glycine and Disease Models, Animal studies

Disease Models, Animal: Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"These results suggest that acetaldehyde may be a common cause of both ethanol- and threonine-induced hypertension."	8.79	Ethanol- and threonine-induced hypertension in rats: a common mechanism. ( Ford, CA; Longerich, L; Parai, S; Prabhakaran, V; Vasdev, S; Whalen, M, 1995)
"Lower circulating levels of glycine are consistently reported in association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the causative role and therapeutic potential of glycine in atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of most CVDs, remain to be established."	8.12	Induction of glutathione biosynthesis by glycine-based treatment mitigates atherosclerosis. ( Aviram, M; Chen, YE; Das, S; Delgadillo, L; Finney, AC; Garcia-Barrio, MT; Ghrayeb, A; Gottlieb, E; Hayek, T; Kevil, CG; Liu, Y; Mor, I; Pattillo, CB; Rajanayake, KK; Rashdan, NA; Rom, O; Shukha, Y; Sun, D; Wang, L; Weissman, N; Wen, B; Yurdagul, A; Zhang, J; Zhao, Y, 2022)
"Our findings suggest that skeletal muscular glycine contributes to the antidepressant effects of ketamine in inflammation."	7.91	Contribution of skeletal muscular glycine to rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine in an inflammation-induced mouse model of depression. ( Hua, D; Hua, F; Huang, N; Jiang, R; Li, S; Luo, A; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Yang, C; Yang, L; Yu, F; Zhan, G; Zhu, B, 2019)
" The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that hydroxyproline (Hyp), an amino acid with an antioxidative property, attenuates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice."	7.88	Hydroxyproline Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice: Involvment of the NF-κB Signaling and Oxidative Stress. ( Dai, Z; Ji, Y; Ma, X; Sun, S; Tso, P; Wu, G; Wu, Z; Yang, Y, 2018)
" To determine the role of non-ionotropic activity of NMDARs in clinical relevant conditions, we tested the effect of glycine, a co-agonist of NMDARs, in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), an animal model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after the animals were injected with the NMDAR channel blocker MK-801 and the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine."	7.85	A non-ionotropic activity of NMDA receptors contributes to glycine-induced neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. ( Chen, J; Feng, H; Hu, R; Jin, P; Lei, R; Liao, H; Wan, Q; Wan, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhuang, Y, 2017)
" Because the involvement of local inhibition in the dorsal horn, specifically that mediated by the inhibitory amino acids GABA and glycine, is so important in signal processing, we investigated regional inhibitory control of excitatory interneurons under control conditions and peripheral inflammation-induced mechanical allodynia."	7.85	Inhibition Mediated by Glycinergic and GABAergic Receptors on Excitatory Neurons in Mouse Superficial Dorsal Horn Is Location-Specific but Modified by Inflammation. ( Choudhury, P; Conway, CM; Flood, PD; MacDermott, AB; Mukai, J; Scherrer, G; Takazawa, T; Tong, CK, 2017)
"48 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 3 groups: normal control group, severe burns injury group and severe burns treated with sivelestat sodium hydrate group (SSI)."	7.83	Sivelestat sodium hydrate attenuates acute lung injury by decreasing systemic inflammation in a rat model of severe burns. ( Huang, P; Li, QG; Xiao, XG; Zu, HG, 2016)
"Since the hypofunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is known to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, the enhancement of NMDA receptor function through glycine modulatory sites is expected to be a useful approach for the treatment of schizophrenia."	7.81	Efficacy of a glycine transporter 1 inhibitor TASP0315003 in animal models of cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. ( Abe, K; Aoki, T; Chaki, S; Iijima, M; Kaku, A; Kambe, D; Karasawa, J; Kawakita, Y; Okubo, T; Okuyama, S; Sekiguchi, Y; Shibata, T; Shimazaki, T; Yamamoto, S, 2015)
"Glycine protects skeletal muscle from cancer-induced wasting and loss of function, reduces the oxidative and inflammatory burden, and reduces the expression of genes associated with muscle protein breakdown in cancer cachexia."	7.80	Glycine administration attenuates skeletal muscle wasting in a mouse model of cancer cachexia. ( Chee, A; Ham, DJ; Koopman, R; Lynch, GS; Murphy, KT, 2014)
"Sivelestat sodium hydrate (sivelestat) is a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor that is effective in treating acute lung injury associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome."	7.80	Sivelestat sodium hydrate inhibits neutrophil migration to the vessel wall and suppresses hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. ( Fujimura, T; Fushida, S; Hayashi, H; Kitagawa, H; Makino, I; Miyashita, T; Munesue, S; Nakagawara, H; Nakanuma, S; Ohta, T; Saito, H; Sakai, S; Tajima, H; Yamamoto, Y, 2014)
" The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of brain preconditioning induced by sarcosine, a GlyT-1 inhibitor, against global cerebral ischemia and its relation to NMDAR."	7.80	Sarcosine preconditioning induces ischemic tolerance against global cerebral ischemia. ( da Costa, FL; de Paiva, MJ; Gomez, MV; Gomez, RS; Pinto, MC; Resende, RR; Romano-Silva, MA; Rosa, DV; Simão, F, 2014)
"The aim of the work was investigation of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity together with leukocytes functional stability indexes in rats with the experimental contact dermatitis (ECD) in conditions of complex pharmacological correction using deltaran and melatonin."	7.80	[Effect of deltaran and melatonin on immune system in rats with experimental contact dermatitis]. ( Shandra, OO, 2014)
" As brain tumors are enriched in the neurotransmitter glycine, we studied the expression and function of glycine receptors (GlyRs) in glioma cells."	7.80	Intracellular glycine receptor function facilitates glioma formation in vivo. ( Benedetti, B; Dzaye, O; Fähling, M; Förstera, B; Glass, R; Junier, MP; Kettenmann, H; Markovic, DS; Meier, JC; Semtner, M; Synowitz, M; Wend, P; Winkelmann, A, 2014)
"Glycine is well known to protect the intestine against ischemia-reperfusion injury and during mechanical manipulation."	7.80	Glycine selectively reduces intestinal injury during endotoxemia. ( de Groot, H; Effenberger-Neidnicht, K; Jägers, J; Verhaegh, R, 2014)
"Latrunculin A microperfusion of the hippocampus induces acute epileptic seizures and long-term biochemical changes leading to spontaneous seizures."	7.80	Effects of eslicarbazepine acetate on acute and chronic latrunculin A-induced seizures and extracellular amino acid levels in the mouse hippocampus. ( Loureiro, AI; Sierra-Marcuño, G; Sierra-Paredes, G; Soares-da-Silva, P; Wright, LC, 2014)
" The wider significance of such conversions is discussed with similar metabolism of tryptophan and subsequent glycine conjugation potentially explaining the origin of trans-indolylacryloylglycine, a postulated marker for autism."	7.78	Metabolic differences underlying two distinct rat urinary phenotypes, a suggested role for gut microbial metabolism of phenylalanine and a possible connection to autism. ( Clayton, TA, 2012)
"Glycine administration resulted in a noticeable improvement of pathomorphological alterations in AP, such as a reduction of necrosis, inflammatory infiltrates and cytoplasmic vacuoles in cerulein pancreatitis."	7.77	Prophylactic glycine administration attenuates pancreatic damage and inflammation in experimental acute pancreatitis. ( Aghdassi, AA; Bergmann, F; Büchler, MW; Ceyhan, GO; Demir, IE; Friess, H; Günther, A; Kern, M; Lerch, MM; Mayerle, J; Schemmer, P; Timm, AK, 2011)
"Genetic and dietary hyperhomocysteinemia has been found to decrease high density lipoproteins (HDL) and their apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1)."	7.76	Cysteinemia, rather than homocysteinemia, is associated with plasma apolipoprotein A-I levels in hyperhomocysteinemia: lipid metabolism in cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. ( Arnal, C; Barranquero, C; Bregante, MA; García-Gimeno, MA; Gascón, S; Godino, J; Guillén, N; Guzmán, MA; Hernandez, E; Lou-Bonafonte, JM; Navarro, MA; Nuño-Ayala, M; Osada, J; Royo-Cañas, M; Sarría, AJ, 2010)
" Glycine or muscimol reduced bicuculline-induced allodynia regardless of the administration site, whereas intrathecal taurine reduced bicuculline-induced allodynia."	7.76	Intracisternal or intrathecal glycine, taurine, or muscimol inhibit bicuculline-induced allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in mice. ( Lee, IO; Lim, ES, 2010)
"The inhibitory transmitters GABA and glycine play an important role in modulating pain transmission, both in normal and in pathological situations."	7.76	Differential distribution of activated spinal neurons containing glycine and/or GABA and expressing c-fos in acute and chronic pain models. ( Duraku, LS; Holstege, JC; Hossaini, M; Jongen, JLM; Saraç, Ç, 2010)
" The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a specific loss of glycinergic neurons is necessary to develop hyperalgesia and allodynia in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain."	7.75	Loss of spinal glycinergic neurons is not necessary for development of neuropathic pain in transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein in glycinergic neurons. ( Bauer, I; Braun, S; Hermanns, H; Lipfert, P; Muth-Selbach, U; Werdehausen, R, 2009)
"Behavioral phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia were assessed in Grin1(D481N) mice that have reduced NMDAR glycine affinity."	7.74	Mice with reduced NMDA receptor glycine affinity model some of the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. ( Labrie, V; Lipina, T; Roder, JC, 2008)
"The role of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) in myocardial infarction (MI) has not been previously studied."	7.74	Hydrogen sulfide and its possible roles in myocardial ischemia in experimental rats. ( Ho, P; Huang, SH; Loke, YY; Lu, J; Moore, PK; Tan, CS; Wang, ZJ; Whiteman, M; Zhu, YC; Zhu, YZ, 2007)
" In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective potency of the selective mGluR5 agonist, (R,S)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG), in endothelin-1(ET-1)-induced focal ischemia in rats."	7.74	No improvement of functional and histological outcome after application of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 agonist CHPG in a model of endothelin-1-induced focal ischemia in rats. ( Henrich-Noack, P; Reymann, KG; Riek-Burchardt, M, 2007)
"We sought to investigate the anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effect of a selective metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 (mGluR8) agonist (S)-3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycines (S-3,4-DCPG) on pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (PISE) and subsequent loss of hilar neurons in the dentate gyrus after systemic (intravenous) or local (intracerebroventricular) administration."	7.74	Anticonvulsive effect of a selective mGluR8 agonist (S)-3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine (S-3,4-DCPG) in the mouse pilocarpine model of status epilepticus. ( Chia, SC; Jay, TM; Jiang, FL; Tang, FR; Tang, YC, 2007)
"In the present study we examined the effect of NA-glycine in a rat model of inflammatory pain."	7.74	Actions of N-arachidonyl-glycine in a rat inflammatory pain model. ( Mitchell, VA; Succar, R; Vaughan, CW, 2007)
"The antithrombotic and bleeding properties of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran and of warfarin were investigated in an experimental venous thrombosis and bleeding model in anaesthetized rats."	7.73	The effects of ximelagatran and warfarin on the prophylaxis of a caval vein thrombosis and bleeding in the anaesthetized rat. ( Carlsson, S; Elg, M, 2005)
"To investigate the effect of combination of glycine and methylprednisolone (MP) on Kupffer cells in liver of rats suffered from hemorrhagic shock."	7.73	[The effect of combination of glycine and methylprednisolone on Kupffer cells of liver after hemorrhagic shock in rats]. ( Guan, FL; Ren, GC; Wang, G; Wang, Y; Wang, YZ, 2006)
"The potential anticonvulsant effect of group III metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist (R,S)-4-phosphonophenylglycine ((R,S)-PPG) against seizures induced in immature 12-day-old rats by bilateral intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of DL-homocysteic acid (DL-HCA, 600 nmol/side) was examined in the present study."	7.72	Seizures induced by homocysteic acid in immature rats are prevented by group III metabotropic glutamate receptoragonist (R,S)-4-phosphonophenylglycine. ( Folbergrová, J; Haugvicová, R; Mares, P, 2003)
"The release of [(3)H]D-aspartate ([(3)H]D-ASP) or [(3)H]GABA evoked by glycine from spinal cord synaptosomes was compared in mice expressing mutant human SOD1 with a Gly(93) Ala substitution ([SOD1-G93A(+)]), a transgenic model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and in control mice."	7.72	Activation of a glycine transporter on spinal cord neurons causes enhanced glutamate release in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ( Bonanno, G; Paolucci, E; Prisco, S; Raiteri, L; Raiteri, M, 2003)
"To investigate the effect of glycine on survival after hemorrhagic shock in the rats and elucidate the underlying mechanisms."	7.72	[The effect of glycine on survival after hemorrhagic shock in the rats]. ( Wang, EH; Wang, G, 2004)
"Glycine (GLY) is a neutral amino acid that has been shown to be cytoprotective in the kidneys of dogs and rabbits undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury."	7.71	Glycine preserves function and decreases necrosis in skeletal muscle undergoing ischemia and reperfusion injury. ( Ascher, E; Cheng, W; Hanson, JN; Hingorani, A; Scheinman, M, 2001)
" The effects of LB-30057 on thrombus formation and hemostasis were evaluated in a veno-venous shunt model of thrombosis in rabbits, and compared with inogatran, another direct inhibitor of thrombin."	7.71	Antithrombotic effect of LB-30057 (CI-1028), a new synthetic thrombin inhibitor, in a rabbit model of thrombosis: comparison with inogatran. ( Bousley, RF; Chi, L; Gallagher, KP; Janiczek, N; Juneau, PL; Mertz, TE; Peng, YW; Rogers, KL; Saganek, L; Uprichard, AC, 2001)
"Retinal ischemia increased vitreous concentrations of glutamate and glycine."	7.70	Memantine is neuroprotective in a rat model of pressure-induced retinal ischemia. ( Bach, M; Feuerstein, TJ; Knörle, R; Lagrèze, WA, 1998)
"Post-prostatectomy syndrome (PPS) is characterized by hyponatremia after absorption of glycine irrigant."	7.69	Glycine-induced hyponatremia in the rat: a model of post-prostatectomy syndrome. ( Baer, JE; Kozlowski, SA; Rogers, SJ; Silver, SM; Sterns, RH, 1995)
"Inogatran (MW 439 Da), a new, selective, active site inhibitor of thrombin, was evaluated in three rat models of thrombosis."	7.69	Effects of inogatran, a new low-molecular-weight thrombin inhibitor, in rat models of venous and arterial thrombosis, thrombolysis and bleeding time. ( Börjesson, I; Elg, M; Gustafsson, D; Lenfors, S; Teger-Nilsson, AC, 1996)
"The effects of R-(+)-HA-966 ((+)-3-amino-1-hydroxypyrrolid-2-one), a low-efficacy partial agonist of the glycine modulatory site of the NMDA receptor complex, were studied in an inbred line of Syrian golden hamsters with generalized dystonia, a frequent movement disorder in humans."	7.68	The glycine/NMDA receptor ligand (+)-HA-966 but not D-cycloserine has potent antidystonic efficacy in a genetic animal model of dystonia. ( Löscher, W; Richter, A, 1993)
"To determine if pregnancy alters the impaired renal vasodilator responses in hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats, we measured glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow and calculated renal vascular resistance before, during, and after renal vasodilation with glycine (0."	7.68	Pregnancy restores the renal vasodilator response to glycine in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. ( Heesch, CM; Whitescarver, SA, 1993)
"Glycine has been shown to protect livers from CTx-induced injury and oxidative stress, and it reduces platelet aggregation and improves microperfusion."	5.56	Dietary Glycine Prevents FOLFOX Chemotherapy-Induced Heart Injury: A Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis Treatment Model in Rats. ( Bausys, A; Feldbacher, N; Hoefler, G; Kolb-Lenz, D; Leber, B; Maneikyte, J; Schemmer, P; Stiegler, P; Strupas, K, 2020)
"Glycine has been shown to protect against ischemic stroke through various mechanisms."	5.48	Glycine confers neuroprotection through PTEN/AKT signal pathway in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. ( Chen, J; Chen, Y; Feng, YG; Lei, Y; Liao, HB; Liu, R; Pan, MX; Qin, XP; Tang, JC; Wan, Q; Wang, S; Zhang, Y; Zhang, ZF; Zhao, D; Zhuang, Y, 2018)
"Ixazomib is an orally bioavailable proteasome inhibitor with a rapid proteasome dissociation rate."	5.46	Ixazomib suppresses human dendritic cell and modulates murine graft-versus-host disease in a schedule-dependent fashion. ( Abdel-Mageed, S; Al-Homsi, AS; Cole, K; Feng, Y; Goodyke, A; McLane, M; Muilenburg, M, 2017)
"Glycine has an estrogen-like osteoprotective effect in menopause models."	5.43	Estrogen-like osteoprotective effects of glycine in in vitro and in vivo models of menopause. ( Jeong, HJ; Kim, HM; Kim, MH, 2016)
"Obesity was found to be associated with decreased vessel H2S concentration, inward hypertrophic remodeling, altered collagen-to-elastin ratio, and reduced vessel stiffness."	5.43	Hydrogen sulfide depletion contributes to microvascular remodeling in obesity. ( Candela, J; Velmurugan, GV; White, C, 2016)
"Limonin has a potential protective function revealed by the metabolic profiling of limonin-treated rats located closer to the normal group."	5.42	Metabolomics strategy reveals therapeutical assessment of limonin on nonbacterial prostatitis. ( An, N; Meng, X; Sun, H; Wang, H; Wang, X; Yan, G; Zhang, A; Zhang, Y, 2015)
"The exact etiology of preeclampsia is unknown, but there is growing evidence of an imbalance in angiogenic growth factors and abnormal placentation."	5.39	Dysregulation of hydrogen sulfide producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase contributes to maternal hypertension and placental abnormalities in preeclampsia. ( Ahmad, S; Ahmed, A; Baily, J; Buhimschi, CS; Buhimschi, IA; Cai, M; Crispi, F; Cudmore, M; Fujisawa, T; Gratacós, E; Hadoke, PW; Miller, MR; Rennie, J; Wang, K; Wang, R, 2013)
"Glycine is a cytoprotector to protect cells against ischemic damage by counteracting neuronal depolarization."	5.38	Glycine attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in mice. ( Bai, H; Ben, J; Chen, Q; Li, K; Li, X; Lu, Y; Ma, B; Yang, Q; Zhang, J; Zhu, X, 2012)
"The incidence of acute pancreatitis has been rising worldwide in the past few decades."	5.38	Potential of sivelestat in protection against severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury in rats. ( Chen, L; Tang, AM; Wang, HH; Zhou, MT, 2012)
"Dynamic mechanical allodynia is a widespread and intractable symptom of neuropathic pain for which there is a lack of effective therapy."	5.35	Glycine inhibitory dysfunction induces a selectively dynamic, morphine-resistant, and neurokinin 1 receptor- independent mechanical allodynia. ( Dallel, R; Miraucourt, LS; Moisset, X; Voisin, DL, 2009)
"Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain stem and spinal cord, and it also plays a critical role as a modulator of NMDA receptors."	5.35	Effects of glycine on electrical and histological properties of a rat peripheral nerve injury model. ( Alfaro-Rodriguez, A; Baltazar-Rendon, B; Gonzalez-Maciel, A; Hernandez-Romero, A; Nuno-Licona, A; Padilla-Martin, K; Ramos, A; Uribe-Escamilla, R, 2009)
"Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally occurring gaseous transmitter, which may play important roles in normal physiology and disease."	5.33	Inhibition of endogenous hydrogen sulfide formation reduces the organ injury caused by endotoxemia. ( Anuar, FB; Bhatia, M; Collin, M; Moore, PK; Murch, O; Thiemermann, C, 2005)
"Dexrazoxane is a cardioprotective antioxidant that is clinically used to reduce the cardiotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin."	5.31	Dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) protects cardiac myocytes against hypoxia-reoxygenation damage. ( Hasinoff, BB, 2002)
"We investigated changes to the leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H)-proline-glycine-proline (PGP) pathway and chronic inflammation in the development of COPD."	5.19	An aberrant leukotriene A4 hydrolase-proline-glycine-proline pathway in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ( Blalock, JE; Gaggar, A; Garrett, C; Handley, G; Jackson, PL; McNicholas, CM; Miller, BE; O'Reilly, PJ; Rennard, SI; Roda, MA; Sullivan, DI; Szul, T; Tal-Singer, R; Wells, JM, 2014)
"Over the last 20 years, glutamatergic models of schizophrenia have become increasingly accepted as etiopathological models of schizophrenia, based on the observation that phencyclidine (PCP) induces a schizophrenia-like psychosis by blocking neurotransmission at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors."	4.88	Has an angel shown the way? Etiological and therapeutic implications of the PCP/NMDA model of schizophrenia. ( Heresco-Levy, U; Javitt, DC; Umbricht, D; Zukin, SR, 2012)
"These results suggest that acetaldehyde may be a common cause of both ethanol- and threonine-induced hypertension."	4.79	Ethanol- and threonine-induced hypertension in rats: a common mechanism. ( Ford, CA; Longerich, L; Parai, S; Prabhakaran, V; Vasdev, S; Whalen, M, 1995)
"Lower circulating levels of glycine are consistently reported in association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the causative role and therapeutic potential of glycine in atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of most CVDs, remain to be established."	4.12	Induction of glutathione biosynthesis by glycine-based treatment mitigates atherosclerosis. ( Aviram, M; Chen, YE; Das, S; Delgadillo, L; Finney, AC; Garcia-Barrio, MT; Ghrayeb, A; Gottlieb, E; Hayek, T; Kevil, CG; Liu, Y; Mor, I; Pattillo, CB; Rajanayake, KK; Rashdan, NA; Rom, O; Shukha, Y; Sun, D; Wang, L; Weissman, N; Wen, B; Yurdagul, A; Zhang, J; Zhao, Y, 2022)
"Calpain proteolysis contributes to the pathogenesis of heart failure but the calpain isoforms responsible and their substrate specificities have not been rigorously defined."	4.02	Calpain-2 specifically cleaves Junctophilin-2 at the same site as Calpain-1 but with less efficacy. ( Abel, ED; Chen, B; Ciampa, G; Hall, DD; Peng, T; Shi, Q; Song, LS; Wang, J; Zheng, D, 2021)
"It was found that chronic and acute uses of both propargylglycine and hydroxylamine prevented the development of tolerance to morphine, whereas they had no effect on morphine dependence."	4.02	The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Development of Tolerance and Dependence to Morphine in Mice. ( Cetin, Z; Dokmeci, D; Gunduz, O; Karadag, HC; Topuz, RD; Ulugol, A, 2021)
"Delayed emergence from anesthesia was previously reported in a case study of a child with Glycine Encephalopathy."	4.02	Elevated preoptic brain activity in zebrafish glial glycine transporter mutants is linked to lethargy-like behaviors and delayed emergence from anesthesia. ( Bindernagel, R; Buglo, E; Dallman, JE; Engert, F; Kelz, MB; Meng, QC; Randlett, O; Sloan, SA; Stark, MJ; Sumathipala, SH; Syed, S; Venincasa, MJ; Yan, Q; Züchner, S, 2021)
" Here we investigated long-term effects of PHDI treatment in adenine-induced nephropathy as a model for chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis."	3.91	Mononuclear phagocytes orchestrate prolyl hydroxylase inhibition-mediated renoprotection in chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. ( Beneke, A; Burzlaff, N; Daniel, C; Eckardt, KU; Goppelt-Struebe, M; Herrmann, M; Jantsch, J; Kalucka, J; Katschinski, DM; Klanke, B; Mayer, M; Palsson, R; Schatz, V; Schley, G; Thorsteinsdottir, M; Weidemann, A; Willam, C, 2019)
" Administration of poricoic acid A (PAA) and Poria cocos (PC) ameliorated microbial dysbiosis as well as attenuated hypertension and renal fibrosis."	3.91	Microbiome-metabolomics reveals gut microbiota associated with glycine-conjugated metabolites and polyamine metabolism in chronic kidney disease. ( Cao, G; Chen, DQ; Chen, L; Feng, YL; Guo, Y; Vaziri, ND; Wang, M; Zhang, J; Zhao, YY, 2019)
"Our findings suggest that skeletal muscular glycine contributes to the antidepressant effects of ketamine in inflammation."	3.91	Contribution of skeletal muscular glycine to rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine in an inflammation-induced mouse model of depression. ( Hua, D; Hua, F; Huang, N; Jiang, R; Li, S; Luo, A; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Yang, C; Yang, L; Yu, F; Zhan, G; Zhu, B, 2019)
" The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that hydroxyproline (Hyp), an amino acid with an antioxidative property, attenuates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice."	3.88	Hydroxyproline Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice: Involvment of the NF-κB Signaling and Oxidative Stress. ( Dai, Z; Ji, Y; Ma, X; Sun, S; Tso, P; Wu, G; Wu, Z; Yang, Y, 2018)
" To determine the role of non-ionotropic activity of NMDARs in clinical relevant conditions, we tested the effect of glycine, a co-agonist of NMDARs, in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), an animal model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after the animals were injected with the NMDAR channel blocker MK-801 and the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine."	3.85	A non-ionotropic activity of NMDA receptors contributes to glycine-induced neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. ( Chen, J; Feng, H; Hu, R; Jin, P; Lei, R; Liao, H; Wan, Q; Wan, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhuang, Y, 2017)
" Therefore, we investigated whether glycine, sodium pyruvate, and resveratrol can either support or potentially harm regeneration when applied therapeutically after reperfusion injury."	3.85	Effect of Glycine, Pyruvate, and Resveratrol on the Regeneration Process of Postischemic Intestinal Mucosa. ( Brencher, L; Hamburger, T; Kirsch, M; Petrat, F; Stych, K, 2017)
" Because the involvement of local inhibition in the dorsal horn, specifically that mediated by the inhibitory amino acids GABA and glycine, is so important in signal processing, we investigated regional inhibitory control of excitatory interneurons under control conditions and peripheral inflammation-induced mechanical allodynia."	3.85	Inhibition Mediated by Glycinergic and GABAergic Receptors on Excitatory Neurons in Mouse Superficial Dorsal Horn Is Location-Specific but Modified by Inflammation. ( Choudhury, P; Conway, CM; Flood, PD; MacDermott, AB; Mukai, J; Scherrer, G; Takazawa, T; Tong, CK, 2017)
"48 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 3 groups: normal control group, severe burns injury group and severe burns treated with sivelestat sodium hydrate group (SSI)."	3.83	Sivelestat sodium hydrate attenuates acute lung injury by decreasing systemic inflammation in a rat model of severe burns. ( Huang, P; Li, QG; Xiao, XG; Zu, HG, 2016)
"The present study examined whether a single or multiple episode(s) of status epilepticus induced with kainic acid (KA) during the first 3 weeks of postnatal (P) development would aberrantly stimulate proliferation zones that alters migration to potentially injured areas and whether they would be blocked by selective Group I mGluR antagonists."	3.83	Selective inhibition of metabotropic glutamate type 1 alpha receptor (mGluR1α) reduces cell proliferation and migration following status epilepticus in early development. ( Corcia, M; Friedman, LK; Hong, H; Hu, S; Kantrowitz, M; Khalil, Y; Qazi, L; Sharma, A; Simsovits, D; Webster, T, 2016)
"Since the hypofunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is known to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, the enhancement of NMDA receptor function through glycine modulatory sites is expected to be a useful approach for the treatment of schizophrenia."	3.81	Efficacy of a glycine transporter 1 inhibitor TASP0315003 in animal models of cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. ( Abe, K; Aoki, T; Chaki, S; Iijima, M; Kaku, A; Kambe, D; Karasawa, J; Kawakita, Y; Okubo, T; Okuyama, S; Sekiguchi, Y; Shibata, T; Shimazaki, T; Yamamoto, S, 2015)
"Glycine protects skeletal muscle from cancer-induced wasting and loss of function, reduces the oxidative and inflammatory burden, and reduces the expression of genes associated with muscle protein breakdown in cancer cachexia."	3.80	Glycine administration attenuates skeletal muscle wasting in a mouse model of cancer cachexia. ( Chee, A; Ham, DJ; Koopman, R; Lynch, GS; Murphy, KT, 2014)
"Sivelestat sodium hydrate (sivelestat) is a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor that is effective in treating acute lung injury associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome."	3.80	Sivelestat sodium hydrate inhibits neutrophil migration to the vessel wall and suppresses hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. ( Fujimura, T; Fushida, S; Hayashi, H; Kitagawa, H; Makino, I; Miyashita, T; Munesue, S; Nakagawara, H; Nakanuma, S; Ohta, T; Saito, H; Sakai, S; Tajima, H; Yamamoto, Y, 2014)
" The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of brain preconditioning induced by sarcosine, a GlyT-1 inhibitor, against global cerebral ischemia and its relation to NMDAR."	3.80	Sarcosine preconditioning induces ischemic tolerance against global cerebral ischemia. ( da Costa, FL; de Paiva, MJ; Gomez, MV; Gomez, RS; Pinto, MC; Resende, RR; Romano-Silva, MA; Rosa, DV; Simão, F, 2014)
"The aim of the work was investigation of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity together with leukocytes functional stability indexes in rats with the experimental contact dermatitis (ECD) in conditions of complex pharmacological correction using deltaran and melatonin."	3.80	[Effect of deltaran and melatonin on immune system in rats with experimental contact dermatitis]. ( Shandra, OO, 2014)
" As brain tumors are enriched in the neurotransmitter glycine, we studied the expression and function of glycine receptors (GlyRs) in glioma cells."	3.80	Intracellular glycine receptor function facilitates glioma formation in vivo. ( Benedetti, B; Dzaye, O; Fähling, M; Förstera, B; Glass, R; Junier, MP; Kettenmann, H; Markovic, DS; Meier, JC; Semtner, M; Synowitz, M; Wend, P; Winkelmann, A, 2014)
"Glycine is well known to protect the intestine against ischemia-reperfusion injury and during mechanical manipulation."	3.80	Glycine selectively reduces intestinal injury during endotoxemia. ( de Groot, H; Effenberger-Neidnicht, K; Jägers, J; Verhaegh, R, 2014)
"Hepatic encephalopathy was induced in mice via injection of azoxymethane (AOM) in the presence or absence of INCB 3284 dimesylate (INCB), a chemokine receptor 2 inhibitor, or C 021 dihydrochloride (C021), a chemokine receptor 4 inhibitor."	3.80	Neuronal CCL2 is upregulated during hepatic encephalopathy and contributes to microglia activation and neurological decline. ( Alpini, G; DeMorrow, S; Frampton, G; Galindo, C; McMillin, M; Standeford, H; Thompson, M; Whittington, E, 2014)
"Latrunculin A microperfusion of the hippocampus induces acute epileptic seizures and long-term biochemical changes leading to spontaneous seizures."	3.80	Effects of eslicarbazepine acetate on acute and chronic latrunculin A-induced seizures and extracellular amino acid levels in the mouse hippocampus. ( Loureiro, AI; Sierra-Marcuño, G; Sierra-Paredes, G; Soares-da-Silva, P; Wright, LC, 2014)
" Intracisternal strychnine in rats has been shown to result in localized trigeminal dynamic allodynia, thus representing a possible model of trigeminal neuralgia."	3.79	Evaluation of a novel mouse model of intracisternal strychnine-induced trigeminal allodynia. ( Lee, IO; MacLeod, BA; Puil, E; Ries, CR; Schwarz, SK; Whitehead, RA, 2013)
"The obtained data suggest that stimulation of the glutamate or glycine recognition site of the NMDA receptor complex significantly decreases the antianxiety properties of antagonists of either site."	3.79	NMDA receptor activation antagonizes the NMDA antagonist-induced antianxiety effect in the elevated plus-maze test in mice. ( Dudka, J; Oniszczuk, T; Poleszak, E; Serefko, A; Szopa, A; Wlaź, P; Wośko, S; Wróbel, A, 2013)
" The wider significance of such conversions is discussed with similar metabolism of tryptophan and subsequent glycine conjugation potentially explaining the origin of trans-indolylacryloylglycine, a postulated marker for autism."	3.78	Metabolic differences underlying two distinct rat urinary phenotypes, a suggested role for gut microbial metabolism of phenylalanine and a possible connection to autism. ( Clayton, TA, 2012)
"The pharmacologic characteristics of glycine receptors (GlyRs) in the lateral superior olive (LSO) of circling mice, animal model for inherited deafness, were investigated using a GlyR α1 subunit-specific receptor blocker (cyanotriphenylborate [CTB])."	3.77	Glycine-induced currents are insensitive to the glycine receptor α1 subunit-specific blocker, cyanotriphenylborate, in older circling mice. ( Ahn, SC; Pradhan, J, 2011)
"Glycine inhibitory dysfunction provides a useful experimental model for studying the mechanism of dynamic mechanical allodynia, a widespread and intractable symptom of neuropathic pain."	3.77	Glycine inhibitory dysfunction turns touch into pain through astrocyte-derived D-serine. ( Dallel, R; Miraucourt, LS; Peirs, C; Voisin, DL, 2011)
"Glycine administration resulted in a noticeable improvement of pathomorphological alterations in AP, such as a reduction of necrosis, inflammatory infiltrates and cytoplasmic vacuoles in cerulein pancreatitis."	3.77	Prophylactic glycine administration attenuates pancreatic damage and inflammation in experimental acute pancreatitis. ( Aghdassi, AA; Bergmann, F; Büchler, MW; Ceyhan, GO; Demir, IE; Friess, H; Günther, A; Kern, M; Lerch, MM; Mayerle, J; Schemmer, P; Timm, AK, 2011)
" The results indicate that pretreatment with Parawixin 10 prevents the onset of seizures induced with kainic acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and pentylenetetrazole in a dose-response manner."	3.77	Neurobiological activity of Parawixin 10, a novel anticonvulsant compound isolated from Parawixia bistriata spider venom (Araneidae: Araneae). ( Beleboni, RO; Coutinho-Netto, J; Cunha, AO; dos Santos, WF; Fachim, HA; Gobbo-Neto, L; Lopes, NP; Pereira, AC, 2011)
"Genetic and dietary hyperhomocysteinemia has been found to decrease high density lipoproteins (HDL) and their apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1)."	3.76	Cysteinemia, rather than homocysteinemia, is associated with plasma apolipoprotein A-I levels in hyperhomocysteinemia: lipid metabolism in cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. ( Arnal, C; Barranquero, C; Bregante, MA; García-Gimeno, MA; Gascón, S; Godino, J; Guillén, N; Guzmán, MA; Hernandez, E; Lou-Bonafonte, JM; Navarro, MA; Nuño-Ayala, M; Osada, J; Royo-Cañas, M; Sarría, AJ, 2010)
" Glycine or muscimol reduced bicuculline-induced allodynia regardless of the administration site, whereas intrathecal taurine reduced bicuculline-induced allodynia."	3.76	Intracisternal or intrathecal glycine, taurine, or muscimol inhibit bicuculline-induced allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in mice. ( Lee, IO; Lim, ES, 2010)
"The inhibitory transmitters GABA and glycine play an important role in modulating pain transmission, both in normal and in pathological situations."	3.76	Differential distribution of activated spinal neurons containing glycine and/or GABA and expressing c-fos in acute and chronic pain models. ( Duraku, LS; Holstege, JC; Hossaini, M; Jongen, JLM; Saraç, Ç, 2010)
" The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a specific loss of glycinergic neurons is necessary to develop hyperalgesia and allodynia in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain."	3.75	Loss of spinal glycinergic neurons is not necessary for development of neuropathic pain in transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein in glycinergic neurons. ( Bauer, I; Braun, S; Hermanns, H; Lipfert, P; Muth-Selbach, U; Werdehausen, R, 2009)
"Behavioral phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia were assessed in Grin1(D481N) mice that have reduced NMDAR glycine affinity."	3.74	Mice with reduced NMDA receptor glycine affinity model some of the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. ( Labrie, V; Lipina, T; Roder, JC, 2008)
" The present study was designed to examine whether inhibition of NE activity by sivelestat, a specific NE inhibitor with low cellular permeability, is beneficial for acute lung injury induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae in hamsters."	3.74	Inhibition of neutrophil elastase reduces lung injury and bacterial count in hamsters. ( Hagio, T; Hasegawa, N; Hashimoto, S; Ishizaka, A; Kawabata, K; Kishikawa, K; Tasaka, S, 2008)
"The role of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) in myocardial infarction (MI) has not been previously studied."	3.74	Hydrogen sulfide and its possible roles in myocardial ischemia in experimental rats. ( Ho, P; Huang, SH; Loke, YY; Lu, J; Moore, PK; Tan, CS; Wang, ZJ; Whiteman, M; Zhu, YC; Zhu, YZ, 2007)
"In this study, the effect of (S)-3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine (DCPG), a selective mGlu8 receptor agonist, has been investigated in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models in order to elucidate the role of mGlu8 receptor in modulating pain perception."	3.74	Effects of (S)-3,4-DCPG, an mGlu8 receptor agonist, on inflammatory and neuropathic pain in mice. ( de Novellis, V; Maione, S; Marabese, I; Palazzo, E; Rossi, F; Scafuro, MA; Vita, D, 2007)
" This efficient route enabled to scale up the synthesis of an orally bioavailable glycine antagonist showing outstanding in vivo anti-hyperalgesic activity in different animal models of sustained inflammation and chronic neuropathic pain."	3.74	Chiral tetrahydroquinoline derivatives as potent anti-hyperalgesic agents in animal models of sustained inflammation and chronic neuropathic pain. ( Alvaro, G; Barnaby, RJ; Bertani, B; Corsi, M; Di Fabio, R; Donati, D; Gentile, G; Giacobbe, S; Pentassuglia, G; Pizzi, DM; Quartaroli, M; Ratti, E; Spada, S; Vitulli, G, 2007)
" In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective potency of the selective mGluR5 agonist, (R,S)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG), in endothelin-1(ET-1)-induced focal ischemia in rats."	3.74	No improvement of functional and histological outcome after application of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 agonist CHPG in a model of endothelin-1-induced focal ischemia in rats. ( Henrich-Noack, P; Reymann, KG; Riek-Burchardt, M, 2007)
"We sought to investigate the anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effect of a selective metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 (mGluR8) agonist (S)-3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycines (S-3,4-DCPG) on pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (PISE) and subsequent loss of hilar neurons in the dentate gyrus after systemic (intravenous) or local (intracerebroventricular) administration."	3.74	Anticonvulsive effect of a selective mGluR8 agonist (S)-3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine (S-3,4-DCPG) in the mouse pilocarpine model of status epilepticus. ( Chia, SC; Jay, TM; Jiang, FL; Tang, FR; Tang, YC, 2007)
"We investigated effect of glycine on anxiety at different doses using electrodermal activity and an elevated-plus maze."	3.74	Dose-related anxiogenic effect of glycine in the elevated plus maze and in electrodermal activity. ( Dolu, N, 2007)
"In the present study we examined the effect of NA-glycine in a rat model of inflammatory pain."	3.74	Actions of N-arachidonyl-glycine in a rat inflammatory pain model. ( Mitchell, VA; Succar, R; Vaughan, CW, 2007)
"The ventilatory response to hypoxia is influenced by the balance between inhibitory (GABA, glycine, and taurine) and excitatory (glutamate and aspartate) brainstem amino acid (AA) neurotransmitters."	3.74	Brainstem amino acid neurotransmitters and ventilatory response to hypoxia in piglets. ( Bancalari, E; Devia, CJ; Hehre, DA; Suguihara, C, 2008)
"1 nephritis, and the neutrophil elastase inhibitor sivelestat reduces the tissue injury of anti-Thy1."	3.74	Beneficial effect of neutrophil elastase inhibitor on anti-Thy1.1 nephritis in rats. ( Fujita, T; Kumasaka, R; Murakami, R; Nakamura, N; Okumura, K; Osawa, H; Shimada, M; Yamabe, H, 2008)
" Another goal was to analyze the possibility to prevent negative effects of emotional stress on brain ischemia using, along with deltaran, glycine and a delta-sleep inducing peptide."	3.74	[Delta-sleep inducing peptide and the drug deltaran: possible approaches to antistress protection]. ( Gannushkina, IV; Konorova, IL; Koplik, EV; Mikhaleva, II; Sudakov, KV; Terekhina, OL; Umriukhin, PE, 2007)
"The antithrombotic and bleeding properties of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran and of warfarin were investigated in an experimental venous thrombosis and bleeding model in anaesthetized rats."	3.73	The effects of ximelagatran and warfarin on the prophylaxis of a caval vein thrombosis and bleeding in the anaesthetized rat. ( Carlsson, S; Elg, M, 2005)
"We compared the antithrombotic properties of a factor Xa inhibitor (DX-9065a) with those of a thrombin inhibitor (melagatran) in a rat disseminated intravascular coagulation model and a rat venous thrombosis model."	3.73	Different antithrombotic properties of factor Xa inhibitor and thrombin inhibitor in rat thrombosis models. ( Furugohri, T; Honda, Y; Isobe, K; Matsumoto, C; Muramatsu, S; Shiozaki, Y; Sugiyama, N, 2005)
"Amacrine cells identified by GABA and glycine labeling were not significantly affected by experimental glaucoma, with a mean decrease of 15% compared with bilaterally untreated control cells (557 +/- 186 neurons/mm [glaucoma] versus 653."	3.73	The effect of experimental glaucoma and optic nerve transection on amacrine cells in the rat retina. ( Kielczewski, JL; Pease, ME; Quigley, HA, 2005)
"To investigate the effect of combination of glycine and methylprednisolone (MP) on Kupffer cells in liver of rats suffered from hemorrhagic shock."	3.73	[The effect of combination of glycine and methylprednisolone on Kupffer cells of liver after hemorrhagic shock in rats]. ( Guan, FL; Ren, GC; Wang, G; Wang, Y; Wang, YZ, 2006)
"The potential anticonvulsant effect of group III metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist (R,S)-4-phosphonophenylglycine ((R,S)-PPG) against seizures induced in immature 12-day-old rats by bilateral intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of DL-homocysteic acid (DL-HCA, 600 nmol/side) was examined in the present study."	3.72	Seizures induced by homocysteic acid in immature rats are prevented by group III metabotropic glutamate receptoragonist (R,S)-4-phosphonophenylglycine. ( Folbergrová, J; Haugvicová, R; Mares, P, 2003)
"The release of [(3)H]D-aspartate ([(3)H]D-ASP) or [(3)H]GABA evoked by glycine from spinal cord synaptosomes was compared in mice expressing mutant human SOD1 with a Gly(93) Ala substitution ([SOD1-G93A(+)]), a transgenic model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and in control mice."	3.72	Activation of a glycine transporter on spinal cord neurons causes enhanced glutamate release in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ( Bonanno, G; Paolucci, E; Prisco, S; Raiteri, L; Raiteri, M, 2003)
" Intrahippocampal mGluR group I agonist perfusion via a microdialysis probe [1 mm (R,S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine] induced seizures and concomitant augmentations in amino acid dialysate levels."	3.72	In vivo modulation of extracellular hippocampal glutamate and GABA levels and limbic seizures by group I and II metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands. ( Clinckers, R; Ebinger, G; Lindekens, H; Lodge, D; Meurs, A; Michotte, Y; O'Neill, MJ; Smolders, I, 2004)
"To investigate the effect of glycine on survival after hemorrhagic shock in the rats and elucidate the underlying mechanisms."	3.72	[The effect of glycine on survival after hemorrhagic shock in the rats]. ( Wang, EH; Wang, G, 2004)
"A specific direct thrombin inhibitor, inogatran, reduces neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury in rats."	3.72	Inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia by a specific thrombin inhibitor. ( Frebelius, S; Swedenborg, J; Wahlgren, CM, 2004)
"Glycine (GLY) is a neutral amino acid that has been shown to be cytoprotective in the kidneys of dogs and rabbits undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury."	3.71	Glycine preserves function and decreases necrosis in skeletal muscle undergoing ischemia and reperfusion injury. ( Ascher, E; Cheng, W; Hanson, JN; Hingorani, A; Scheinman, M, 2001)
" The effects of LB-30057 on thrombus formation and hemostasis were evaluated in a veno-venous shunt model of thrombosis in rabbits, and compared with inogatran, another direct inhibitor of thrombin."	3.71	Antithrombotic effect of LB-30057 (CI-1028), a new synthetic thrombin inhibitor, in a rabbit model of thrombosis: comparison with inogatran. ( Bousley, RF; Chi, L; Gallagher, KP; Janiczek, N; Juneau, PL; Mertz, TE; Peng, YW; Rogers, KL; Saganek, L; Uprichard, AC, 2001)
"The authors' previous laboratory results have shown that rats treated for 3 days with intravenous GLP-2alpha, a synthetic protease-resistant form of glucagonlike peptide-2, showed increased mucosal mass and absorptive function when compared with saline-treated controls after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)."	3.71	GLP-2alpha accelerates recovery of mucosal absorptive function after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. ( Alavi, K; Prasad, R; Schwartz, MZ, 2001)
"The aim of the present study was to determine whether S-4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine (S)-4C3HPG, a mixed group I glutamate metabotropic receptor antagonist and a group II agonist, attenuated parkinsonian-like muscle rigidity in rats."	3.71	(S)-4C3HPG, a mixed group I mGlu receptor antagonist and a group II agonist, administered intrastriatally, counteracts parkinsonian-like muscle rigidity in rats. ( Lorenc-Koci, E; Pilc, A; Wardas, J; Wolfarth, S, 2001)
"In mice VGD afforded complete protection against maximal electroshock (MES)-, pentylenetetrazole-, picrotoxin-, and bicuculline-induced seizures and 6-Hz "psychomotor" seizures with median effective dose (ED50) values of 151, 132, 275, 248, and 237 mg/kg, respectively."	3.71	Anticonvulsant profile of valrocemide (TV1901): a new antiepileptic drug. ( Bialer, M; Isoherranen, N; White, HS; Woodhead, JH, 2001)
"Retinal ischemia increased vitreous concentrations of glutamate and glycine."	3.70	Memantine is neuroprotective in a rat model of pressure-induced retinal ischemia. ( Bach, M; Feuerstein, TJ; Knörle, R; Lagrèze, WA, 1998)
" We evaluated the ability of the functional antagonist at the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, (+)-(1-Hydroxy-3-aminopyrrolodine-2-one) ((+)-HA966), to modulate the antinociceptive action of systemic morphine in a rat model of neuropathic pain produced by chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve."	3.70	The antinociceptive effect of combined systemic administration of morphine and the glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist, (+)-HA966 in a rat model of peripheral neuropathy. ( Christensen, D; Guilbaud, G; Idänpään-Heikkilä, JJ; Kayser, V, 1998)
"The anticonvulsant activity of felbamate against sound-induced seizures was studied in the DBA/2 mouse model."	3.69	Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission through both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors is involved in the anticonvulsant activity of felbamate in DBA/2 mice. ( Aguglia, U; Bertorelli, R; De Sarro, A; De Sarro, G; Ongini, E, 1994)
"Post-prostatectomy syndrome (PPS) is characterized by hyponatremia after absorption of glycine irrigant."	3.69	Glycine-induced hyponatremia in the rat: a model of post-prostatectomy syndrome. ( Baer, JE; Kozlowski, SA; Rogers, SJ; Silver, SM; Sterns, RH, 1995)
"The involvement of phospholipases in ischemia-evoked release of aspartate, glutamate, glycine, and GABA from the cerebral cortex was studied in a four vessel occlusion rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion."	3.69	A possible role for phospholipases in the release of neurotransmitter amino acids from ischemic rat cerebral cortex. ( O'Regan, MH; Perkins, LM; Phillis, JW; Smith-Barbour, M, 1995)
"Inogatran (MW 439 Da), a new, selective, active site inhibitor of thrombin, was evaluated in three rat models of thrombosis."	3.69	Effects of inogatran, a new low-molecular-weight thrombin inhibitor, in rat models of venous and arterial thrombosis, thrombolysis and bleeding time. ( Börjesson, I; Elg, M; Gustafsson, D; Lenfors, S; Teger-Nilsson, AC, 1996)
"The effects of R-(+)-HA-966 ((+)-3-amino-1-hydroxypyrrolid-2-one), a low-efficacy partial agonist of the glycine modulatory site of the NMDA receptor complex, were studied in an inbred line of Syrian golden hamsters with generalized dystonia, a frequent movement disorder in humans."	3.68	The glycine/NMDA receptor ligand (+)-HA-966 but not D-cycloserine has potent antidystonic efficacy in a genetic animal model of dystonia. ( Löscher, W; Richter, A, 1993)
"To determine if pregnancy alters the impaired renal vasodilator responses in hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats, we measured glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow and calculated renal vascular resistance before, during, and after renal vasodilation with glycine (0."	3.68	Pregnancy restores the renal vasodilator response to glycine in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. ( Heesch, CM; Whitescarver, SA, 1993)
"The anticonvulsant effect of either phenobarbital or dilantin was potentiated by exogenous glycine in DBA/2 audiogenic seizure mice and in 3-mercaptopropionic acid-induced seizures."	3.67	Glycine potentiates the action of some anticonvulsant drugs in some seizure models. ( Lajtha, A; Toth, E, 1984)
"It was investigated whether an increased demand for glycine, as postulated to occur in patients who have suffered from episodic psychoses accompanied by multiple perceptual distortions, could evoke psychotic reactions."	3.66	Serine and glycine-induced catalepsy in porphyric rats: an animal model for psychosis? ( Bruinvels, J; Pepplinkhuizen, L; Schouten, MJ; Wilson, JH, 1983)
"Senegalese baboons (Papio papio), with a natural syndrome of photosensitive epilepsy, consistently show generalized myoclonic jerks if stimulated stroboscopically at hourly intervals, two to eight hours after the intravenous administration of allylglycine, 200 mg/kg."	3.65	A primate model for testing anticonvulsant drugs. ( Horton, RW; Meldrum, BS; Toseland, PA, 1975)
" The test statistics for these permutation tests are functions of p values from a standard test for dose-response trend applied to each specific type of tumor."	2.66	Accounting for Multiple Comparisons in Statistical Analysis of the Extensive Bioassay Data on Glyphosate. ( Crouch, E; Crump, C; Crump, K; Haseman, J; Zelterman, D, 2020)
"Tinnitus is a phantom auditory sensation experienced by up to 14% of the United States population with a smaller percentage experiencing decreased quality of life."	2.47	Inhibitory neurotransmission in animal models of tinnitus: maladaptive plasticity. ( Brozoski, TJ; Caspary, DM; Wang, H, 2011)
"Tinnitus is an auditory phantom sensation of ringing in the ears that is experienced when no external sound is present."	2.43	Tinnitus: neurobiological substrates. ( Eggermont, JJ, 2005)
"As hypertension is a disease in which free radicals and large vessel elasticity are involved, this article will examine the possible mechanisms by which glycine may protect against high blood pressure."	2.43	Is glycine effective against elevated blood pressure? ( Baños, G; El Hafidi, M; Pérez, I, 2006)
"Glycine has multiple neurotransmitter functions in the central nervous system (CNS)."	2.43	Lessons from the knocked-out glycine transporters. ( Armsen, W; Betz, H; Eulenburg, V; Gomeza, J, 2006)
"The PTX-induced thermal hyperalgesia peaked between day 2 and 4, but no cold allodynia is observed; i."	2.42	Implications of intrathecal pertussis toxin animal model on the cellular mechanisms of neuropathic pain syndrome. ( Chang, YC; Wen, ZH; Wong, CS, 2003)
"Retinal ischemia is a common condition that may lead into vision impairment and blindness."	1.56	Differential sensitivity of the On and Off visual responses to retinal ischemia. ( Bermudez, MA; Gonzalez, F, 2020)
" It was revealed that microwaving to 48˚C combined with HSP90 and TGF‑β1 inhibitors significantly increased the apoptotic rate of VX2 cells."	1.56	Mild microwave ablation combined with HSP90 and TGF‑β1 inhibitors enhances the therapeutic effect on osteosarcoma. ( Chen, L; Cheng, S; Li, B; Lin, Z; Wang, M; Wang, W; Yao, M; Yin, Q; Zhang, Y, 2020)
"Glycine has been shown to protect livers from CTx-induced injury and oxidative stress, and it reduces platelet aggregation and improves microperfusion."	1.56	Dietary Glycine Prevents FOLFOX Chemotherapy-Induced Heart Injury: A Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis Treatment Model in Rats. ( Bausys, A; Feldbacher, N; Hoefler, G; Kolb-Lenz, D; Leber, B; Maneikyte, J; Schemmer, P; Stiegler, P; Strupas, K, 2020)
"Cows' milk allergy (CMA) is a hypersensitivity immune reaction brought on by specific immunologic mechanisms to cow's milk proteins."	1.56	DL-propargylglycine administration inhibits TET2 and FOXP3 expression and alleviates symptoms of neonatal Cows' milk allergy in mouse model. ( Dong, Z; Feng, D; Gao, L; Sun, B; Wang, G; Yu, X, 2020)
"Familial hemiplegic migraine is an episodic neurological disorder characterized by transient sensory and motor symptoms and signs."	1.56	Astrocyte deletion of α2-Na/K ATPase triggers episodic motor paralysis in mice via a metabolic pathway. ( Bice, AR; Bonni, A; Brier, LM; Bumstead, JR; Chen, X; Crowley, JR; Culver, JP; Dikranian, K; Haigis, MC; Ippolito, JE; Oldenborg, A; Papouin, T; Rensing, NR; Ringel, AE; Shin, H; Smith, SE; Wong, M; Zhao, G, 2020)
"Glycine treatment attenuated fibrotic deposition in the diaphragm by 28% (P < 0."	1.51	Glycine administration attenuates progression of dystrophic pathology in prednisolone-treated dystrophin/utrophin null mice. ( Alves, FM; Caldow, MK; Chee, A; Gardner, A; Ham, DJ; Kennedy, TL; Koopman, R; Lynch, GS; Naim, T; Trieu, J, 2019)
"Glycine was added to the flush solution, the perfusate, and the perfusion circuit."	1.51	Improvement of Normothermic Ex Vivo Machine Perfusion of Rat Liver Grafts by Dialysis and Kupffer Cell Inhibition With Glycine. ( Arsenic, R; Claussen, F; Gassner, JMGV; Horner, R; Moosburner, S; Nösser, M; Pratschke, J; Raschzok, N; Sauer, IM; Tang, P; Wegener, L; Wyrwal, D, 2019)
" Further, when the human condition was simulated in animals, there was deprivation in body weight and glucose levels in starved litchi seed dosed rats, causing hypoglycemia."	1.51	Methylenecyclopropyl glycine, not pesticide exposure as the primary etiological factor underlying hypoglycemic encephalopathy in Muzaffarpur, India. ( Asthana, S; Das, M; Dixit, S; Kumar, A; Singh, SP; Srivastava, A; Tripathi, A, 2019)
"Cholestasis is the stoppage of bile flow which could lead to serious clinical complications if not managed."	1.48	Mitochondria protection as a mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective effects of glycine in cholestatic mice. ( Abdoli, N; Aghaei, F; Ahmadi, A; Azarpira, N; Esfandiari, A; Ghanbarinejad, V; Heidari, R; Mohammadi, H; Niknahad, H; Ommati, MM, 2018)
"Bladder pain is a prominent symptom of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome."	1.48	Endogenous H ( Bo, Q; Cui, J; Du, J; Shi, B; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Yu, X; Zhao, H; Zhu, K; Zhu, Y, 2018)
"Glycine has been shown to protect against ischemic stroke through various mechanisms."	1.48	Glycine confers neuroprotection through PTEN/AKT signal pathway in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. ( Chen, J; Chen, Y; Feng, YG; Lei, Y; Liao, HB; Liu, R; Pan, MX; Qin, XP; Tang, JC; Wan, Q; Wang, S; Zhang, Y; Zhang, ZF; Zhao, D; Zhuang, Y, 2018)
"Roflumilast treatment (1nM delivered 6h post-injury) significantly increased total AMPA glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) subunit expression, phosphorylation of the GluR1 subunit at the serine-831 site, and phosphorylation of stargazin at the serine-239/240 site upon LTP induction, measured 24h following injury."	1.46	Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition restored hippocampal long term potentiation after primary blast. ( Bass, CR; Meaney, DF; Morales, FN; Morrison, B; Vogel, EW, 2017)
"Neuropathic pain is an integral component of several chronic pain conditions and poses a major health problem worldwide."	1.46	Therapeutic potential for leukocyte elastase in chronic pain states harboring a neuropathic component. ( Bali, KK; Kuner, R, 2017)
"The severity of the lung injury was assessed on the basis of vascular permeability, histopathologic evaluation, and lung mechanics."	1.46	Evaluation of Lecithinized Superoxide Dismutase for the Prevention of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Animal Models. ( Imai, Y; Kawahara, M; Kuba, K; Mizushima, T; Sugizaki, T; Tamura, F; Tanaka, KI, 2017)
"Ixazomib is an orally bioavailable proteasome inhibitor with a rapid proteasome dissociation rate."	1.46	Ixazomib suppresses human dendritic cell and modulates murine graft-versus-host disease in a schedule-dependent fashion. ( Abdel-Mageed, S; Al-Homsi, AS; Cole, K; Feng, Y; Goodyke, A; McLane, M; Muilenburg, M, 2017)
"Glycine has an estrogen-like osteoprotective effect in menopause models."	1.43	Estrogen-like osteoprotective effects of glycine in in vitro and in vivo models of menopause. ( Jeong, HJ; Kim, HM; Kim, MH, 2016)
"Obesity was found to be associated with decreased vessel H2S concentration, inward hypertrophic remodeling, altered collagen-to-elastin ratio, and reduced vessel stiffness."	1.43	Hydrogen sulfide depletion contributes to microvascular remodeling in obesity. ( Candela, J; Velmurugan, GV; White, C, 2016)
"Glycine is a strychnine-sensitive inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), especially in the spinal cord, brainstem, and retina."	1.43	GlyT1 Inhibitor NFPS Exerts Neuroprotection via GlyR Alpha1 Subunit in the Rat Model of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischaemia and Reperfusion. ( Chen, G; Chen, Z; Huang, B; Li, L; Li, S; Lu, X; Qian, T; Wang, T; Xie, Q; Xu, X; Yu, W; Zhu, R, 2016)
"Medial vascular calcification is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD)."	1.43	Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 plays a role in phosphate-induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. ( Agharazii, M; Cornfield, DN; Gobeil, S; Lamalice, L; Larivière, R; Mokas, S; Richard, DE, 2016)
"Mechanical hyperalgesia induced by (R,S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG), an mGlu1/5 agonist, in the masseter muscle was attenuated by AMG9810, a specific TRPV1 antagonist."	1.42	Peripheral group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activation leads to muscle mechanical hyperalgesia through TRPV1 phosphorylation in the rat. ( Chung, MK; Joseph, J; Lee, J; Ro, JY; Saloman, J, 2015)
"In two chemically induced seizure models, mice with reduced Homerb/c protein had less severe seizures than control mice."	1.42	Down-regulation of Homer1b/c protects against chemically induced seizures through inhibition of mTOR signaling. ( Cao, L; Di, ZL; Jiang, Y; Lei, H; Tian, Y; Zhang, GJ, 2015)
"Serious mental illness occurs in 25% of the general population, with many disorders being neurodevelopmental, lifelong, and debilitating."	1.42	GlyT-1 Inhibition Attenuates Attentional But Not Learning or Motivational Deficits of the Sp4 Hypomorphic Mouse Model Relevant to Psychiatric Disorders. ( Geyer, MA; Higa, KK; Kamenski, ME; Light, GA; Young, JW; Zhou, X, 2015)
"Limonin has a potential protective function revealed by the metabolic profiling of limonin-treated rats located closer to the normal group."	1.42	Metabolomics strategy reveals therapeutical assessment of limonin on nonbacterial prostatitis. ( An, N; Meng, X; Sun, H; Wang, H; Wang, X; Yan, G; Zhang, A; Zhang, Y, 2015)
"Hypoglycemia is a common adverse event and can injure central nervous system (CNS) white matter (WM)."	1.40	Novel hypoglycemic injury mechanism: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated white matter damage. ( Brown, AM; Chen, S; Evans, RD; Hamner, MA; Ransom, BR; Yang, X; Ye, ZC, 2014)
"Acute colitis was induced in BALB/c mice by administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days."	1.40	Neutrophil elastase inhibitor suppresses IL-17 based inflammation of murine experimental colitis. ( Katakura, K; Ohira, H; Shioya, Y, 2014)
"Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial and progressive disease commonly correlated with a high fat diet."	1.40	Serum metabonomic analysis of apoE(-/-) mice reveals progression axes for atherosclerosis based on NMR spectroscopy. ( Guo, J; Li, J; Li, X; Liu, Y; Wang, L; Wu, T; Yang, Y; Yuan, F; Zhang, Q; Zheng, L, 2014)
"Glycine is an important ammoniagenic amino acid, which is increased in acute liver failure (ALF)."	1.40	L-Ornithine phenylacetate reduces ammonia in pigs with acute liver failure through phenylacetylglycine formation: a novel ammonia-lowering pathway. ( Fuskevåg, OM; Jalan, R; Kristiansen, RG; Mæhre, H; Revhaug, A; Rose, CF; Ytrebø, LM, 2014)
"The exact etiology of preeclampsia is unknown, but there is growing evidence of an imbalance in angiogenic growth factors and abnormal placentation."	1.39	Dysregulation of hydrogen sulfide producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase contributes to maternal hypertension and placental abnormalities in preeclampsia. ( Ahmad, S; Ahmed, A; Baily, J; Buhimschi, CS; Buhimschi, IA; Cai, M; Crispi, F; Cudmore, M; Fujisawa, T; Gratacós, E; Hadoke, PW; Miller, MR; Rennie, J; Wang, K; Wang, R, 2013)
"Sivelestat is a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, which has been developed in Japan in 1991."	1.39	Protective effects of sivelestat in a caerulein-induced rat acute pancreatitis model. ( Cao, J; Liu, Q, 2013)
"However, its role in lung injury of burn-blast combined injury is unclear."	1.39	Role of neutrophil elastase in lung injury induced by burn-blast combined injury in rats. ( Cai, JH; Chai, JK; Chi, YF; Deng, HP; Feng, R; Hu, QG; Liu, W; Ma, L; Shen, CA; Yin, HN; Zhang, XB; Zou, XF, 2013)
"Glycine has been shown to participate in protection from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury."	1.39	Effects of glycine supplementation on myocardial damage and cardiac function after severe burn. ( Liang, GP; Lv, SJ; Peng, X; Wan, QX; Wang, L; Yan, H; Zhang, Y, 2013)
"The mechanisms involved in alcohol use disorders are complex."	1.38	Ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonism suppresses both operant alcohol self-administration and high alcohol consumption in rats. ( Bartlett, SE; Engel, JA; Hyytiä, P; Jerlhag, E; Landgren, S; Simms, JA, 2012)
"Hyperglycinemia was induced in healthy vervet monkeys when treated with a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg valproate."	1.38	Paracetamol prevents hyperglycinemia in vervet monkeys treated with valproate. ( Bergh, JJ; Kotze, HF; Mienie, LJ; Terre'Blanche, G; Viljoen, J, 2012)
"Glycine is a cytoprotector to protect cells against ischemic damage by counteracting neuronal depolarization."	1.38	Glycine attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in mice. ( Bai, H; Ben, J; Chen, Q; Li, K; Li, X; Lu, Y; Ma, B; Yang, Q; Zhang, J; Zhu, X, 2012)
"The incidence of acute pancreatitis has been rising worldwide in the past few decades."	1.38	Potential of sivelestat in protection against severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury in rats. ( Chen, L; Tang, AM; Wang, HH; Zhou, MT, 2012)
"We show that disease progression in the TgP347L rabbit closely tracks human cone-sparing RP, including the cone-associated preservation of bipolar cell signaling and triggering of reprogramming."	1.37	Retinal remodeling in the Tg P347L rabbit, a large-eye model of retinal degeneration. ( Anderson, J; Jones, BW; Kondo, M; Lin, Y; Marc, RE; Rapp, K; Shaw, MV; Terasaki, H; Watt, CB; Yang, JH, 2011)
"Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common form of primary hepatic carcinoma."	1.37	Synthesis and application of 188Re-MN-16ET/Lipiodol in a hepatocellular carcinoma animal model. ( Chan, SH; Chang, Y; Kung, HC; Lin, WJ; Lin, WY; Liu, SW; Luo, TY; Peng, CL; Tang, IC, 2011)
"A central question in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research is what role β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) plays in synaptic dysfunction."	1.37	Impaired β-amyloid secretion in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. ( Capetillo-Zarate, E; Gouras, GK; Lin, MT; Rahman, N; Tampellini, D, 2011)
"Obesity is widely recognized as cause of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease."	1.36	Glycine regulates inflammatory markers modifying the energetic balance through PPAR and UCP-2. ( Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ; Almanza-Perez, JC; Blancas-Flores, G; Campos-Sepulveda, AE; Cruz, M; Garcia-Macedo, R; Roman-Ramos, R, 2010)
"Schizophrenia is a life-long, severe, and disabling brain disorder that requires chronic pharmacotherapy."	1.36	The novel neurotensin analog NT69L blocks phencyclidine (PCP)-induced increases in locomotor activity and PCP-induced increases in monoamine and amino acids levels in the medial prefrontal cortex. ( Boules, M; Li, Z; Peris, J; Richelson, E; Williams, K, 2010)
"Treatment with sivelestat significantly improved the survival rate of the post-CLP septic animals (P = 0."	1.36	Neutrophil elastase inhibitor improves survival of rats with clinically relevant sepsis. ( Fukunaga, K; Funakoshi, Y; Hagiwara, T; Hashimoto, S; Ishizaka, A; Kawasako, K; Kitagawa, Y; Maruyama, I; Miyasho, T; Okamoto, M; Saikawa, Y; Suda, K; Suganuma, K; Takeuchi, H; Wada, N; Yamada, S; Yokota, H, 2010)
"Hydrogen sulfide (H( 2)S) is a biological mediator produced by enzyme-regulated pathways from L-cysteine, which is a substrate for cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE)."	1.36	L-cysteine stimulates hydrogen sulfide synthesis in myocardium associated with attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion injury. ( Baxter, GF; Elsey, DJ; Fowkes, RC, 2010)
" The authors examined the efficacy of sivelestat in combination with a fluoroquinolone in a Legionella pneumophila pneumonia mouse model."	1.36	In vivo efficacy of sivelestat in combination with pazufloxacin against Legionella pneumonia. ( Araki, N; Izumikawa, K; Kakeya, H; Kamihira, S; Kohno, S; Morinaga, Y; Seki, M; Yamada, K; Yamada, Y; Yamamoto, Y; Yanagihara, K, 2010)
"Sivelestat treatment did not improve survival but increased PP and IE lymphocyte numbers significantly and reduced the LP CD8(+) cell percentage and plasma IL-6 concentration compared with controls."	1.36	Neutrophil elastase inhibitor restores gut ischemia reperfusion-induced impairment of gut immunity with reduced plasma interleukin-6 concentrations in mice. ( Fukatsu, K; Maeshima, Y; Omata, J; Saitoh, D; Tanabe, K; Yasuhara, H, 2010)
"In the present study seizure threshold doses of TZG were tested in the wild type and mutant mice."	1.35	Seizure responses and induction of Fos by the NMDA agonist (tetrazol-5-yl)glycine in a genetic model of NMDA receptor hypofunction. ( Duncan, GE; Farrington, JS; Inada, K; Koller, BH, 2008)
"Dynamic mechanical allodynia is a widespread and intractable symptom of neuropathic pain for which there is a lack of effective therapy."	1.35	Glycine inhibitory dysfunction induces a selectively dynamic, morphine-resistant, and neurokinin 1 receptor- independent mechanical allodynia. ( Dallel, R; Miraucourt, LS; Moisset, X; Voisin, DL, 2009)
"Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain stem and spinal cord, and it also plays a critical role as a modulator of NMDA receptors."	1.35	Effects of glycine on electrical and histological properties of a rat peripheral nerve injury model. ( Alfaro-Rodriguez, A; Baltazar-Rendon, B; Gonzalez-Maciel, A; Hernandez-Romero, A; Nuno-Licona, A; Padilla-Martin, K; Ramos, A; Uribe-Escamilla, R, 2009)
"Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles."	1.35	Early Tau pathology involving the septo-hippocampal pathway in a Tau transgenic model: relevance to Alzheimer's disease. ( Belarbi, K; Blum, D; Buée, L; Burnouf, S; Caillierez, R; Demeyer, D; Grosjean, ME; Hamdane, M; Schindowski, K; Sergeant, N, 2009)
"The NAGly induced anti-allodynia was dose dependent and, unlike HU-210, was unaffected by the cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptor antagonists, AM251 and SR144528 (30 nmol)."	1.35	Actions of N-arachidonyl-glycine in a rat neuropathic pain model. ( Mitchell, VA; Vaughan, CW; Vuong, LA, 2008)
"Diazepam (DIZ) was used as anticonvulsant."	1.35	A substance in broad beans (Vicia faba) is protective against experimentally induced convulsions in mice. ( Mustafa, AA; Salih, MA, 2008)
"Coma and convulsions develop in neonates in typical GE while psychomotor retardation and behavioral abnormalities in infancy and childhood are observed in mild GE."	1.35	Model mice for mild-form glycine encephalopathy: behavioral and biochemical characterizations and efficacy of antagonists for the glycine binding site of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor. ( Aoki, Y; Ichinohe, A; Kamada, F; Kanno, J; Kojima-ishii, K; Komatsuzaki, S; Kure, S; Matsubara, Y; Mizoi, K; Nakahara, D; Narisawa, A; Oda, M; Shinka, T; Sugawara, T; Yokoyama, H, 2008)
"Over 80% of chronic renal failure patients have elevated plasma Hcy and a 10-20 times higher incidence of vascular disease."	1.34	Dimethylthetin treatment causes diffuse alveolar lung damage: a pilot study in a sheep model of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD). ( Chambers, S; Fraser, R; George, P; Lever, M; McEntyre, C; Slow, S; Vasudevamurthy, M, 2007)
"Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder."	1.34	Behavioral effects of orally administered glycine in socially housed monkeys chronically treated with phencyclidine. ( Javitt, DC; Lifshitz, K; Linn, GS; O'Keeffe, RT; Schroeder, C, 2007)
"Using the rat Maximal Electroshock Seizure Threshold (MEST) test, (S)-3,4-DCPG (30 mg/kg, i."	1.34	Evaluation of the mGlu8 receptor as a putative therapeutic target in schizophrenia. ( Harris, AJ; Honey, A; Jones, DN; Jones, GA; Kelly, FM; Kew, JN; Maycox, PR; Melarange, RA; Murdock, PR; Robbins, MJ; Rocheville, M; Rourke, C; Rupniak, T; Soffin, EM; Starr, KR; Strum, J, 2007)
"APPDutch transgenic (tg) mice develop cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) that consists mainly of AbetaDutch40, with virtually no parenchymal amyloid plaques."	1.34	BACE1 and mutated presenilin-1 differently modulate Abeta40 and Abeta42 levels and cerebral amyloidosis in APPDutch transgenic mice. ( Herzig, MC; Jucker, M; Paganetti, P; Staufenbiel, M, 2007)
"Glycine pretreatment can improve the viability of the liver of the brain-death donor rat."	1.33	Protective effects of glycine pretreatment on brain-death donor liver. ( Chen, S; Shi, JH; Tang, Z; Wu, Y; Zhang, SJ, 2005)
"Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally occurring gaseous transmitter, which may play important roles in normal physiology and disease."	1.33	Inhibition of endogenous hydrogen sulfide formation reduces the organ injury caused by endotoxemia. ( Anuar, FB; Bhatia, M; Collin, M; Moore, PK; Murch, O; Thiemermann, C, 2005)
"A recent description of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) in Golden Retriever dogs provided details of the principal clinical, morphological and genetic features."	1.33	[Characterization of a canine model of dystrophic bullous epidermolysis (DBE). Development of a gene therapy protocol]. ( Gache, Y; Lacour, JP; Magnol, JP; Meneguzzi, G; Palazzi, X; Pin, D, 2005)
"Complexin II is reduced in Huntington's disease (HD) patients and in the R6/2 mouse model of HD."	1.33	A similar impairment in CA3 mossy fibre LTP in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease and in the complexin II knockout mouse. ( Brose, N; Gibson, HE; Jones, S; Morton, AJ; Reim, K, 2005)
"Acute colitis was induced in mice by administration of 1."	1.33	Inhibition of neutrophil elastase prevents the development of murine dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. ( Chinen, H; Hibi, T; Hisamatsu, T; Inoue, N; Iwao, Y; Kamada, N; Matsuoka, K; Morohoshi, Y; Ogata, H; Okamoto, S; Sato, T; Takaishi, H, 2006)
" Unlike morphine, CHF3381 chronic administration was not accompanied by the development of tolerance in the formalin test."	1.32	Antinociceptive activity of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist N-(2-Indanyl)-glycinamide hydrochloride (CHF3381) in experimental models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. ( Barbieri, M; Bassani, F; Bergamaschi, M; Bolzoni, PT; Chamiot-Clerc, P; Maiorino, M; Pietra, C; Rondelli, I; Simonato, M; Villetti, G, 2003)
"We introduced intracerebral hemorrhage in each of eight anesthetized New Zealand rabbits by injecting 0."	1.32	Extracellular glutamate and other amino acids in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: an in vivo microdialysis study. ( Ali, Z; Baker, G; Guterman, LR; Hopkins, LN; Qureshi, AI; Shuaib, A; Suri, MF; Todd, K, 2003)
"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a multifactorial disease characterized by diffuse motor neuron degeneration, has proven to be a difficult target for stem cell therapy."	1.32	Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood cells in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: distribution, migration, and differentiation. ( Chen, N; Davis, CD; Garbuzova-Davis, S; Hudson, JE; Justen, EB; Lane, JC; Sanberg, PR; Saporta, S; Willing, AE; Zigova, T, 2003)
"In a rat venous thrombosis model, animals were openly randomized to receive subcutaneously (s."	1.32	Three vehicle formulations for melagatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, evaluated in a vena cava thrombosis model in the rat. ( Börjesson, I; Carlsson, S; Elg, M, 2003)
"During cerebral ischemia, the opening of neuronal ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP) channels) affords intrinsic protection by regulating membrane potential."	1.32	Targeting ischemic stroke with a novel opener of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the brain. ( Feng, HS; Hu, G; Tang, XC; Wang, H; Zhang, YL, 2004)
"Betaine was then intravenously administered at the same time as the methionine loading."	1.32	Effects of intravenous betaine on methionine-loading-induced plasma homocysteine elevation in rats. ( Nakata, R; Okawa, N; Shigematsu, N; Yagisawa, M, 2004)
"377 +/- 78; P < 0."	1.32	N-2-mercaptopropionylglycine, a scavanger of reactive oxygen species, does not modify the early antiarrhythmic effect of ischaemic preconditioning in anaesthetised dogs. ( Agnes, H; Nagy, L; Papp, J; Parratt, JR; Végh, A, 2004)
"Dexrazoxane is a cardioprotective antioxidant that is clinically used to reduce the cardiotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin."	1.31	Dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) protects cardiac myocytes against hypoxia-reoxygenation damage. ( Hasinoff, BB, 2002)
" Furthermore, studying brain adaptations to chronic administration of glycine site agonists may provide insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of these drugs."	1.31	Chronic high-dose glycine nutrition: effects on rat brain cell morphology. ( Heresco-Levy, U; Javitt, DC; Shoham, S, 2001)
"In mice with cardiac hypertrophy, KB-R7785 inhibited the shedding of HB-EGF and attenuated hypertrophic changes."	1.31	Cardiac hypertrophy is inhibited by antagonism of ADAM12 processing of HB-EGF: metalloproteinase inhibitors as a new therapy. ( Asakura, M; Asanuma, H; Beppu, S; Higashiyama, S; Hori, M; Ishiguro, H; Ishikura, F; Kitakaze, M; Liao, Y; Matsumura, Y; Node, K; Ohmoto, H; Sanada, S; Tada, M; Takashima, S; Takeda, H; Yoshinaka, T; Yoshino, K, 2002)
"Pretreatment with glycine significantly protected animals against stress-, indomethacin- and necrotizing agents induced gastric lesions."	1.30	Studies on the antisecretory, gastric anti-ulcer and cytoprotective properties of glycine. ( Al Moutaery, AR; Tariq, M, 1997)
"For example, human influenza viruses do not replicate in duck intestine, the major replication site of avian viruses in ducks."	1.30	The role of influenza A virus hemagglutinin residues 226 and 228 in receptor specificity and host range restriction. ( Castrucci, MR; Ito, T; Kawaoka, Y; Matrosovich, M; Vines, A; Wells, K, 1998)
"Lung hemorrhage was seen in the animals with pancreatitis untreated with ONO-5046 24 hr following the first cerulein injection."	1.29	Neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-5046) prevents lung hemorrhage induced by lipopolysaccharide in rat model of cerulein pancreatitis. ( Guo, L; Ikei, S; Ogawa, M; Sugita, H; Yamaguchi, Y, 1995)
"Glycine infusion was even followed by reduction of the creatinine clearance."	1.29	Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration and renin activity during overhydration with 1.5% glycine solution in conscious sheep. ( Carlström, K; Hahn, R; Hjelmqvist, H; Rundgren, M; Stalberg, H; Ullman, J, 1994)
"Inogatran-treated pigs showed a dose-dependent antithrombotic effect, and the average patency rates were 34 +/- 39, 54 +/- 37 and 80 +/- 32%, in groups 6, 7 and 8, respectively."	1.29	Antithrombotic activity of inogatran, a new low-molecular-weight inhibitor of thrombin, in a closed-chest porcine model of coronary artery thrombosis. ( Grip, L; Mattsson, C; Rydén, L; Sjöquist, PO; Uriuda, Y; Wang, QD, 1996)
"Both control and traumatized rats were starved for 2 d."	1.29	Ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) supplementation is more effective than its component salts in traumatized rats. ( Holaday, NJ; Jeevanandam, M; Petersen, SR, 1996)
"The glycine/valine ratio was significantly increased (P < 0."	1.28	Amniotic fluid and plasma glycine/valine ratios in substrate deprived growth retarded fetal rats. ( Bernstein, IM; Rhodes, S; Stirewalt, WS, 1992)
"Glycine was found to have a toxic effect on the kidneys and liver and this effect was dose related."	1.28	Effect of glycine on retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal organs in the rat model. ( Kwak, YS; Maatman, TJ; Musselman, P; Resnick, MI, 1991)
"Biotin deficiency was induced by a 30% egg white diet."	1.27	Abnormal organic aciduria in biotin deficiency: the rat is similar to the human. ( Mock, DM; Mock, NI; Weintraub, S, 1988)
"In mice showing sound induced seizures, clobazam, 1--4 mg/kg, i."	1.26	Anticonvulsant action of a 1,5-benzodiazepine, clobazam, in reflex epilepsy. ( Chapman, AG; Horton, RW; Meldrum, BS, 1978)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	38 (6.97)	18.7374
1990's	44 (8.07)	18.2507
2000's	194 (35.60)	29.6817
2010's	230 (42.20)	24.3611
2020's	39 (7.16)	2.80

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Roxadustat in Patients With Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction[NCT04803864]	Phase 2	158 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-10	Recruiting
A Multicentre 3 Year Longitudinal Prospective Study to Identify Novel Endpoints and Compare These With Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) for Their Ability to Measure and Predict COPD Severity and Its Progression Over Time[NCT00292552]		2,747 participants (Actual)	Observational	2005-12-31	Completed
Hypertension in High School Students: Genetic and Environmental Factors[NCT06049641]		2,638 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-10-31	Completed
Longitudinal Assessment of Autonomic and Sensory Nervous System in ALS[NCT05747937]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-15	Recruiting
The Effects of Glycine on Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome-related Parameters: A Clinical and Ex-vivo Study.[NCT03850314]	Phase 2/Phase 3	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-03-31	Not yet recruiting
Controlled and Randomized Clinical Trial for Evaluating the Effect of a Supplement of Glycine as Adjuvant in the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Patients Initiating Mechanical Ventilation[NCT04443673]		59 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-15	Terminated (stopped due to An interim analysis showed no difference in major outcomes (n=35 glycine and n=24 control participants))
Priming With High-Frequency Trans-spinal Stimulation to Augment Locomotor Benefits in Spinal Cord Injury[NCT04807764]		45 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-01	Recruiting
Combined Drug Approach to Prevent Ischemia-reperfusion Injury During Transplantation of Livers (CAPITL): a First-in-men Study[NCT01886443]	Phase 1	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
Combined Drug Approach to Prevent Ischemia-reperfusion Injury During Transplantation of Livers (CAPITL): a First-in-men Study[NCT02251041]	Phase 2	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
The Effects of Glycine Transport Inhibition on Brain Glycine Concentration[NCT00538070]		68 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
Sport Therapy for Contrasting the Deterioration of Muscle Oxidative Metabolism in Patients Affected by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) - Project ME_E_SLA[NCT02548663]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Completed
Quantifying Fatigue of the Respiratory and Swallowing Musculature in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis[NCT04468191]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-10	Withdrawn (stopped due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions for data collection)
The Role of Moderate Aerobic Exercise as Determined by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in ALS[NCT03326622]		48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-01	Completed
Hydrogen Sulfide as Prognostic Factor[NCT01088490]		50 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-01-31	Completed
A Phase II Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of High Dose Vitamin B12 in Septic Shock[NCT03783091]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-08-05	Recruiting
A Trial of the Effects of Glycine Loading on Clinical Symptoms and Logical Memory in Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00575848]	Phase 1	16 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Terminated (stopped due to Slow enrollment and due to personnel change there was no viable way to quantify glycine levels through imaging)
Phase II Study of the Effects of Tiopronin on 3-Aminopropanal Level & Neurologic Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage[NCT01095731]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Accounting for Multiple Comparisons in Statistical Analysis of the Extensive Bioassay Data on Glyphosate. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2020, 06-01, Volume: 175, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Biological Assay; Carcinogenicity Tests; Data Interpretation, Statisti	2020
Lysosomal sulfatases: a growing family. The Biochemical journal, 2020, 10-30, Volume: 477, Issue:20 Topics: Animals; Catalytic Domain; Disease Models, Animal; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Glycine; Humans; Lysosomal	2020
Serine, glycine and one‑carbon metabolism in cancer (Review). International journal of oncology, 2021, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carbon; Carcinogenesis; Disease Models, Animal; Glycine; Humans; Met	2021
Glycine site agonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and Parkinson's disease: a hypothesis. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2013, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; Glycine; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Recep	2013
Glycine receptor mouse mutants: model systems for human hyperekplexia. British journal of pharmacology, 2013, Volume: 170, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glycine	2013
Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factors for the Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. American journal of nephrology, 2017, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Anemia; Animals; Barbiturates; Blood Pressure; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Design; Drug Interaction	2017
Cannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and related analogs in inflammation. The AAPS journal, 2009, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arachidonic Acids; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators	2009
Inhibitory neurotransmission in animal models of tinnitus: maladaptive plasticity. Hearing research, 2011, Volume: 279, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Auditory Pathways; Cochlear Nucleus; Disease Models, Animal; Electrophysiology; Glycine; He	2011
Has an angel shown the way? Etiological and therapeutic implications of the PCP/NMDA model of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia bulletin, 2012, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Cognition Disorders; Contingen	2012
[Pharmacological profile of a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, Sivelestat sodium hydrate]. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica, 2003, Volume: 122, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; Glycine; Humans; Leukocyte Ela	2003
Implications of intrathecal pertussis toxin animal model on the cellular mechanisms of neuropathic pain syndrome. Acta anaesthesiologica Sinica, 2003, Volume: 41, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acids; Glycine; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Spinal;	2003
Hepatocarcinogenesis tumor grading correlated with in vivo image-guided 1H-NMR spectroscopy in a rat model. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2005, Sep-01, Volume: 207, Issue:2 Suppl Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamine; Glycine; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Magnetic Resonan	2005
Tinnitus: neurobiological substrates. Drug discovery today, 2005, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:19 Topics: Animals; Calcium; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Humans; N	2005
Is glycine effective against elevated blood pressure? Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 2006, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glutathione; Glycine; Glycine Agents; Hypertension; Lipid M	2006
The role of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in schizophrenia. Amino acids, 2007, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Glycine; Humans; Mice; Mice, Knockout;	2007
Lessons from the knocked-out glycine transporters. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, 2006, Issue:175 Topics: Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycine; Glycine Plasma Membrane	2006
[Update on the animal models of schizophrenia]. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica, 2006, Volume: 128, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Design; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagon	2006
Antinociceptive effects of glycine transporter inhibitors in neuropathic pain models in mice. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica, 2007, Volume: 130, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Chlorine; Disease Models, Animal; Glycine; G	2007
Adverse effects of excessive consumption of amino acids. Annual review of nutrition, 1984, Volume: 4 Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Cattle; Diet; Disease Models, Ani	1984
Ethanol- and threonine-induced hypertension in rats: a common mechanism. The Canadian journal of cardiology, 1995, Volume: 11, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Eth	1995
Type II collagen mutations in rare and common cartilage diseases. Annals of medicine, 1994, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Cartilage; Cartilage Diseases; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; Collagen; Disease Models, Anima	1994
Mutant mice as a model for cerebellar ataxia. Progress in neurobiology, 2001, Volume: 63, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Ataxia; Cerebellar Ataxia; Cerebellum; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gly	2001
Disorders of the inhibitory glycine receptor: the spastic mouse. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 1990, Volume: 4, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Glycine; Humans; Mice; Mice, Neurologic Mutants; Movement Disorders	1990
Valproate and myoclonus. Advances in neurology, 1986, Volume: 43 Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Clonazepam; DDT; Disease Models, Animal; F	1986

glycine and Disease Models, Animal

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (545)

Authors

Clinical Trials (17)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Abrams, RPM	1
Yasgar, A	2
Teramoto, T	1
Lee, MH	1
Dorjsuren, D	1
Eastman, RT	1
Malik, N	1
Zakharov, AV	1
Li, W	2
Bachani, M	1
Brimacombe, K	1
Steiner, JP	1
Hall, MD	2
Balasubramanian, A	1
Jadhav, A	2
Padmanabhan, R	1
Simeonov, A	2
Nath, A	1
Wang, J	3
Ciampa, G	1
Zheng, D	1
Shi, Q	1
Chen, B	1
Abel, ED	1
Peng, T	1
Hall, DD	1
Song, LS	1
Iesari, S	1
Leclercq, I	1
Joudiou, N	1
Komuta, M	1
Daumerie, A	1
Ambroise, J	1
Dili, A	1
Feza-Bingi, N	1
Xhema, D	1
Bouzin, C	1
Gallez, B	1
Pisani, F	1
Bonaccorsi-Riani, E	1