glycogen and Asphyxia-Neonatorum

Topics: Acidosis; Acidosis, Respiratory; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Blood Gas Analysis; Brain; Brain Damage, Chronic; Fetus; Glycogen; Heart Massage; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Infant, Newborn; Metabolism; Physiology; Pulmonary Circulation; Respiration; Resuscitation

Myocardium has been investigated in 68 human fetuses and newborns suffered from intrauterine acute and prolonged hypoxia, occurred as a result of various maternal, fetal and placental diseases. Under acute hypoxia only reactive changes of the contractile myocardium appear. They are demonstrated as degeneration of muscle fibers and appearance of scattered foci of necrosis in cardiomyocytes. Under a prolonged hypoxia, besides analogous reactive changes, compensatory hypertrophy of some part of cardiomyocytes is noted; this is manifestation of a compensatory-adaptive reaction of the myocardium.

Topics: Asphyxia Neonatorum; Coronary Vessels; Female; Fetal Hypoxia; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Microcirculation; Myocardium; Pregnancy

We have characterized the effect of a period of asphyxia at birth, followed by recovery, upon newborn rats. Asphyxiated pups were subjected to 3 to 5% (v/v) inspired oxygen during the first 20 min of life and then maintained in room air for 6 h. Control pups were maintained in room air throughout the 6-h period. Hypoxia produced severe asphyxia as reflected by a pH of 6.76 +/- 0.05, PaCO2 of 87 +/- 3 mm Hg and PaO2 of 15.4 +/- 4 mm Hg, and by a greatly increased blood lactate/pyruvate ratio. Plasma catecholamine concentrations in asphyxiated pups were elevated (epinephrine 13,866 +/- 250 pg/ml, norepinephrine 9611 +/- 1813 pg/ml) compared to control animals (epinephrine 973 +/- 234 pg/ml, norepinephrine 774 +/- 133 pg/ml) at 20 min. Asphyxia initially increased plasma glucose concentration, and then with recovery it fell below controls. Hepatic glycogen stores did not differ between asphyxiated and control pups. Plasma insulin concentrations remained elevated during asphyxia and the usual neonatal surge of plasma glucagon was significantly delayed. Neonatal asphyxia increases catecholamines, causes lactic acidemia, and alters insulin and glucagon levels. The interactions between these variables alters the normal pattern of glucose availability during the neonatal period.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Blood Glucose; Catecholamines; Glucagon; Glycogen; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Insulin; Lactates; Liver; Pyruvates; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Topics: Apgar Score; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Blood Glucose; Female; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glycogen; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Phosphorylase a; Phosphorylase b; Placenta; Pregnancy

In newborn rabbits during asphyxia caused by ligature of the trachea circulation was maintained 2-3 times as long as in adult rabbits because in contrast to the adults myocardial energy loss in asphyxia is rather low caused by a small energy consumption for circulatory work. In the cerebral cortex of newborn rabbits glycolysis is able to meet a good part of energy demand, with the energetic situation predominantly depending on glucose supply by maintenance of circulation. Thus in addition sufficient blood glucose levels deliberated from glycogen stores in liver and lung are an important factor for the central nervous revivability. Kidney and skeletal muscle tolerate anaerobic periods for rather long time because of their high glycogen stores and low metabolic activity but do not contribute to glucose supply of other tissues.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ischemia; Lactates; Liver; Medulla Oblongata; Myocardium; Rabbits; Resuscitation

The isometric contraction of the isolated rabbit myocardium was measured from 24 days post coitum (dpc) to young adulthood. Tension per gram of heart as developed by the isolated perfused hearts remained constant during late foetal life but increased during the first postnatal week. Sensitivity to hypoxia rapidly increased during foetal life from 26 to 28 days post coitum. In young foetal hearts (up to 28 days post coitum), contraction continued for several hours in the absence of glucose. In contrast, from 28 days post coitum onwards foetal hearts became increasingly dependent on external glucose to maintain their contractility. This change was concomitant with a decrease in myocardial glycogen content. Intracellular electrical activity recorded in the absence of glucose showed that during hypoxia in the foetus at term were reduced, whereas normal activity continued in the same hypoxic glucose-free medium in hearts from foetuses 26 days post coitum. The relative role of glycolysis and oxidative metabolism is discussed and the importance of glycogenolytic metabolism in young isolated foetal hearts is pointed out.

Topics: Animals; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Female; Fetal Hypoxia; Glucose; Glycogen; Heart; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Perfusion; Pregnancy; Rabbits

Newborn rhesus monkeys were used to investigate the relation between the duration of total asphyxia and the magnitude of the postasphyctic cerebral glycogen hyper-deposition response. The latter has been observed to occur following episodes of total asphyxia lasting 12.5 min and to be maximal at 12 h into the recovery period. The changes in glycogen contents of other vital organs were also studied. A minimum duration of 9 min of total asphyxia was required for the first elicitation of the cerebral glycogen hyperdeposition response. The magnitude of the response once elicited did not vary whatever the duration of the asphyxia beyond 9 and up to 30 min. During the actual episodes of total asphyxia, the glycogen content of the brain diminished more rapidly and completely than did that of kidney or heart. The hepatic, pulmonary and muscle glycogen contents did not change significantly either during asphyxia or during the recovery period.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Brain; Glycogen; Haplorhini; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Macaca mulatta; Muscles; Myocardium

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosyltransferases; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Myocardium; Pregnancy; Rats

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Blood Glucose; Body Water; Brain; Brain Edema; Dexamethasone; Disease Models, Animal; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Birth Weight; Carbon Radioisotopes; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycogen; Humans; Infant, Newborn

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Kidney; Liver Glycogen; Lung; Macaca; Muscles; Myocardium; Organ Size; Pregnancy; Umbilical Arteries

Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acute Disease; Animals; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Brain; Dogs; Electrolytes; Glycogen; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Liver; Muscles; Myocardium

Topics: Animals; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Blood Glucose; Body Temperature; Brain Chemistry; Cricetinae; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant, Newborn; Lactates; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Myocardium; Water

Topics: Animals; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Carbohydrates; Female; Fetal Death; Glycogen; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; Myocardium; Pregnancy; Rabbits

Topics: Asphyxia Neonatorum; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Neutrophils; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Biomedical Research; Cats; Chlorpromazine; Dogs; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Hypothermia; Hypothermia, Induced; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Metabolism; Myocardium; Rabbits; Research; Swine

Topics: Asphyxia Neonatorum; Biochemical Phenomena; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Glycogen; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Metabolism; Resuscitation

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cardiovascular System; Fetus; Glycogen; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; Sheep