glycogen and Anaphylaxis

Effects of sensitizing antigen (ovalbumin) on various physiological and hepatic parameters were investigated in sensitized rats and isolated perfused livers derived from sensitized rats. Administration of ovalbumin (500 micrograms) to the portal venous circulation of sensitized but not nonsensitized rats resulted in a rapid and sustained decrease in systemic arterial pressure, characteristic of antigen-induced anaphylaxis, and pronounced increases in hepatic portal pressure and blood glucose concentration. These antigen-mediated alterations were similar to those observed in response to platelet-activating factor (PAF) (0.1 micrograms/kg) administration to rats and were inhibited significantly by specific PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2086 (250 micrograms/kg). Infusion of ovalbumin (3.8 micrograms/ml) into isolated perfused livers derived from sensitized rats resulted in significant increases in hepatic glucose output and portal pressure and decreases in oxygen consumption, as observed in response to PAF (0.28 nM) infusion into perfused livers. These hepatic responses to ovalbumin were antigen specific and were not observed in nonsensitized rat perfused livers. Hemodynamic and glycogenolytic responses to ovalbumin in perfused livers were inhibited significantly but less effectively than similar responses to PAF by infusion of WEB 2086 (500 nM) into livers. Coinfusion of indomethacin (2.8 microM) and nordihydroguariatic acid (1 microM) with WEB 2086 (500 nM) into perfused livers inhibited further hemodynamic but not glycogenolytic responses to ovalbumin. Infusion of nitric oxide (34 microM) into sensitized rat perfused livers prevented the hemodynamic and glycogenolytic responses to both ovalbumin and PAF. These observations provide evidence that hepatic glycogenolysis and vasoconstriction are stimulated during antigen-induced anaphylaxis and suggest that these responses are mediated in part by PAF.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigens; Azepines; Eicosanoids; Epitopes; Female; Glycogen; Liver; Nitric Oxide; Ovalbumin; Platelet Activating Factor; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Triazoles; Vasoconstriction

The investigations have been carried out on 116 guinea pigs divided in three groups: the control (first group), the experimental group with animals after acute anaphylactic shock (second group), the animals after histaminic shock (third group). The animals of the experimental (second) group were sensitized with 25% egg white suspension in 0.9% NaCl applied subcutaneously. The same animals were exposed to the action of the antigen in aerosol (second group). The healthy animals were exposed to the action of 1% solution of dihydrochloride histamine (third group). In acute anaphylactic shock a decrease of histoenzymatic activity of phosphorylase A and branching enzyme in liver parenchyma was observed. It has been concluded that in anaphylactic shock there occurred disturbances in the function of the phosphorylase A--branching enzyme system. In histaminic shock the phosphorylase reaction becomes intensified in numerous liver cells. This is possible because the exogenic histamine may lead to the activation of the enzymatic system under studies.

Topics: 1,4-alpha-Glucan Branching Enzyme; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Phosphorylase a

Certain macrolide antibiotics, such as troleandomycin (TAO), oleandomycin, and erythromycin estolate (Ilosone), can lower the maintenance dose of glucocorticoids required by severely asthmatic patients. These effects were postulated to be caused by an as yet undefined steroid-sparing effect. In this study, TAO in combination with methylprednisolone, when compared with methylprednisolone alone, was demonstrated to significantly increase liver glycogen deposition in adrenalectomized mice, intact mice, and adrenalectomized rats; protect histamine-sensitized mice following beta adrenergic blockade or adrenalectomy; further decrease the steroid-lowered glucose tolerance of mice and significantly increase the plasma corticosteroid levels in rats. TAO alone did not have these effects. TAO plus betamethasone, and erythromycin estolate plus methylprednisolone also increased liver glycogen deposition. However, TAO did not appear to potentiate the effects of hydrocortisone. Erythromycin stearate and to a lesser degree erythromycin ethylsuccinate when combined with methylprednisolone also decreased histamine lethality in mice. Leucomycin and tetracycline did not enhance the effects of methylprednisolone. TAO, alone or with methylprednisolone, did not alter serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels in rats. Thus, TAO and some other macrolides did not exert their effects on corticosteroids as antimicrobial agents, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)--like compounds, or quasisteroids, but as steroid-sparing agents by some undefined mechanism.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carrageenan; Epinephrine; Erythromycin; Erythromycin Estolate; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Hydrocortisone; Inflammation; Liver; Methylprednisolone; Mice; Rats; Steroids; Troleandomycin

The relationship of glycogen and glucose to anaphylactic histamine release from chopped sensitized guinea pig lung in vitro was studied. A parallelism was observed between the total amount of glycogen in the sensitized lung and the total amount of histamine released from the lung by antigen-antibody reactions. Removal of glucose from the medium for tissue suspension resulted in reduction in histamine release. Depletion of glycogen and/or glucose from the system was associated with (1) abolition of the inhibition of histamine release by isoproterenol and high concentrations of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and (2) increase in the rate of enhancement of histamine release by lower concentrations of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The results indicate that (1) glycogen may be one of the ultimate energy sources for anaphylactic histamine release, and (2) the presence of adequate amounts of glycogen and/or glucose in the sensitized tissue is necessary for the normal beta adrenergic effects on the histamine release in vitro from sensitized lung fragments.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Cyclic AMP; Glucose; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Histamine Release; Hypoxia; Immune Sera; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Intradermal; Isoproterenol; Lung; Male; Ovalbumin; Serum Albumin, Bovine

D-glucose-6-phosphate (less than or equal to 5 x 10(-3) M), pyruvate, lactate (less than or equal to 1 X 10(-2) M), and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (less than 5 X 10(-3) M) were capable of inhibiting anapylactic histamine release in vitro from chopped guinea pig lung. In lower concentrations, pyruvic acid and lactate, as well as dibutyryl cyclic AMP, enhanced the release. Significant synergism was observed betweenpyruvate (5 X 10(-3) M) and isoproterenol (1 X 10(-8) M) in the inhibition of histamine release. The inhibitory actions of isoproterenol, glucose-6-phosphate, and pyruvate were influenced by calcium ion concentration. However, beta blockade, which diminished the isoproterenol effect, was without efect on pyruvate (1 X 10(-2) M) to the release system. Glucose-6-phosphate and isoproterenol did not have this effect. The results, together with a prevouus study, suggest that glycogenolysis may possess a role in the anaphylactic istamine release in vitro from sensitized lung fragments...

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Calcium; Cyclic AMP; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Female; Fructosephosphates; Glucosephosphates; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Haplorhini; Histamine Release; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Lactates; Lung; Macaca mulatta; Male; Propranolol; Pyruvates; Theophylline

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Glycogen; Hypersensitivity; Lung; Macrophages; Monoamine Oxidase; NADPH Dehydrogenase; Rabbits; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigens; Egg White; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Inclusion Bodies; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Myocardium; Myofibrils

Topics: Absorption; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Blood Proteins; Complement System Proteins; Dextrans; Erythrocytes; Glycogen; Hemagglutination Tests; Hemolytic Plaque Technique; Ileum; Immune Sera; Immunoelectrophoresis; Muscle Contraction; Nitrogen; Ovalbumin; Peptides; Rats; Tachyphylaxis; Toxins, Biological; Zymosan

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Gingiva; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anaphylaxis; Cortisone; Glycogen; Glycogenolysis; Hypersensitivity; Liver; Metabolism

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Anaphylaxis; Glycogen; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Liver