glycogen and Adenoma

Topics: Adenoma; Ascorbic Acid; Carcinoma; Cytodiagnosis; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Goiter, Nodular; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Karyometry; Precancerous Conditions; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

Cowden syndrome is characterized by diffuse hamartomas involving the whole digestive tract. The gastrointestinal expression of the disease is inconstant, but hamartomatous polyposes are frequent. In a multicenter study we studied the endoscopic appearance of Cowden syndrome--as defined by fulfillment of international consortium criteria--in 10 patients. In 6 of the 10 patients the connection with Cowden syndrome was made retrospectively on the basis of the gastrointestinal endoscopic findings. All patients had upper and lower gastrointestinal tract involvement. Mean follow-up duration was 9.5 years (range: 2-26 years). Mean age was 37 years (range: 18-56 years). Polyps of the upper gastrointestinal tract were hamartomas, ganglioneuromas, lipomas, and adenomas. Diffuse glycogenic acanthosis was reported in nine patients. Besides the classical hamartomatous polyposis, diffuse macroscopic esophageal acanthosis and microscopic ganglioneuromatosis are other key findings associated with a diagnosis of Cowden syndrome. Physicians should be aware of these characteristics in order to diagnose Cowden syndrome early.

Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adult; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Esophageal Diseases; Female; Ganglioneuroma; Glycogen; Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Stomach Neoplasms; Young Adult

Serous cystic tumours of the pancreas are uncommon and are usually classified as microcystic adenomas (MCA). As new types of serous cystic tumours of this organ have been reported we reviewed a series of 14 lesions and from macroscopic findings two groups were distinguished: ten tumours revealed the features of MCA, while four were clearly distinct from MCA. Grossly, the latter tumours showed only few cysts which were irregularly assembled in fibrous stroma. On the cut surface, there was neither a central stellate scar nor a circumscribed tumour border, features characterizing MCA. Microscopically, the cysts were lined by cuboidal, non-mucin-producing cells. Immunocytochemical staining for cytokeratins 7, 8, 18 and 19 revealed a ductal phenotype. All non-MCA were found in the head of the pancreas and three of them occurred in men. There were no tumour recurrences or signs or malignant transformation after resection (mean follow-up, 2.9 years). These results suggest that there are serous cystic tumours distinct from MCA which may represent another variant of the category of serous cystic adenomas of the pancreas. We propose the term serous oligocystic and ill-demarcated adenoma (SOIA) for these tumours. It is possible that the recently described macrocystic sybtype of serous cystadenoma and SOIA and variants of the same tumour.

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amylases; Cystadenoma, Serous; Cytoplasm; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction

The development of hepatocellular tumors was investigated with histological, histochemical, and morphometrical methods in male Sprague-Dawley rats continuously administered N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) or N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) in the drinking water at low doses (0.5 mg DEN/100 ml; 1 mg NNM/100 ml). Groups of control, DEN-, and NNM-treated rats were investigated at 5-week intervals. Similar results were obtained in DEN- and NNM-treated rats. Two types of areas composed of basophilic or glycogenotic hepatocytes were observed preceding the appearance of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. Besides their cytologic differences, the basophilic and glycogenotic areas induced displayed distinct histochemical features. Both types of areas were detected simultaneously and increased in parallel with time to a similar incidence, but basophilic areas reached larger sizes than the glycogenotic ones. Furthermore, each type of area, which clustered around and along efferent veins, was differently linked to tumorigenesis. Basophilic areas frequently developed into basophilic adenomas and trabecular carcinomas through a characteristic sequence. Early basophilic areas consisted of hepatocytes with lamellar cytoplasmic hyperbasophilia and exhibited the normal laminar liver structure. With time, an increasing number of basophilic areas also contained hepatocytes with powdered diffuse hyperbasophilia, which frequently were arranged in thick trabeculae, showed abundant mitotic figures, and invaded efferent veins. Neither such signs of malignancy nor conversion into basophilic areas or tumors could be established for areas of clear and acidophilic glycogenotic hepatocytes. However, a few small glycogenotic adenomas probably developed from glycogenotic areas. Our data thus underline the central role of basophilic areas for hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, taking into account the data from other experiments, it seems likely that although glycogenotic areas may be associated with the application of some carcinogens at high doses, they are not obligatory precursors of hepatocellular tumors.

Topics: Adenoma; Administration, Oral; Animals; Carcinogens; Diethylnitrosamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Esophageal Neoplasms; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Incidence; Liver; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Nitrosamines; Papilloma; Rats

A previous report of members of our group demonstrated, in most adenocarcinomas and some adenomatous polyps with areas of malignant transformation, the presence of glycogen in cells that failed to show the synthesis of ordinary mucosubstances. The presence of glycogen in non-differentiated epithelium of the digestive tract of embryos, where it precedes ordinary mucus secretion, has lead some authors to suggest that the changes to glycogen secretion that occurs in malignant colonic cells, reflects the general regression to a less differentiated level of structure and function. It is well established that patients with carcinomas of the colon classified as less differentiated or higher grade tumors have significantly less chance of cure and consequently a worse prognosis than patients with lower grade tumors. The present ultrastructural study of the morphological differentiation characteristics of the glycogen containing cells previously encountered, revealed a strong association of glycogen to undifferentiated cells of the colonic adenocarcinomas and precancerous polypoid lesions studied. This undoubtedly seems to encourage the testing for the presence of glycogen in routine procedures as a possible marker of diagnostic and prognostic significance.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Precancerous Conditions; Prognosis

A glycogen-rich adenoma occurring in the minor salivary gland of the nasopharynx in a 41-year-old woman was studied ultrastructurally. The cytoplasm of the tumour cells was abundantly filled with glycogen particles. The tumour cells possessed many mitochondria, a great number of microvillous processes and microvilli and were joined to each other by desmosomes. These findings suggest that this adenoma is of salivary duct epithelial origin most probably from storing striated ductal cells, and is a variant of monomorphic oxyphilic adenoma.

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasmic Granules; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Microvilli; Mitochondria; Nasopharynx; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands, Minor

A detailed electronmicroscopic study on glycogen-rich tumor is presented. The neoplasm originated from the minor salivary glands on the ventral surface of the tongue. The role of myoepithelial cells in the histogenesis of this lesion is not supported. It is proposed that the tumor arises from "undifferentiated" stem cells analogous to cells in the "end bud" stage of salivary gland morphogenesis. The presence of a large amount of glycogen is secondary to defective carbohydrate metabolism within the tumor cells.

Topics: Adenoma; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Salivary Gland Neoplasms

Of a total of 544 tubular, villous and tubulo-villous adenomas of the human colon which were investigated by light microscopy, six tubular and six villous adenomas were examined under the electron microscope. It was shown that the two types of adenoma differ in their tissue architecture, but not in their cytological appearance. Different grades of epithelial atypia occur in both types of adenoma. These are designated as grades I to III, correspond to mild, moderate and severe atypia respectively. Whereas adenoma cells with atypia grade I clearly show a cytological relationship with crypt epithelia of the normal colonic mucosa under the electron microscope, adenoma cells with atypia grade III have largely lost the differentiation characteristics of the parent cells and there is no longer intracytoplasmic organization. In the cytoplasm of adenoma cells with atypia grade II, glycogen storage is found as a special feature which does not occur in normal colonic epithelium. A similar finding has been described in the course of malignant transformation of the liver and kidney and thus can be regarded as a further indication of the precancerous nature of the adenomas.

Topics: Adenoma; Cell Differentiation; Colonic Neoplasms; Glycogen; Humans; Microscopy, Electron

By means of electron microscopy, three types of cell were identified in the adrenal cortical adenomas obtained by surgery from three patients with primary aldosteronism. They were zona glomerulosa-type cells, compact cells and clear cells. The former two types of cell were quite similar to those found in the zona glomerulosa and the zona reticularis respectively. The clear cell with large lipid vacuoles possessed mitochondria similar to those found in the outer zona fasciculata. The ultrastructure of the vacuoles was rather complex and their relationship to those in the zona fasciculata cell was not clear. Glycogen particles in the beta-form, which were present in the zona glomerulosa and reticularis cell but not in the zona fasciculata cell, were observed within the cytoplasm of this tumour cell. The clear cells of the tumours were therefore considered to possess features of both the zona glomerulosa and the zona fasciculata cell.

Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adult; Cell Membrane; Cytoplasmic Granules; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Male; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Vacuoles

A quantitative electron microscopic study was performed in a case of parotid oncocytoma. The mean nuclear radius was estimated to be 3.4 mu, and the mean nuclear volume 171 cu mu. The mean cell volume was calculated to be 958 cu mu. The mitochondrial volume density value averaged 59% of the cytoplasmic volume, and the mean nuclear volume density was 24% of the cell volume. These findings are compared with previous quantitative electron microscopic data on various epithelial cells from the digestive system, including the salivary glands.

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Cytoplasm; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Mitochondria; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Gingival Neoplasms; Glycogen; Humans; Male; Mandible; Middle Aged

Electron microscopical study of an oncocytoma of the parotid gland disclosed the presence of two cell types, typical oncocytes and condensed oncocytes. The typical oncocyte contains abundant mitochondria that were tightly packed almost completely filling the entire cytoplasm. Only small areas were left for the remaining cytoplasmic organelles. The nuclei in these typical onocytes appeared oval or spheroid. Condensed oncocytes were scattered singly or in nests in tumorous tissue. These cells were also replete with mitochondria, but differed, however, in that many mitochondria showed evidence of degeneration and fusion. Nuclei of these cells were irregular, dense, and contained inclusions and glycogen granules. The relationship of nuclear envelopes to mitochondria and other cellular components has been described previously, but to our knowledge, this represents an original finding in the case of an oncocytoma.

Topics: Adenoma; Cell Nucleus; Connective Tissue; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasmic Granules; Desmosomes; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Basement Membrane; Cell Membrane; Cytoplasm; Epithelial Cells; Female; Glycogen; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Pinocytosis

Topics: Adenoma; Adenoma, Acidophil; Adenoma, Basophil; Adenoma, Chromophobe; Administration, Oral; Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cystadenoma; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Morpholines; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitrosamines; Rats

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cytoplasm; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Middle Aged; Spectrophotometry; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Basement Membrane; Carcinoma; Cytoplasm; Epithelium; Glycogen; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Kidney Tubules; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Male; Methenamine; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Silver

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Aged; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosyltransferases; Glycogen; Glycogen Storage Disease; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Microscopy, Electron; Nucleotidases; Phosphotransferases; Polysaccharides; Skin; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Sweat Gland Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Animals; Cytoplasm; Glycogen; Golgi Apparatus; Inclusion Bodies; Lung Neoplasms; Membranes; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Neoplasms, Experimental

Topics: Adenoma; Cytoplasmic Granules; Electron Transport Complex IV; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Parotid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Parotid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Carcinoid Tumor; Cell Nucleus; Collagen; Cytoplasm; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glycogen; Glycogen Storage Disease; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Methods; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged

Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adult; Autopsy; Biological Evolution; Biopsy; Cell Membrane; Cell Nucleus; Cilia; Cytoplasmic Granules; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Hyperplasia; Inclusion Bodies; Lipids; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Organoids; Parathyroid Glands; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Ribosomes

Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myoepithelioma; Sweat Gland Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Cytoplasm; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Parotid Neoplasms

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aged; Androgens; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Hyperplasia; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Parathyroid Diseases; Parathyroid Glands; Parathyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Glycogen; Humans; Parotid Neoplasms; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands