell

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leg; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Skin; Skin Neoplasms

Imaging nuclei of keratinocytes in the stratified squamous epithelium has been a subject of intense research since nucleus associated cellular atypia is the key criteria for the screening and diagnosis of epithelial cancers and their precursors. However, keratinocyte nuclei have been reported to be either low scattering or high scattering, so that these inconsistent reports might have led to misinterpretations of optical images, and more importantly, hindered the establishment of optical diagnostic criteria. We disclose that they are generally low scattering in the core using Micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) of 1.28-μm axial resolution in vivo; those previously reported "high scattering" or "bright" signals from nuclei are likely from the nucleocytoplasmic boundary, and the low-scattering nuclear cores were missed possibly due to insufficient axial resolutions (~4μm). It is further demonstrated that the high scattering signals may be associated with flattening of nuclei and cytoplasmic glycogen accumulation, which are valuable cytologic hallmarks of cell maturation.

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Nucleus; Cervix Uteri; Cytoplasm; Epidermis; Epithelium; Esophagus; Female; Glycogen; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Keratinocytes; Keratins; Light; Mouth Mucosa; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Scattering, Radiation; Swine; Tomography, Optical Coherence; X-Ray Microtomography

Clear cell squamous cell carcinoma (CCSCC) is a rare histological subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that was originally described in the skin. Here, we report a case of a 66-year-old female patient who presented with a fungating ulcerative mass of the left lateral tongue extending anteriorly to the floor of the mouth, and posteriorly to the left retromolar fossa and the oropharynx. The patient had a history of SCC of the left posterior tongue that was treated with partial glossectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy. Representative biopsies were obtained from the floor of the mouth, tongue and retromolar fossa. The examined biopsies showed various degrees of dysplastic surface epithelium with transition into infiltrating epithelial tumor nests and cords with clear cytoplasm and malignant cellular features. Pancytokeratin, CK5/6, and p63 were all diffusely positive. S-100, Calponin, and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were negative. PAS stain was diffusely positive and diastase labile in the tumor clear cells. Sparse areas of mucicarmine positivity were noted. Based on these findings a final diagnosis of a glycogen-rich CCSCC was given. This case represents a very rare histological variant of oral SCC, which is significant for the histological differential diagnosis of clear cell tumors of the oral cavity.

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Glycogen; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

The purpose of this study was to investigate a difference in glycogen metabolism (glycogen synthesis and glycolysis) between the iodine stained (normal non-keartinized) and the unstained (dysplasctic/malignant) oral epithelium.. Twenty-one frozen tissue samples of iodine-stained and unstained mucosal tissue were obtained from 21 OSCC patients. Serial frozen sections were cut and examined with the hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff methods and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for Ki67, P53, molecules associated with glycogenesis (i.e., glycogen synthase (GS) and phospho-glycogen synthase (PGS)), and molecules associated with glycogenolysis (i.e., glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) examine the glycogen metabolism in OSCC. Additionally, in vitro study, the expression levels of GS and GPBB in the cultured cells were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining, Western blot analysis, and the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).. There was no significant difference in GS and PGS immunoactivity between iodine stained and unstained area. On the other hand, significantly greater GPBB immunoreactivity was observed in the basal and parabasal layers of iodine-unstained epithelium, where higher positivity for p53 and Ki67 was also showed. Additionally, western blot analysis, immunofluorescent staining, and real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the oral squamous cancer cells exhibited greater expression of GPBB than normal epithelial cells.. The results of this study showed that GPBB expression, which resulted in up-regulation of glycogenolysis, is enhanced in oral dysplastic/malignant epithelium compared with non-keartinized normal epithelium, in spite of the fact that glycogenesis continues in both of them. Premalignant and malignant epithelial cells consume greater quantities of energy due to their increased proliferation, and hence, exhaust their glycogen stores, which resulting in negative stain reaction with iodine solution.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Blotting, Western; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Epithelium; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Staining and Labeling

Vital staining with iodine solution has been used to distinguish dysplastic/malignant oral epithelium from normal mucosa. However, little is known about its critical mechanism. The purpose of this study was to visualize how iodine infiltrates the oral epithelium and reacts with glycogen. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that higher cell proliferation requires increased energy consumption, and consequently exhausted glycogen may lead to a failure to be stained by iodine solution.. Fifteen frozen tissue samples of iodine-stained and -unstained mucosa were obtained from 15 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Serial frozen sections were cut and examined with hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff methods and immunohistochemical staining for p53, Ki67 and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT 1).. Iodine solution was able to penetrate normal epithelium to a maximum depth neighboring the parabasal layer, but iodine-stained areas were completely consistent with glycogen distribution only in the upper superficial layer. Iodine-negative epithelium presented significantly higher immunoreactions for P53 and GLUT 1 in basal, parabasal, and superficial layers, respectively, whereas the reaction for Ki67 in the superficial layer was higher than that in iodine-positive epithelium (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < 0.05).. Iodine infiltrated and reacted with glycogen mainly in the upper superficial layer of the nonkeratinized epithelium. Both histological and molecular margins can be confirmed by iodine vital staining in OSCC. It is also suggested that high cell proliferation induced elevated glycolysis, resulting in an intraepithelial glycogen degradation and consequent failure to be stained by iodine solution.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Proliferation; Epithelium; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glucose Transporter Type 1; Glycogen; Humans; Iodine; Ki-67 Antigen; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Nucleus; Cough; Cytoplasmic Granules; Endosonography; Erythrocytes; Glycogen; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratin-5; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Mediastinum; Middle Aged

Clear cell squamous cell carcinoma (CCSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma, first reported by Kuo, who described 6 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of the head and neck. CCSCC is composed of cells with clear cytoplasm, which Kuo attributed to the accumulation of intracellular fluid and not the presence of glycogen, lipid, or mucin. This case describes a 59-year-old woman who presented with an exophytic, hemorrhagic lesion on the posterior mandibular gingiva of 2 months' duration. Histologic examination revealed dysplastic stratified squamous epithelium showing transition to an infiltrating tumor composed of islands of epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm. The cytoplasm stained positive with periodic acid Schiff but was diastase labile. Mucicarmine stains were negative for intracytoplasmic mucin. This is the first reported case describing primary glycogen-rich CCSCC of the mandibular gingiva.

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Gingiva; Glycogen; Humans; Mandibular Neoplasms; Middle Aged

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chelation Therapy; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagoscopy; Esophagus; Glycogen; Humans; Lead Poisoning; Male

Clear-cell carcinoma of the skin was described by Kuo in 1980 as a cutaneous tumor composed of clear cells that lacked cytoplasmic glycogen or evidence of tricholemmal keratinization. Tricholemmal carcinoma (TC) is conventionally considered to be a neoplasm derived from adnexal keratinocytes with glycogenated clear cells and evidence of outer root sheath or tricholemmal differentiation. The existence of TC has been questioned as it has been argued that without clear immunohistochemical evidence of outer root sheath differentiation, TC cannot be distinguished from clear-cell carcinoma of the skin. Our laboratory has not routinely stained the cases that appear to be carcinomas with clear keratinocytes to determine if glycogen is present and has not made the diagnosis of TC. We sought to test whether the presence of glycogen, light microscopic features said to be typical of TC, or immunohistochemical findings would delineate a group of "true" TC among the cases that we have been recording as squamous cell carcinomas with clear cells (SCC-C). 40 cases of SCC-C were evaluated for 7 histologic and histochemical criteria (a lobular arrangement, peripheral palisading, tricholemmal keratinization, folliculocentricity, evidence of a preexisting tricholemmoma, the presence of intracytoplasmic glycogen, and a thickened basement membrane) said to characterize TC. Selected cases were then stained for immunohistochemical markers (CD34, CK17, and NGFR/p75) that have been used as evidence for tricholemmal differentiation in some studies. Of the 40 cases, 38 (95%) SCC-C showed intracytoplasmic glycogen (periodic Schiff positivity abolished by diastase) and 55% of cases showed foci of tricholemmal keratinization. Overall, the carcinomas showed a spectrum of the above aggregated criteria ranging from 0 to 5. None possessed all the criteria expected in an ideal TC. In addition, the majority of the selected SCC-C in this study were negative (85%) for antigens typically found in the outer root sheath epithelium of the hair follicle. The glycogen-free clear-cell carcinoma described by Kuo seems uncommon in our patient population. Rare cases of SCC-C met the majority of Headington's criteria for TC or showed immunohistochemical evidence of tricholemmal differentiation. Thus, we also conclude that well-differentiated TC is rare and its description in the literature may overstate the case that it is a well-characterized cutaneous neoplasm.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Inclusion Bodies; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage; Skin Neoplasms

Several techniques are under development to diagnose oesophageal adenocarcinoma at an earlier stage. We have demonstrated the potential of Raman spectroscopy, an optical diagnostic technique, for the identification and classification of malignant changes. However, there is no clear recognition of the biochemical changes that distinguish between the different stages of disease. Our aim is to understand these changes through Raman mapping studies. Raman spectral mapping was used to analyse 20-microm sections of tissue from 29 snap-frozen oesophageal biopsies. Contiguous haematoxylin and eosin sections were reviewed by a consultant pathologist. Principal component analysis was used to identify the major differences between the spectra across each map. Pseudocolour score maps were generated and the peaks of corresponding loads identified enabling visualisation of the biochemical changes associated with malignancy. Changes were noted in the distribution of DNA, glycogen, lipids and proteins. The mean spectra obtained from selected regions demonstrate increased levels of glycogen in the squamous area compared with increased DNA levels in the abnormal region. Raman spectroscopy is a highly sensitive and specific technique for demonstration of biochemical changes in the carcinogenesis of Barrett's oesophagus. There is potential for in vivo application for real-time endoscopic optical diagnosis.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Barrett Esophagus; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; DNA, Neoplasm; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Neoplasm Proteins; Precancerous Conditions; Spectrum Analysis, Raman

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between epithelial dysplasia unstained with iodine and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and/or tumour suppressor gene (p53) and the existence of glycogen. Thirty cases of squamous cell carcinomas arising from the buccal mucosa and floor of the mouth were examined. Iodine unstained areas were diagnosed histopathologically as mild, moderate or severe epithelial dysplasia. Normal oral mucosa stained with iodine was used as a control group. There was no histochemical difference in the distribution or ratio of PAS-positive cells between the control and the mild epithelial dysplasia groups, however PAS stained areas of the moderate and the severe dysplasia groups were significantly decreased. Ultrastructurally, glycogen granules were not recognized in the moderate or severe dysplastic epithelia. Immunoreactive ratios of PCNA and p53 in the moderate and severe dysplastic groups were significantly higher than those of the control and the mild dysplasia groups. The positive ratio of PCNA was higher than that of p53, although the immunostaining patterns of PCNA- and p53-positive cells were quite similar. These results suggest that mild dysplastic epithelia that are stained with iodine may be in the category of normal epithelia, whereas both moderate and severe dysplasia that are un-stained with iodine may be suspected of malignant lesions.

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Division; Epithelial Cells; Gene Expression; Glycogen; Humans; Iodine; Microscopy, Electron; Mouth Floor; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Staining and Labeling; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

We have analyzed very small amounts of human lung cancerous tissues directly by a Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FT-IR-MC). The corrected peak heights (H1045 and H1467) obtained from the bands at 1045 and 1467 cm(-1) due to glycogen and cholesterol were chosen for a quantitative evaluation of the malignancy. We found that the H1045/H1467 ratio is an exceptionally useful factor for discrimination of the cancerous tissues from the noncancerous tissues. If the H1045/H1467 ratio from the measured spectrum is larger than 1.4, we can say with confidence that the tissue contains squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma at least partially. Furthermore, we carried out the microscopic mapping of the tissues containing both cancerous and noncancerous sections, demonstrating that the color map reflects small changes in the spatial distribution of cancer cells in the tissues. The present method may also be applicable to analysis of other cancers, such as colorectal cancerous tissues in which glycogen level has a critical factor for their malignancy. In addition, since FT-IR-MC costs relatively little and does not require a special operator training for collecting and analyzing the spectra, it seems to be perhaps the apparatus best suited to clinical usage, especially in rather small hospitals.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cholesterol; Glycogen; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Microscopy; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown an elevated glucose uptake in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC). On a cellular level glucose uptake is mediated by specific glucose transport proteins. We have used immunohistochemistry ot study the expression of different facilitative glucose transport proteins (GLUT) in the normal mucosa and in HNSCC. A weak expression of GLUT 1 was observed in epithelial cells of the normal mucosa. However, the expression of GLUT 1 was strongly elevated in epithelial cells of HNSCC. GLUT2, 3 and 4 were not detected in any of the epithelial tissues examined. An increased expression of GLUT 3 was found in inflammatory cells. The storage of glycogen showed a negative correlation to the GLUT 1 expression. While an increased glycogen storage was accompanied by a decreased GLUT 1 expression in highly differentiated epithelial cells, glycogen loss was associated with a strong GLUT 1 expression in less differentiated cells. The present study with PET indicates that the elevated glucose uptake of HNSCC is closely related to an increased expression of GLUT 1 in epithelial tumor cells.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Mouth Mucosa; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms; Tomography, Emission-Computed

Glycogen levels in the tissue samples obtained from carcinomas and normal sections of human lungs (26 patients) were studied by measuring the infrared band intensity at 1045 cm(-1) due to glycogen. As an internal standard peak, the band at 1545 cm(-1) (amide II) was chosen, and the ratios of these band areas (A1045/A1545) were compared with histological classification and differentiation of tumors. The glycogen level in the carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in the normal tissues (P < 0.01, n = 26). Further, the ratio of amounts of glycogen in the carcinomas and in the normal tissues for adenocarcinoma was higher than that for squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.01). The increased degree of differentiation of the squamous cell carcinomas appeared to be correlated with an increase in the glycogen level. These results suggest that comparison of glycogen levels in the tumor and normal section of human lung may be used as a differentiating parameter for abnormality and histological classification of tumors. The present Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) method may become of wide application for studying various tissue samples.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Spectrophotometry, Infrared

We describe 13 cases of tricholemmal carcinoma, a rarely recognized cutaneous adnexal neoplasm. The patients were nine men and four women. In general, the tumors presented as slow-growing epidermal papules, indurated plaques, or nodules showing predilection for sun-exposed, hair-bearing skin. The lesions were most frequently misdiagnosed clinically as basal cell carcinoma. Histologically, they showed a variegation of growth patterns including solid, lobular, and trabecular; they were characterized by a proliferation of epithelial cells with features of outer root sheath differentiation, including abundant glycogen-rich, clear cytoplasm, foci of pilar-type keratinization, and peripheral palisading of cells with subnuclear vacuolization. Because of their variable growth pattern, overt cytologic atypia, abundant clear cytoplasm, occasional pagetoid intraepidermal spread, and brisk mitotic activity, these tumors may pose difficulties for diagnosis and be confused with other malignant skin tumors with clear cell changes. Despite the seemingly malignant cytological appearance of these lesions, clinical follow-up in 10 cases showed no recurrence or metastasis over a period of 2-8 years. Thus, conservative surgical excision with clear margins appears to be the treatment of choice for these neoplasms.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cytoplasm; Diagnosis, Differential; Epidermal Cyst; Epithelium; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glycogen; Hair Diseases; Humans; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Mitosis; Neoplasms, Basal Cell; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Vacuoles

To analyze the relationship between Lugol unstained areas and their histologic features, we applied the Lugol test to 24 specimens of resected esophagus. The staining patterns were graded into four types: grade I, hyperstaining; grade II, normal greenish brown staining; grade III, less intense staining; and grade IV, unstained. Most of the grade IV lesions were invasive carcinomas, carcinomas in situ, or severe dysplasia. The carcinomas in situ and the intraepithelial extension of the carcinomas, which were difficult to detect, were clearly shown as grade IV. On the other hand, moderate to mild dysplasia or atrophy showed grade III staining. Grade IV lesions showed well-demarcated sharp margins, whereas grade III lesions showed ill-demarcated dull margins. The grade III carcinomas, however, by the Lugol test, showed well-demarcated margins. Histologic evaluation disclosed that the staining intensity reflected well the thickness of the glycogen-containing cell layer in the lesion. The sharpness of the margin reflected the abrupt or gradual change from the glycogen-containing to non-containing cell layers. These findings suggest 1) the usefulness of the staining pattern of the Lugol test for the diagnosis of esophageal lesions such as squamous cell carcinoma and severe dysplasia, and 2) the usefulness of the Lugol test for precise delineation of the proximal resection line during surgery of esophageal carcinomas with unexpected wide extension.

Topics: Atrophy; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Esophageal Diseases; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagitis; Esophagus; Glycogen; Humans; Iodides; Staining and Labeling

The paper discusses the results of microspectrophotometric assay of DNA and free glycogen levels in the cells of 32 epidermoid tumors of the lung showing different degree of cell differentiation. Increased degree of tumor anaplasia was matched by a rise in DNA accumulation index and polyploidy in nuclei offset by a decrease in the glycogen level in tumor cell cytoplasm. It is suggested that DNA and free glycogen assays may contribute to the diagnostic assessment of cell differentiation involved in lung cancer.

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; DNA, Neoplasm; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Spectrophotometry

One hundred eight patients were studied who had anogenital lesions showing microscopic features as seen in bowenoid papulosis (BP), a recently described condition occurring most commonly in young adults. Patients typically show multiple papules, small nodules, or plaques that clinically mimic verrucae or nevocellular nevi. Although the lesions show microscopic cytologic atypia, a distinction from Bowen's disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat, and other forms of carcinoma in situ can usually be made on the basis of histologic and clinical criteria. The disorder responds to conservative treatment, although recurrences are not uncommon. Evolution of the lesions to invasive carcinoma was not observed. Mounting evidence links the development of BP to infection with human papilloma virus, but other viruses, as well as hormonal and immunologic factors, may also play a role.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Antigens, Viral; Bowen's Disease; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; DNA, Viral; Erythroplasia; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Penile Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Sex Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Vulvar Neoplasms

Cells exfoliated from the uterine exocervix from normal women at different stages of the reproductive period and from patients with invasive carcinoma were studied. Cell pellets were fixed in aldehydes and two different concentrations of OsO4, and embedded in methacrylate or Epon. Semithick sections were used for general light microscopic study and for the visualization of glycogen. Ultrathin sections were used for conventional electron microscopy, high resolution analysis of the plasma membrane, and the demonstration of glycogen and cell surface glycoconjugates by the Thiery method. Semithick sections stained with the Thiery method and viewed under the electron microscope were used for the study of surface projections. Based on the size, shape, nuclear characteristics, amount and distribution of glycogen, type of surface protrusions, density and distribution of surface glycoconjugates, and plasma membrane fine structure, the cells exfoliated from all normal uterine cervices were grouped into five cell types. It is suggested that these types correspond to cells located in the different layers of the exocervical epithelium and, consequently, represent different degrees of normal differentiation. The plasma membrane of carcinoma cells shared most of the characteristic of that of the least differentiated normal cells, indicating an early deviation of the differentiation process in carcinoma cells.

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Differentiation; Cell Membrane; Cervix Uteri; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Microscopy, Electron; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

This is an initial descriptive report of two morphologically different cell lines (SKG-3a and SKG-3b) obtained from a human uterine cervical epidermoid carcinoma. These sublines were found to be derived from a moderately differentiated epidermoid carcinoma partially mixed with clear cell components. Both sublines had already been subcultivated more than 80 times since the initial separation. SKG-3a cells were much smaller in size and volume than 3b. The numbers of chromosomes were almost identical. Their cytology revealed anaplastic and pleomorphic features. SKG-3a was positive with periodic acid-Schiff stain and this changed to negative after an amylase digestive test, suggesting that the cells contained glycogen. An electron-microscopic examination confirmed the presence of many glycogen particles in 3a cytoplasm, but few in 3b. Tonofilaments and desmosomes were observed in both cytoplasms, suggesting epidermoid origin. In nude mice, SKG-3a produced clear cell epidermoid carcinoma with much glycogen, while 3b grew as a moderately differentiated epidermoid carcinoma with little glycogen. It is concluded that SKG-3a is derived from the clear cell epidermoid carcinoma and 3b is from the moderately differentiated epidermoid carcinoma. It is also clear that both were more heat sensitive at and over 39 degrees C than normal cells.

Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Separation; Cytoplasm; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycogen; Hot Temperature; Humans; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Differentiation of keratoacanthoma from squamous cell carcinoma on the vermilion mucosa of the lower lip can sometimes be difficult. Two histopathologic features that are helpful in distinguishing between these two lesions when they occur on sun-exposed skin are the incidence of intraepithelial elastic fibers and the epithelial intracytoplasmic glycogen content. An analysis of thirty-one keratoacanthomas and twenty-eight squamous cell carcinomas from the vermillion mucosa of the lower lip indicates that while the incidence of intraepithelial elastic fibers and the tumor intracytoplasmic glycogen content are greater in keratoacanthomas, these features are not reliable for differentiating between the two lesions in this location.

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cytoplasm; Diagnosis, Differential; Elastic Tissue; Glycogen; Humans; Keratoacanthoma; Lip Diseases; Lip Neoplasms

Clinical and pathologic features of five low-grade mucoepidermoid and a similar number of squamous cell carcinomas of breast are presented. Three of each were retrieved from 55 cases of invasive breast cancer previously assessed to exhibit squamous metaplasia. Although the estimated incidence of low-grade mucoepidermoid cancers is approximately 0.2%, they may be more frequent, masquerading under designations of squamous metaplasia or intracystic carcinomas. All patients with low-grade mucoepidermoid cancer, and the two recorded previously, were free of recurrence for 4-10 years. No high-grade mucoepidermoid cancers were found. Squamous cell cancers frequently have a phyllode configuration (carcinoma phyllodes). Two examined by electron microscopy revealed a commonality of ultrastructural features with similar tumors of other sites. None exhibited glandular differentiation or tinctorial evidence of mucin secretion. One squamous cell carcinoma contained both malignant epithelial and banal, osteoclast-like, stromal giant cells. Only the latter were identified in tissue culture. This experience and review of the literature prompted a nosologic characterization of giant cell lesions of breast. One patient with squamous cell carcinoma succumbed because of her disease; the remainder are either free of or alive with recurrence at 4 and 10 years.

Topics: Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Giant Cell Tumors; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Mastectomy; Metaplasia; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mucins

Topics: Aged; Candida albicans; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Epithelium; Glycogen; Humans; Keratins; Leukoplakia, Oral; Lichen Planus; Middle Aged; Mitosis; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Neoplasms

Forty-four oral lesions with epithelial dysplasia and 25 other benign and malignant lesions of the oral mucosa were examined after staining with hematoxylin-eosin and diastase controlled PAS. The intensity of the PAS-positivity for glycogen, the grade of dysplasia, the type of keratinization and the degree of subepithelial inflammation were recorded. Histologically normal epithelium at the margins of the lesions were used as controls. The presence and amount of glycogen in normal epithelium at the margins of the lesions were used as controls. The presence and amount of glycogen in normal epithelium at the margin of the lesions were used as controls. The presence and amount of glycogen in normal epithelium varied with the form of keratinization in that non- or parakeratinized epithelium was rich in glycogen whereas there was a negative glycogen-reaction in orthokeratinized epithelium. The most striking feature was an abrupt limitation of the glycogen at the junction between nondysplastic and dysplastic epithelium. The difference in the amount of glycogen in normal and dysplastic epithelium as assessed semiquantitatively, was statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in glycogen content with different degrees of dysplasia. The diastase controlled PAS-staining may therefore be a useful method of distinguishing dysplastic from nondysplastic epithelium in doubtful cases. Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplastic epithelium covering granular cell myoblastoma did not contain any glycogen. Five of six squamous cell carcinomas and four verrucous carcinomas contained no demonstrable glycogen. Glycogen was present in the epithelium of the cases of lichen planus and "denture hyperplasia" investigated.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Papillary; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Epithelial Attachment; Glycogen; Humans; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling

Seven malignant peripheral lung tumors that were diagnosed using light microscopy as large-cell carcinomas or as epidermoid or adenocarcinomas were studied by light and electron microscopic histochemistry. All tumors contained numerous dense-core granules. The cells were joined by desmosomes and contained well-developed tonofilament bundles. Serotonin was demonstrated in six of seven tumors and argyrophilic granules were demonstrated in five of six tumors tested. Four tumors produced mucus. All tumors extended to the visceral pleura and two invaded the chest wall. The existence of lung tumors that contain serotonin and bear argyrophilic putative endocrine granules, but that do not have a light-microscopic histology characteristic of either carcinoid or oat-cell carcinomas, is confirmed. The presumptive endocrine nature of such tumors usually passes unrecognized because they lack criteria to allow diagnosis by routine methods.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Glycogen; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Serotonin

Three cases of cloacogenous and 35 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the distal part of the rectum and anus were studied and compared histochemically to reveal considerable differences in mucopolysaccharides contained by the tumours. Squamous-cell carcinomas were characterized by the presence of glycogen which was not detected in cloacogenous carcinomas. In squamous-cell carcinomas, glycosamine glycanes were represented by sulfo- and sialo-mucin, while cloacogenous carcinomas largely contained a non-sulfated mucosubstance. The evidence obtained allows one to distinguish, among anal carcinomas of the rectum, a group of cloacogenous carcinomas that arose from the transitional epithelium of the serrate line and that differ from squamous-cell carcinomas in specific metabolic processes.

Topics: Anal Canal; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Rectal Neoplasms

A significant statistical difference was found between the incidence of intraepithelial elastic fibers in keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma arising in actinic keratosis (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference when keratoacanthoma was compared to adenoid squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.13) and de novo squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.73). However, in keratoacanthoma intraepithelial elastic fibers were found in areas of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and in the central keratin plug, as well as in areas of infiltrating, peripheral keratinocytes. In adenoid squamous cell carcinoma and de novo squamous cell carcinoma, the intraepithelial elastic fibers were found only in areas of atypical epithelial cells at the margin of the neoplasm. Intracytoplasmic glycogen was found to be statistically more abundant in keratoacanthoma than in squamous cell carcinoma arising in actinic keratosis (P < 0.001), adenoid squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.001), and in de novo squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.001)

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cytoplasm; Diagnosis, Differential; Elastic Tissue; Glycogen; Humans; Keratoacanthoma; Skin Neoplasms

Fresh surgical specimens of sixteen cases of oral squamous-cell carcinoma were processed for electron microscopic study. All cases were histologically graded as moderately differentiated carcinoma. As compared to normal oral stratified squamous epithelium, some unusual ultrastructural features were present in carcinoma. These features were spherical or ovoid nuclear bodies composed of concentrically arranged filaments and granules, clustered ribosomes, many lysosomal bodies, cell residues in other cells, absence and multilayering of basal lamina, pseudopodal cytoplasmic projections, microfilaments in peripheral cytoplasm, clusters of swirled tonofilaments, intracytoplasmic desmosomes, and a small amount of glycogen. These features are interpreted as being related to hyperactivity, phagocytosis, locomotion, and differentiation of cancer cells.

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Cytoskeleton; Glycogen; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Organoids

Cytograms of various histologically established forms of cancer of cervix uteri in 114 patients were analysed. The data obtained were used in subsequent collations of cytological and histological diagnoses of cervix uteri cancer in 550 patients. It was established that in a cytological investigation it was possible to determine the histological structure of tumours in 84.2% of the cases. Squamous cell keratinizing carcinoma could be diagnosed cytologically in 97.7%, squamous cell nonkertinizing carcinoma--in 74.7%, adenocarcinoma--in 84.1%, low differentiated--in 50% of the observations.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Nucleus; Cytodiagnosis; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; RNA, Neoplasm; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cytoplasm; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Middle Aged; Spectrophotometry; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Glycogen; Humans; Lip Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Mucous Membrane

Topics: Adenoma, Sweat Gland; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leg; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling; Sweat Gland Neoplasms

Topics: Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Biopsy; Bleomycin; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Culture Techniques; Desmosomes; Ear Neoplasms; Epiglottis; Glycogen; Humans; Keratins; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Maxillary Neoplasms; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Palatal Neoplasms; Tongue Neoplasms; Tonsillar Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Aged; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dendrites; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Ichthyosis; Langerhans Cells; Leukocytes; Lipids; Lysosomes; Male; Mast Cells; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Nucleotides; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Desmosomes; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Keratoacanthoma; Microscopy, Electron; Periodic Acid; RNA, Neoplasm; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Electron Transport Complex IV; Female; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Middle Aged; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Glycogen; Histological Techniques; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Parotid Neoplasms

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cytodiagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Necrosis; Polysaccharides

Topics: Bronchial Diseases; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Papilloma; Transferases

Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar; Aged; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasmic Granules; DNA, Neoplasm; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Ribosomes; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cervix Uteri; Cholinesterases; Epithelium; Female; Glucosyltransferases; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Monoamine Oxidase; Oxidoreductases; Phosphorylases; Staining and Labeling; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Time Factors; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Waxes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; DNA; Epithelium; Esterases; Female; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Precancerous Conditions; Pregnancy; RNA; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cervix Uteri; Cytoplasm; Epithelium; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Mitosis; RNA; RNA, Neoplasm; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Aged; Autopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Epithelium; Esophageal Diseases; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagus; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Leukoplakia; Male; Middle Aged; Precancerous Conditions

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Male; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Animals; Basement Membrane; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line; Clone Cells; Connective Tissue; Cricetinae; Culture Techniques; Epithelium; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Methods; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Transplantation; Transplantation, Heterologous; Transplantation, Homologous; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Bone Marrow; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Fats; Female; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Inhalation; Kidney Neoplasms; Lymphadenitis; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Methods; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Glycogen; Glycolipids; Glycoproteins; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Methods; Muscular Diseases; Myasthenia Gravis; Organ Size; Oxidoreductases; Radiation Effects; RNA; Thymoma; Thymus Gland; Thymus Hyperplasia; Thymus Neoplasms

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Connective Tissue; Esophageal Neoplasms; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrolases; In Vitro Techniques; Lyases; Neoplasms, Experimental; Oxidoreductases; Rats

Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Middle Aged; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Enzymes; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lipids; Middle Aged; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary; Adenofibroma; Brenner Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cystadenoma; Cystadenoma, Mucinous; Cystadenoma, Papillary; Cysts; Dysgerminoma; Female; Glycogen; Granulosa Cell Tumor; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Mesonephroma; Mucins; Neuraminic Acids; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovary; Pathology; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors; Thecoma

Topics: Carcinoma; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Epidermis; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Leukoplakia; Vulvar Neoplasms

Topics: Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Vulvar Neoplasms

Topics: Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cervix Uteri; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Neoplasms; Pentylenetetrazole; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cervix Uteri; Coloring Agents; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cervix Uteri; Female; Glycogen; Glycogenolysis; Humans; Neoplasms