glycogen and Arterial-Occlusive-Diseases

We examined the consequences of reflow on metabolic recovery following increasing periods of focal ischemia. The middle cerebral artery of 21 Sprague-Dawley rats was occluded with a snare ligature for 1, 2, or 6 hours followed by 5, 4, or 0 hours of reflow, respectively (seven rats in each group). All animals were injected with neutral red for visual confirmation that the affected regions were reperfused. The brains were frozen in situ, and the concentrations of adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine, glycogen, and lactate were determined in those areas corresponding to the normally perfused medial ipsilateral cortex, the perifocal region, and the ischemic focus. Values for the 6 hours' occlusion with no reflow group served as a control to demonstrate restoration of metabolite concentrations. In both groups with reflow, the levels of high-energy phosphates were greater than control, but this effect of reflow was primarily significant for the group with 1 hour's occlusion (p less than 0.05). The levels of glycogen and lactate provided additional evidence that the extent of metabolite restoration was graded; following 2 hours of occlusion, metabolite recovery was compromised (p less than 0.05). Our data strongly support the concept that the window of opportunity for effective treatment of focal ischemia by reperfusion is narrow (of short duration).

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Brain; Cerebral Arteries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reperfusion; Time Factors

Topics: Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans; Intermittent Claudication; Male; Physical Exertion

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Coronary Disease; Electrophysiology; Glycogen; Heart; Histocytochemistry; Lactates; Membrane Potentials; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Swine; Time Factors

The lung, like other viable organs, requires the adequate supply of oxygen and metabolic substrates for its functional and structural integrity. Therefore, we studied the metabolic and ultrastructural consequences in the canine lung following bronchial and/or pulmonary arterial occlusions. The results indicate that the lung can maintain its bioenergetic levels for 5 hours with either the ventilation or perfusion alone. Ultrastructural changes appear to precede metabolic alterations measured. When both the ventilation and perfusion were interrupted, rapid biochemical and structural deteriorations occurred, whereas the combinations of alveolar obliteration and hypoxemia, induced with low F102, produced intermediate damage. The implications of these findings on the pathogenesis and evolution of acute respiratory distress syndrome, on the lung preservation for transplantation, and on the rationale for membrane oxygenator support are discussed.

Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Airway Obstruction; Animals; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Glucose; Dogs; Glycogen; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lung; Postoperative Complications; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Edema; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio

The metabolic capacity of leg muscles was determined in 12 patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency before and 6 months after vascular surgery. Succinic oxidase activity and the incorporation rates of glucose-carbon into glycogen, lipids, lacate, and CO2 were determined as a measure of metabolic capacity. Leg muscles from patients with intermittent claudication had high metabolic capacity, as shown previously. This capacity was reduced towards control values after successful revascularizations, while it remained unchanged if the surgery failed. In patients with gangrene the preoperative values of leg muscles' metabolic capacity were subnormal, and increased towards control values if surgery was successful. In 2 patients with limb gangrene the vascular surgery was only partially successful i.e. the gangrene threat was changed into intermittent claudication. In these 2 patients the metabolic capacity of leg muscles changed from sub- to supracontrol values. In 2 patients the vascular surgery failed, and the patients had no benefit from the operation. In these 2 patients the metabolic capacity of leg muscles remained unchanged. These results support the theory that changes in the amount of blood flow, i.e. the supply of oxygen and substrates to the leg, govern the level of metabolic capacity of the skeletal muscles. The results seem to justify the recommendation that reconstructive arterial surgery in patients with intermittent claudication ought to be followed by physical training to preserve the high metabolic capacity in the skeletal muscles.

Topics: Aged; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Biopsy; Blood Flow Velocity; Carbon Dioxide; Cholesterol; Female; Femoral Artery; Follow-Up Studies; Gangrene; Glycogen; Humans; Iliac Artery; Intermittent Claudication; Lactates; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Phospholipids; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Triglycerides

1. Leg blood flow, uptake of oxygen and glucose and release of lactate by the leg and changes in intramuscular concentrations of metabolites were studied at rest and during exercise of increasing work loads in thirteen patients with occlusive disease of the iliac or superficial femoral arteries. 2. Leg blood flow (dye-dilution technique) and oxygen uptake during exercise were low and levelled with increasing work load. Considerable increases were noted in muscle lactate concentration and in the net release of lactate from the exercising leg. Muscle content (needle-biopsy technique) of ATP and creatine phosphate decreased during exercise, with an almost complete depletion of creatine phosphate in three patients. The decrease in muscle glycogen during work did not differ significantly from that of control subjects. 3. Repeated exercise after reconstructive surgery showed a considerable improvement in physical working capacity. Leg blood flow and oxygen uptake during exercise were significantly higher than before surgery and increased linearly in relation to work intensity. The decrease in creatine phosphate and lactate concentration of the thigh muscle during exercise was less pronounced and the release of lactate was lower than before vascular reconstruction. 4. It is suggested that the onset of the severe muscle symptoms during exercise in patients with occlusive arterial disease of the leg may be related to a low concentration of ATP and creatine phosphate in the affected muscles.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Blood Flow Velocity; Glucose; Glucosephosphates; Glycogen; Humans; Lactates; Leg; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion

Topics: Animals; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Coronary Disease; Creatine Kinase; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Glycogen; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Necrosis; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors

Topics: Aged; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans; Intermittent Claudication; Ischemia; Lactates; Leg; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Endarteritis; Glycogen; Thromboangiitis Obliterans

Topics: Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Endarteritis; Glycogen; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscles; Thromboangiitis Obliterans