glycogen and Calcinosis

Topics: Amyloid; Amyloidosis; Calcinosis; Calcium; Calculi; Cholesterol; Cystinosis; Glycogen; Glycogen Storage Disease; Hemosiderosis; Humans; Hyaline Membrane Disease; Infant, Newborn; Iron; Lipid Metabolism; Lipomatosis; Lung; Lung Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Proteins; Xanthomatosis

We focused on over-dose insulin (250 IU/kg i.p.) induced gastric ulcers and then on other disturbances that were concomitantly induced in rats, seizures (eventually fatal), severely damaged neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, hepatomegaly, fatty liver, increased AST, ALT and amylase serum values, breakdown of liver glycogen with profound hypoglycemia and calcification development. Calcium deposits were present in the blood vessel walls, hepatocytes surrounding blood vessels and sometimes even in parenchyma of the liver mainly as linear and only occasionally as granular accumulation. As an antidote after insulin, we applied the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (10 microg/kg) given (i) intraperitoneally or (ii) intragastrically immediately after insulin. Controls received simultaneously an equivolume of saline (5 ml/kg). Those rats that survived till the 180 minutes after over-dose application were further assessed. Interestingly, pentadecapeptide BPC 157, as an antiulcer peptide, may besides stomach ulcer consistently counteract all insulin disturbances and fatal outcome. BPC 157 rats showed no fatal outcome, they were mostly without hypoglycemic seizures with apparently higher blood glucose levels (glycogen was still present in hepatocytes), less liver pathology (i.e., normal liver weight, less fatty liver), decreased ALT, AST and amylase serum values, markedly less damaged neurons in brain and they only occasionally had small gastric lesions. BPC 157 rats exhibited mostly only dot-like calcium presentation. In conclusion, the success of BPC 157 therapy may indicate a likely role of BPC 157 in insulin controlling and BPC 157 may influence one or more causative process(es) after excessive insulin application.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antidotes; Brain; Calcinosis; Drug Overdose; Endothelium, Vascular; Glycogen; Hepatomegaly; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Liver; Male; Neurons; Peptide Fragments; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Stomach Ulcer

A rare case of clear cell variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor is presented with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigations. A 14-year-old Japanese girl was admitted with a complaint of swelling in the right posterior maxilla. Radiological examination showed a well-circumscribed radiolucent lesion located close to the impacted third molar. After only a partial tumor excision, the tumor recurred 13 years later. It appeared radiologically as an irregular radiodensity, and a subtotal maxillectomy was performed. Histological examination showed sheets and/or strands composed almost entirely of clear vacuolated epithelial cells in a stroma containing intercellular amyloid-like material and calcification. Histochemical and ultrastructural analysis detected cytoplasmic glycogen granules in the clear cells, and positive immunoreactivities for cytokeratins 8, 13 and 19; filaggrin and anti-ameloblastoma antibodies suggested an odontogenic epithelial origin.

Topics: Adolescent; Amyloid; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Calcinosis; Epithelial Cells; Female; Filaggrin Proteins; Glycogen; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Intermediate Filaments; Keratins; Maxillary Neoplasms; Microscopy, Electron; Odontogenic Tumors

Histological and immunohistochemical studies were carried out on the pancreas of twelve cattle of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). They showed clinical signs such as persistent hyperglycemia, glycosuria and decreased glucose tolerance, and some cases accompanied with or without ketonuria. Histopathologically, eight cattle were diagnosed as chronic IDDM, while others were acute IDDM. The most characteristic lesions of the pancreas in chronic IDDM showed a decrease in the size and number of pancreatic islets, interlobular and interacinar fibrosis, mild lymphocytic insulitis, and vacuolation of a few islets. Almost all cells in the atrophied islets had a small amount of ungranulated cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the atrophied islet cells did not react to anti-insulin antibody, but occasionally reacted to anti-glucagon or somatostatin antibodies. A few solitary islets with mild lymphocytic infiltration, necrotic islets with occasional calcification, and atrophied islets with mild fibrosis were also observed. A few islets consisted of many islet cells with vacuolated cytoplasm including a small number of insulin-positive granules. Accumulation of glycogen granules was occasionally observed in these islets. Islet fibrosis was due to the proliferation of collagen fibers reactive to both anti-collagen type I and type III antibodies. In acute IDDM, the major islets consisted of the cells with vacuolated cytoplasm indicating the degranulation of islet cells. These islets contained many islet cells with shrunken cytoplasm and karyorrhectic nuclei. Lymphocytic infiltration was frequently observed in the islets which consisted of many islet cells having karyorrhectic nuclei and vacuolated and severely degranulated cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, islet cells with vacuolated cytoplasm had a small amount of insulin-positive granules, suggesting severe degranulation of beta-cells. An increase in acinar islet-cells and proliferation of ductal epithelial cells showing insulin-immunoreactivity were observed. Bovine IgG-immunoreactive islet cells were frequently seen in the vacuolated islets. In summary, pathological observations suggested that beta-cells were being destroyed by an inflammatory process which selectively affected the pancreatic islets. Lymphocytic insulitis and anti-bovine immunoreactive islet cells were thought to be the most significant changes in determining the etiology and pathogenesis of bovine IDDM, and suggested

Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Calcinosis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Fibrosis; Glycogen; Immunohistochemistry; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Pancreas; Vacuoles

Topics: Adolescent; Amyloid; Calcinosis; Calcium; Cell Division; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasmic Granules; Desmosomes; Epithelium; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Intermediate Filaments; Keratins; Maxillary Neoplasms; Microscopy, Electron; Microvilli; Odontogenic Tumors

Differentiation and calcification of cartilage of a fracture callus morphologically, ultrastructurally, and histochemically resembles cartilage of growing epiphyseal plate. The fracture callus includes the various cartilage cell types found in the epiphyseal plate. Proliferating and hypertrophic cartilage had higher activities of cytochrome oxidase, alkaline phosphatase and glutamate aspartate transaminase than fibrocartilage. Enzymes controlling glycogen synthesis and glycolysis had higher levels of activity in fibrocartilage than in hypertrophic cartilage. Lysosomal enzymes, catalase, 6-phospho-gluconic acid and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were uniformly distributed. Alkaline phosphatase was associated with extracellular vesicles found in hypertrophic cartilage. EM dense granules were found in mitochondria in hypertrophic cartilage. There was an increase of total lipids in hypertropic and calcified cartilage as compared to resting cartilage.

Topics: Alcian Blue; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bony Callus; Calcinosis; Cartilage, Articular; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Electron Transport Complex IV; Fractures, Bone; Glycogen; Glycogen Synthase; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Nucleotidyltransferases; Periodic Acid; Phosphofructokinase-1; Rabbits; Schiff Bases; Staining and Labeling

An extensive review of the English-language literature has produced only five undoubted cases of peripheral odontogenic fibroma. This article reports ten new cases. The age and sex of the patients and the distribution by site and histology of the lesions are compared with those of other cases of bifrous tumors and neoplasms of odontogenic origin. It is postulated that this lesion may be more closely related to the fibrous euplis than was previously realized. Both lesions show hyperplasia of the basal layer of the covering ipithelium into double strands resembling odontogenic epithelium. It is suggested that this hyperplasia may be related to induction of the covering epithelium by primitive ectomesenchymal remnants within the gingivae. Proliveration of odontogenic rests within the peripheral odontogenic frbroma may be related to the same stimulus.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Basement Membrane; Calcinosis; Cell Nucleus; Child; Collagen; Connective Tissue; Connective Tissue Cells; Cytoplasm; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Female; Gingival Neoplasms; Glycogen; Humans; Male; Mandible; Mandibular Neoplasms; Maxilla; Maxillary Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Odontogenic Tumors; Sex Factors; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Adolescent; Calcinosis; Calculi; Child, Preschool; Cholesterol; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Infant; Lipid Metabolism; Lung; Lung Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Proteins; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis; Pulmonary Alveoli; Siderosis

Topics: Adolescent; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcinosis; Cell Membrane; Cell Nucleus; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Femoral Neoplasms; Glycogen; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Lipid Metabolism; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Osteoblasts; Osteosarcoma; Ribosomes

Topics: Animals; Calcinosis; Cardiomyopathies; Disease Models, Animal; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Myocardium; Myofibrils; Necrosis; Nephrectomy; Parathyroid Glands; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Transferases; Uremia

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone and Bones; Calcinosis; Calcium; Collagen; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Glycogen; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Osteoblasts; Osteomalacia; Phosphates; Ribosomes; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Calcification, Physiologic; Calcinosis; Glycogen; Ossification, Heterotopic; Osteogenesis

Topics: Calcinosis; Cartilage; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Ossification, Heterotopic; Osteogenesis