glycodeoxycholic-acid and Body-Weight

The effects of RKM in comparison with pectin, algin and agar on lipid levels in serum and liver and on liver histopathology in rats were studied. In addition, the effects of all the tested materials on the composition and output of fecal bile acid were observed. All four kinds of dietary fiber were given at a level of 5% of diet to young male rats of Wistar strain fed on a lipid-rich diet containing 5% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.25% cholate. All the dietary fibers tested have similar effects on serum lipid composition. In all groups, these substances prevented increases in total cholesterol in fasting serum, but the level of triglyceride was unchanged. The concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were lower in the RKM group than in the control group and the other three groups. Hepatic histopathological examination also showed the most significant lipotropic effect in the RKM group. The daily output of fecal bile acids (CDCA + GDCA) was significantly increased in the four experimental groups than in the normal group and the control group. The increase of CDCA was more significant than GDCA, suggesting that the increase of fecal bile acids, especially CDCA, may be one of the mechanisms by which RKM and the other three dietary fibers exerts a hypocholesterolemic effect.

Topics: Agar; Alginates; Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents; Body Weight; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, Dietary; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dietary Fiber; Eating; Feces; Glucuronic Acid; Glycodeoxycholic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Lipids; Liver; Male; Mannans; Molecular Weight; Pectins; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Triglycerides

We tested the hypothesis that infant cholesterol intake and breast- versus formula-feeding influence the bile cholesterol saturation index and bile acid conjugate composition in adult baboons at 7-8 years of age. We also measured the influence of the postweaning intake of dietary cholesterol and fat (saturated and unsaturated) on the effects of the infant diets. The 80 baboons were derived from six sires and 80 dams and randomly assigned at birth to breast-feeding or to one of three formulas containing about 2, 30, or 60 mg cholesterol/dl. After weaning at 16 weeks of age the animals were assigned to one of four adult diets, which contained 0.01 or 1.0 mg/kcal of cholesterol containing 40% of calories from saturated or unsaturated fat. The bile cholesterol saturation index was significantly higher at 7-8 years of age in baboons breast-fed as infants compared with those fed formula (87.0% versus 72.8%, p less than 0.004). The cholesterol saturation index was not significantly different among the three formula groups. Among baboons who were breast-fed and subsequently fed saturated fat as adults, the glycine/taurine (G/T) ratios of the bile acid conjugates were about three times those of baboons fed unsaturated fat (1.53 versus 0.47); whereas among formula-fed animals the type of fat did not influence the G/T ratio (interaction, p = 0.022). Adult baboons fed the three formulas in infancy had an inverse relationship of the G/T ratio to the level of formula cholesterol (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Bile; Body Weight; Breast Feeding; Cholesterol; Dietary Fats; Female; Food, Formulated; Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid; Glycocholic Acid; Glycodeoxycholic Acid; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Papio; Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid

The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the postnatal development of the liver was examined. New Zealand White rabbits received 40 micrograms.kg-1.day-1 EGF from days 3 to 17 of age either intraperitoneally or orogastrically, whereas controls received saline. At days 18-20, animals underwent cannulation of the common duct using halothane anesthetic. Biliary output was measured directly for three 1-h periods: under basal conditions and in response to intravenous infusion of exogenous glycodeoxycholic acid at 0.75 and 1.5 mumol.min-1.kg-1, respectively. The bile salt pool size was measured by isotope dilution. Final mean body weight of intraperitoneal and orogastric groups did not differ from controls. Liver we weight, DNA, and protein content were significantly increased in intraperitoneally treated animals without morphological or biochemical evidence of fat deposition. Both intraperitoneal and orogastric EGF significantly increased bile salt secretion in the basal period and as a response to exogenous bile acid infusion. Bile flow was significantly increased in response to 1.5 mumol.min-1.kg-1 infusion of glycodeoxycholic acid. The bile salt pool was increased by both intraperitoneal and orogastric EGF. Administration of EGF resulted in a precocious development of glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) activity in the liver. EGF had no effect on serum cortisol, corticosterone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, or free thyroxine levels. These findings suggest that in the neonatal period EGF can promote hepatic growth and maturation.

Topics: Animals; Bile; Bile Acids and Salts; Body Weight; DNA; Epidermal Growth Factor; Glucokinase; Glycodeoxycholic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Organ Size; Proteins; Rabbits