glycine has been researched along with Cognition Disorders in 37 studies
Cognition Disorders: Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-dose oral glycine on positive and negative symptoms and cognitive function when added to clozapine in adults with schizophrenia." | 9.09 | Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia. ( Evins, AE; Fitzgerald, SM; Goff, DC; Rosselli, R; Wine, L, 2000) |
| "Since the hypofunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is known to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, the enhancement of NMDA receptor function through glycine modulatory sites is expected to be a useful approach for the treatment of schizophrenia." | 7.81 | Efficacy of a glycine transporter 1 inhibitor TASP0315003 in animal models of cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. ( Abe, K; Aoki, T; Chaki, S; Iijima, M; Kaku, A; Kambe, D; Karasawa, J; Kawakita, Y; Okubo, T; Okuyama, S; Sekiguchi, Y; Shibata, T; Shimazaki, T; Yamamoto, S, 2015) |
| "Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric illness that is characterized by reduced cortical connectivity, for which the underlying biological and genetic causes are not well understood." | 6.52 | The NMDA receptor 'glycine modulatory site' in schizophrenia: D-serine, glycine, and beyond. ( Balu, DT; Coyle, JT, 2015) |
| "The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST) was a 16-week double-blind, double-dummy, parallel group, randomized clinical trial of adjunctive glycine, D-cycloserine, or placebo conducted at four sites in the United States and one site in Israel." | 5.12 | The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments. ( Buchanan, RW; Carpenter, WT; Gold, JM; Heresco-Levy, U; Javitt, DC; Marder, SR; McMahon, RP; Schooler, NR, 2007) |
| "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-dose oral glycine on positive and negative symptoms and cognitive function when added to clozapine in adults with schizophrenia." | 5.09 | Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia. ( Evins, AE; Fitzgerald, SM; Goff, DC; Rosselli, R; Wine, L, 2000) |
| "Over the last 20 years, glutamatergic models of schizophrenia have become increasingly accepted as etiopathological models of schizophrenia, based on the observation that phencyclidine (PCP) induces a schizophrenia-like psychosis by blocking neurotransmission at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors." | 4.88 | Has an angel shown the way? Etiological and therapeutic implications of the PCP/NMDA model of schizophrenia. ( Heresco-Levy, U; Javitt, DC; Umbricht, D; Zukin, SR, 2012) |
| "Since the hypofunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is known to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, the enhancement of NMDA receptor function through glycine modulatory sites is expected to be a useful approach for the treatment of schizophrenia." | 3.81 | Efficacy of a glycine transporter 1 inhibitor TASP0315003 in animal models of cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. ( Abe, K; Aoki, T; Chaki, S; Iijima, M; Kaku, A; Kambe, D; Karasawa, J; Kawakita, Y; Okubo, T; Okuyama, S; Sekiguchi, Y; Shibata, T; Shimazaki, T; Yamamoto, S, 2015) |
| "D-Cycloserine was associated with significant improvement in scores on the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (improvement of 3." | 2.69 | Improved cognition in Alzheimer's disease with short-term D-cycloserine treatment. ( Coyle, JT; Falk, WE; Gunther, J; Tsai, GE, 1999) |
| "Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric illness that is characterized by reduced cortical connectivity, for which the underlying biological and genetic causes are not well understood." | 2.52 | The NMDA receptor 'glycine modulatory site' in schizophrenia: D-serine, glycine, and beyond. ( Balu, DT; Coyle, JT, 2015) |
| "Current treatments for schizophrenia, although effective for positive symptoms, have not proven as effective for negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction." | 2.50 | Unmet needs in the treatment of schizophrenia: new targets to help different symptom domains. ( Citrome, L, 2014) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease have reduced gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy in both cortical and sub-cortical structures, yet changes in the pre-motor phase of the disease are unknown." | 1.40 | A voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging analysis of asymptomatic Parkinson's disease-related G2019S LRRK2 mutation carriers. ( Artzi, M; Ben Bashat, D; Bloem, BR; Bressman, S; Giladi, N; Gurevich, T; Helmich, RC; Hendler, T; Jacob, Y; Marder, K; Mirelman, A; Orr-Urtreger, A; Thaler, A; van Nuenen, BF, 2014) |
| "Increasing evidence suggest that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous disorder that includes several subtypes with different etiology and progression." | 1.40 | Decreased cerebrospinal fluid levels of L-carnitine in non-apolipoprotein E4 carriers at early stages of Alzheimer's disease. ( Cedazo-Mínguez, Á; Cifuentes, A; Ibáñez, C; Lodeiro, M; Simó, C, 2014) |
| "The Timothy syndrome is a multisystem disorder associated with the mutation of a Gly residue (G402 or G406) in the Ca(v)1." | 1.35 | Introduction into Ca(v)2.1 of the homologous mutation of Ca(v)1.2 causing the Timothy syndrome questions the role of V421 in the phenotypic definition of P-type Ca(2+) channel. ( Cens, T; Charnet, P; Leyris, JP, 2008) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 3 (8.11) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 2 (5.41) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 10 (27.03) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 21 (56.76) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (2.70) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Fone, KCF | 1 |
| Watson, DJG | 1 |
| Billiras, RI | 1 |
| Sicard, DI | 1 |
| Dekeyne, A | 1 |
| Rivet, JM | 1 |
| Gobert, A | 1 |
| Millan, MJ | 1 |
| Zhou, J | 1 |
| Li, J | 1 |
| Rosenbaum, DM | 1 |
| Zhuang, J | 1 |
| Poon, C | 1 |
| Qin, P | 1 |
| Rivera, K | 1 |
| Lepore, J | 1 |
| Willette, RN | 1 |
| Hu, E | 1 |
| Barone, FC | 1 |
| Winkelmann, A | 1 |
| Maggio, N | 1 |
| Eller, J | 1 |
| Caliskan, G | 1 |
| Semtner, M | 1 |
| Häussler, U | 1 |
| Jüttner, R | 1 |
| Dugladze, T | 1 |
| Smolinsky, B | 1 |
| Kowalczyk, S | 1 |
| Chronowska, E | 1 |
| Schwarz, G | 1 |
| Rathjen, FG | 1 |
| Rechavi, G | 1 |
| Haas, CA | 1 |
| Kulik, A | 1 |
| Gloveli, T | 1 |
| Heinemann, U | 1 |
| Meier, JC | 1 |
| Thaler, A | 1 |
| Artzi, M | 1 |
| Mirelman, A | 1 |
| Jacob, Y | 1 |
| Helmich, RC | 1 |
| van Nuenen, BF | 1 |
| Gurevich, T | 1 |
| Orr-Urtreger, A | 1 |
| Marder, K | 1 |
| Bressman, S | 2 |
| Bloem, BR | 1 |
| Hendler, T | 1 |
| Giladi, N | 1 |
| Ben Bashat, D | 1 |
| Citrome, L | 1 |
| Lodeiro, M | 1 |
| Ibáñez, C | 1 |
| Cifuentes, A | 1 |
| Simó, C | 1 |
| Cedazo-Mínguez, Á | 1 |
| Guercio, GD | 1 |
| Bevictori, L | 1 |
| Vargas-Lopes, C | 1 |
| Madeira, C | 1 |
| Oliveira, A | 1 |
| Carvalho, VF | 1 |
| d'Avila, JC | 1 |
| Panizzutti, R | 1 |
| Estanga, A | 1 |
| Rodriguez-Oroz, MC | 1 |
| Ruiz-Martinez, J | 1 |
| Barandiaran, M | 1 |
| Gorostidi, A | 1 |
| Bergareche, A | 1 |
| Mondragon, E | 1 |
| Lopez de Munain, A | 1 |
| Marti-Masso, JF | 1 |
| Khojasteh, F | 1 |
| Nahavandi, A | 1 |
| Mehrpouya, S | 1 |
| Homberg, JR | 1 |
| Mirzamohammadi, S | 1 |
| Raufi, S | 1 |
| Soleimani, M | 1 |
| Barati, M | 1 |
| Balu, DT | 1 |
| Coyle, JT | 3 |
| Chaki, S | 1 |
| Shimazaki, T | 1 |
| Karasawa, J | 1 |
| Aoki, T | 1 |
| Kaku, A | 1 |
| Iijima, M | 1 |
| Kambe, D | 1 |
| Yamamoto, S | 1 |
| Kawakita, Y | 1 |
| Shibata, T | 1 |
| Abe, K | 1 |
| Okubo, T | 1 |
| Sekiguchi, Y | 1 |
| Okuyama, S | 1 |
| Cens, T | 1 |
| Leyris, JP | 1 |
| Charnet, P | 1 |
| Barak, S | 1 |
| Weiner, I | 1 |
| Rönnbäck, A | 1 |
| Zhu, S | 1 |
| Dillner, K | 1 |
| Aoki, M | 1 |
| Lilius, L | 1 |
| Näslund, J | 1 |
| Winblad, B | 1 |
| Graff, C | 1 |
| Gomez, A | 1 |
| Ferrer, I | 1 |
| Hudkins, RL | 1 |
| Kodama, D | 1 |
| Ono, H | 1 |
| Tanabe, M | 1 |
| Shanker, V | 1 |
| Groves, M | 1 |
| Heiman, G | 1 |
| Palmese, C | 1 |
| Saunders-Pullman, R | 1 |
| Ozelius, L | 1 |
| Raymond, D | 1 |
| Valayannopoulos, V | 1 |
| Boddaert, N | 1 |
| Chabli, A | 1 |
| Barbier, V | 1 |
| Desguerre, I | 1 |
| Philippe, A | 1 |
| Afenjar, A | 1 |
| Mazzuca, M | 1 |
| Cheillan, D | 1 |
| Munnich, A | 1 |
| de Keyzer, Y | 1 |
| Jakobs, C | 1 |
| Salomons, GS | 1 |
| de Lonlay, P | 1 |
| Byrnes, KR | 1 |
| Loane, DJ | 1 |
| Stoica, BA | 1 |
| Zhang, J | 1 |
| Faden, AI | 1 |
| Javitt, DC | 4 |
| Zukin, SR | 1 |
| Heresco-Levy, U | 2 |
| Umbricht, D | 1 |
| Szalardy, L | 1 |
| Zadori, D | 1 |
| Toldi, J | 1 |
| Fulop, F | 1 |
| Klivenyi, P | 1 |
| Vecsei, L | 1 |
| Woods, SW | 1 |
| Walsh, BC | 1 |
| Hawkins, KA | 1 |
| Miller, TJ | 1 |
| Saksa, JR | 1 |
| D'Souza, DC | 1 |
| Pearlson, GD | 1 |
| McGlashan, TH | 1 |
| Krystal, JH | 1 |
| Ohnuma, T | 1 |
| Sakai, Y | 1 |
| Maeshima, H | 1 |
| Higa, M | 1 |
| Hanzawa, R | 1 |
| Kitazawa, M | 1 |
| Hotta, Y | 1 |
| Katsuta, N | 1 |
| Takebayashi, Y | 1 |
| Shibata, N | 1 |
| Arai, H | 1 |
| Tsai, G | 1 |
| Kleschevnikov, AM | 1 |
| Belichenko, PV | 1 |
| Villar, AJ | 1 |
| Epstein, CJ | 1 |
| Malenka, RC | 1 |
| Mobley, WC | 1 |
| Duncan, EJ | 1 |
| Szilagyi, S | 1 |
| Schwartz, MP | 1 |
| Bugarski-Kirola, D | 1 |
| Kunzova, A | 1 |
| Negi, S | 1 |
| Stephanides, M | 1 |
| Efferen, TR | 1 |
| Angrist, B | 1 |
| Peselow, E | 1 |
| Corwin, J | 1 |
| Gonzenbach, S | 1 |
| Rotrosen, JP | 1 |
| Tumini, E | 1 |
| Porcellini, E | 1 |
| Chiappelli, M | 1 |
| Conti, CM | 1 |
| Beraudi, A | 1 |
| Poli, A | 1 |
| Caciagli, F | 1 |
| Doyle, R | 1 |
| Conti, P | 1 |
| Licastro, F | 1 |
| Buchanan, RW | 1 |
| Marder, SR | 1 |
| Schooler, NR | 1 |
| Gold, JM | 1 |
| McMahon, RP | 1 |
| Carpenter, WT | 1 |
| Chan, MH | 1 |
| Chiu, PH | 1 |
| Sou, JH | 1 |
| Chen, HH | 1 |
| Pomara, N | 1 |
| Banay-Schwartz, M | 1 |
| Block, R | 1 |
| Stanley, M | 1 |
| Gershon, S | 1 |
| Tsai, GE | 1 |
| Falk, WE | 1 |
| Gunther, J | 1 |
| Evins, AE | 1 |
| Fitzgerald, SM | 1 |
| Wine, L | 1 |
| Rosselli, R | 1 |
| Goff, DC | 1 |
| Wiśniewski, K | 1 |
| Car, H | 1 |
| Yanai, Y | 1 |
| Shibasaki, T | 1 |
| Kohno, N | 1 |
| Mitsui, T | 1 |
| Nakajima, H | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycine Treatment of Prodromal Symptoms[NCT00268749] | Phase 2 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Glycine vs Placebo for the Schizophrenia Prodrome[NCT00291226] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 8 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Pilot Study of Glycine Augmentation in Carriers of a Mutation in the Gene Encoding Glycine Decarboxylase[NCT01720316] | Phase 2 | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-12-10 | Completed | ||
| Targeting a Genetic Mutation in Glycine Metabolism With D-cycloserine[NCT02304432] | Early Phase 1 | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-09-27 | Completed | ||
| Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST)[NCT00222235] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 240 participants | Interventional | 2000-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Acute Glycine Pharmacodynamic Study[NCT01610011] | 21 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-07-31 | Completed | |||
| The Effects of Glycine on Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome-related Parameters: A Clinical and Ex-vivo Study.[NCT03850314] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-03-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| A Trial of the Effects of Glycine Loading on Clinical Symptoms and Logical Memory in Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00575848] | Phase 1 | 16 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2007-12-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Slow enrollment and due to personnel change there was no viable way to quantify glycine levels through imaging) | ||
| The Effects of Glycine Transport Inhibition on Brain Glycine Concentration[NCT00538070] | 68 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-08-31 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Scale Of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) is a 19-item instrument. The SOPS is comprised of symptoms that are classified as falling into four pathology domains: positive, negative, disorganized and general. The scales identify and measure five attenuated positive psychotic symptoms, six negative symptoms, four disorganization symptoms and four general symptoms. These seven-point scales cover severity variance in the subpsychotic or attenuated range. Each item is scaled 0-6, with 0-2 being the normal range, 3-5 being the risk syndrome range, and 6 being severe and psychotic for the positive symptoms and very severe for the other symptoms. The higher the score, the more symptoms an individual has and is therefore negative in its interpretation. The severity of the prodromal state is judged according to the sum of the ratings from each of the SOPS items and can range from 0 to 114. Actual SOPS total scores in this study ranged from 23 to 59 across subjects at baseline. (NCT00291226)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline at 8 Weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glycine | -5.8 |
| Placebo Group | 4.5 |
Scale Of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) is a 19-item instrument. The SOPS is comprised of symptoms that are classified as falling into four pathology domains: positive, negative, disorganized and general. The scales identify and measure five attenuated positive psychotic symptoms, six negative symptoms, four disorganization symptoms and four general symptoms. These seven-point scales cover severity variance in the subpsychotic or attenuated range. Each item is scaled 0-6, with 0-2 being the normal range, 3-5 being the risk syndrome range, and 6 being severe and psychotic for the positive symptoms and very severe for the other symptoms. The higher the score, the more symptoms an individual has and is therefore negative in its interpretation. The severity of the prodromal state is judged according to the sum of the ratings from each of the SOPS items and can range from 0 to 114. Actual SOPS total scores in this study ranged from 23 to 59 across subjects at baseline. (NCT00291226)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glycine | 37.8 |
| Placebo Group | 37.5 |
Auditory evoked potentials amplitude: P50 ratio (S2/S1). Participants were assessed at baseline and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | ratio (Number) |
|---|---|
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) Baseline: Subject 2 | 44.51 |
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 35.67 |
Auditory evoked potentials amplitude: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz; P50 S1 and S2 amplitude; mismatch negativity (MMN) at fz and cz. Participants were assessed at baseline and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | microvolts (Number) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 amplitude at fz | P300 amplitude at cz | P300 amplitude at pz | N100 amplitude at fz | N100 amplitude at cz | P200 amplitude at fz | P200 amplitude at cz | P50 S1 amplitude | P50 S2 amplitude | MMN amplitude at fz | MMN amplitude at cz | |
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 3.74 | 6.6 | 5.57 | -4.71 | -3.89 | 6.29 | 7.8 | 2.2 | 0.78 | -1.004 | -1.322 |
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) Baseline: Subject 2 | -0.635 | 6.53 | 5.34 | -3.93 | -3.62 | 1.662 | 6.59 | 2.76 | 1.23 | -3.356 | -4.13 |
Auditory evoked potentials gamma: G40 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G20 hz phase locking response at fz and cz G30 hz phase locking response at fz and cz. Participants were assessed at baseline and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | microvolts squared (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G40 fz | G40 cz | G20 fz | G20 cz | G30 fz | G30 cz | |
| Auditory ERPs Gamma 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 0.255 | 0.29 | 0.107 | 0.108 | 0.177 | 0.242 |
| Auditory ERPs Gamma Baseline: Subject 2 | 0.135 | 0.168 | 0.023 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.163 |
Auditory evoked potentials latency: P300 at fz, cz, and pz); N100 at fz and cz); P200 at fz and cz. Participants were assessed at baseline and in week of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | msec (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 latency at fz | P300 latency at cz | P300 latency at pz | N100 latency at fz | N100 latency at cz | P200 latency at fz | P200 latency at cz | |
| Auditory ERPs Latency (ms) 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 300.78 | 293 | 294.92 | 94 | 94 | 205 | 203 |
| Auditory ERPs Latency (ms) Baseline: Subject 2 | 279.3 | 279.3 | 279.3 | 97.66 | 91.8 | 197.27 | 193.4 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy GABA/Cr. Participants were assessed 1) pre-glycine treatment (baseline) and 2) in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment measured in posterior occipital cortex. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline GABA/Cr | Week 6 of glycine tx GABA/Cr | |
| Subject1: Brain GABA/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.16 | 0.22 |
| Subject2: Brain GABA/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.27 | 0.24 |
magnetic resonance spectroscopy - glutamate metabolite level. Participants were assessed 1) pre-glycine treatment and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. Measured in posterior occipital cortex. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline brain glutamate/Cr ratio | Week 6 brain glutamate/Cr ratio | |
| Subject1: Brain Glutamate/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.98 | 0.84 |
| Subject2: Brain Glutamate/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 2.053 | 1.13 |
magnetic resonance spectroscopy: glycine/creatine ratio. Participants were assessed at 1) BASELINE PRE-GLYCINE TREATMENT: pre-glycine challenge drink, 60 minutes post challenge drink, 80 minutes post challenge drink, 100 minutes post challenge drink, and 120 minutes post challenge drink (0.4 g/kg up to max of 30 g); and 2) IN WEEK 6 OF OPEN-LABEL GLYCINE TREATMENT: pre-glycine dose, and 60 minutes, 80 minutes, 100 minutes and 120 minutes post daily dose of glycine. Measured in posterior occipital cortex (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline (pre-challenge, 60, 80, 100, 120 minutes post-challenge), and week 6 of glycine (pre-dose and 60, 80, 100, 120 minutes post-dose
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline - pre-challenge drink | Baseline 60 minutes post challenge drink | Baseline 80 minutes post challenge drink | Baseline 100 minutes post challenge drink | Baseline 120 minutes post challenge drink | Week 6 of glycine - pre-glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 60 minutes post glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 80 minutes post glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 100 minutes post glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 120 minutes post glycine dose | |
| Subject 2:Brain Glycine/CR Ratio at Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.5691 | 0.3918 | 0.6428 | 0.6363 | 0.9559 | 0.3235 | 0.3807 | 0.5591 | 0.4142 | 0.3545 |
| Subject1: Brain Glycine/CR Ratio at Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.2558 | 0.6157 | 0.6631 | 0.5938 | 0.6953 | 0.6573 | 0.2983 | 0.4577 | 0.5751 | 0.3842 |
Total BPRS score measures severity of 18 psychiatric symptoms. Each symptom is scored 1-7 with the total score ranging from 18-126. 18 means no symptoms and 126 means very severe symptoms. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within and after each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPRS at baseline | BPRS at 2 weeks intervention 1 | BPRS at 4 weeks intervention 1 | BPRS at 6 weeks intervention 1 | BPRS, end of washout1 | BPRS at 2 weeks intervention 2 | BPRS at 4 weeks intervention 2 | BPRS at 6 weeks intervention 2 | BPRS, end of washout2 | BPRS at 2 weeks open label | BPRS at 4 weeks open label | BPRS at 6 weeks open label | BPRS, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 39 | 38 | 32 | 21 | 22 | 37 | 31 | 37 | 32 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 19 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 46 | 38 | 39 | 28 | 34 | 32 | 20 | 23 | 24 | 20 | 18 | 19 | 23 |
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) severity scores measure severity of mental illness on a scale of 1-7 where 1 means normal, not at all ill, 2 means borderline mentally ill, 3 means mildly ill, 4 means moderately ill, 5 means markedly ill, 6 means severely ill and 7 means among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: CGI at baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks per treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CGI severity score at baseline | CGI severity score at 2 weeks intervention 1 | CGI severity score at 4 weeks intervention 1 | CGI severity score at 6 weeks intervention 1 | CGI severity score, end of washout1 | CGI severity score at 2 weeks intervention 2 | CGI severity score at 4 weeks intervention 2 | CGI severity score at 6 weeks intervention 2 | CGI severity score, end of washout2 | CGI severity score at 2 weeks open label | CGI severity score at 4 weeks open label | CGI severity score at 6 weeks open label | CGI severity score, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) therapeutic effect scores measure degree of improvement as marked (1), moderate (5), minimal (9) or unchanged/worse (13). (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period
| Intervention | score (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CGI therapeutic effect at 2 weeks intervention 1 | CGI therapeutic effect at 4 weeks intervention 1 | CGI therapeutic effect at 6 weeks intervention 1 | CGI therapeutic effect, end of washout1 | CGI therapeutic effect at 2 weeks intervention 2 | CGI therapeutic effect at 4 weeks intervention 2 | CGI therapeutic effect at 6 weeks intervention 2 | CGI therapeutic effect, end of washout2 | CGI therapeutic effect at 2 weeks open label | CGI therapeutic effect at 4 weeks open label | CGI therapeutic effect at 6 weeks open label | CGI therapeutic effect, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 13 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Hamilton Depression Scale measures severity of depression symptoms. The sum of ratings for 9 depression symptoms are measured on a scale from 0-2 with 0 meaning no symptoms and 2 meaning some level of severity of that specific symptom. The rating for 1 depression symptom is measured on a scale from 0-3 with 0 meaning no symptoms and 3 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The sum of ratings for 11 depression symptoms are measured on a scale from 0-4 with 0 meaning no symptoms and 4 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The three sums are added to produce an overall depression rating scale score ranging from 0-65. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression symptoms at baseline | Depression symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 1 | Depression symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 1 | Depression symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 1 | Depression symptoms, end of washout1 | Depression symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 2 | Depression symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 2 | Depression symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 2 | Depression symptoms, end of washout2 | Depression symptoms at 2 weeks open label | Depression symptoms at 4 weeks open label | Depression symptoms at 6 weeks open label | Depression symptoms, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 18 | 17 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 19 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 12 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Plasma glycine levels; normal range is 122-467 nM/mL (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: At baseline, during glycine treatment, during placebo treatment and during open-label glycine
| Intervention | nM/mL (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Glycine double-blind | Placebo | Glycine open-label | |
| Glycine Then Placebo | 216 | 410 | 194 | 516 |
| Placebo Then Glycine | 271 | 761 | 347 | 634 |
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) measures severity of manic symptoms. The sum of ratings for 7 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale from 0-4 and the sum of 4 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale from 0-8 to yield a total score ranging from 0-60, with 0 meaning no manic symptoms and 60 meaning severe manic symptoms. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manic symptoms at baseline | Manic symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 1 | Manic symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 1 | Manic symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 1 | Manic symptoms, end of washout1 | Manic symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 2 | Manic symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 2 | Manic symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 2 | Manic symptoms, end of washout2 | Manic symptoms at 2 weeks open label | Manic symptoms at 4 weeks open label | Manic symptoms at 6 weeks open label | Manic symptoms, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 7 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Scores on each of 8 domains of cognitive function (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning/problem solving, social cognition, overall composite). Scores are T scores ranging from 0-100, with 50 representing the mean for a population based on a normal distribution; standard deviation of 10. Only overall composite score is entered. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: At baseline, during glycine treatment, during placebo treatment and during open-label glycine
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Participant 1 | Participant 2 | |
| Baseline | 45 | 48 |
| Composite Score on Glycine, Double-blind | 52 | 52 |
| Composite Score on Glycine, Open-label | 49 | 46 |
| Composite Score on Placebo | 52 | 55 |
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) measures positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The sum of ratings for seven positive symptoms are measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period and after each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive symptoms at baseline | Positive symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 1 | Positive symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 1 | Positive symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 1 | Positive symptoms, end of washout1 | Positive symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 2 | Positive symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 2 | Positive symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 2 | Positive symptoms, end of washout2 | Positive symptoms at 2 weeks open label | Positive symptoms at 4 weeks open label | Positive symptoms at 6 weeks open label | Positive symptoms, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 13 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 19 | 20 | 19 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
Auditory evoked potential amplitude: P50 ratio (P50 S2/S1) (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| P50 ratio: Baseline | P50 ratio: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 44.51 | 30 |
Auditory evoked potential amplitude: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz; P50 S1 and S2; mismatch negativity (MMN) at fz and cz. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | microvolts (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 at fz: Baseline | P300 at cz: Baseline | P300 at pz: Baseline | N100 at fz: Baseline | N100 at cz: Baseline | P200 at fz: Baseline | P200 at cz: Baseline | P50 S1: Baseline | P50 S2: Baseline | MMN at fz: Baseline | MMN at cz: Baseline | P300 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at pz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P50 S1: Week 8 of DCS | P50 S2: Week 8 of DCS | MMN at fz: Week 8 of DCS | MMN at cz: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | -0.635 | 6.529 | 5.340 | -3.926 | -3.615 | 1.662 | 6.591 | 2.759 | 1.23 | -3.356 | -4.130 | 3.030 | 6.810 | 6.620 | -3.260 | -3.940 | 8.200 | 8.160 | 1.36 | 0.4 | -3.330 | -1.540 |
Auditory evoked potential gamma: G40 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G30 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G20 hz phase locking at fz and cz (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | microvolts squared (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G40 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline | G40 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline | G30 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline | G30 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline | G20 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline | G20 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline | G40 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS | G40 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS | G30 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS | G30 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS | G20 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS | G20 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 0.135 | 0.168 | 0.190 | 0.163 | 0.023 | 0.030 | 0.344 | 0.381 | 0.168 | 0.19 | 0.01 | -0.01 |
Auditory evoked potential latency: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | msec (Number) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 at fz: Baseline | P300 at cz: Baseline | P300 at pz: Baseline | N100 at fz: Baseline | N100 at cz: Baseline | P200 at fz: Baseline | P200 at cz: Baseline | P300 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at pz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 279.297 | 279.297 | 279.297 | 97.656 | 91.797 | 197.266 | 193.359 | 294.920 | 294.000 | 294 | 87.9 | 88.000 | 212.890 | 212.000 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4T: brain glycine/CR ratio. Participants were assessed at baseline (pre-glycine challenge dose and 60, 80, 100 and 120 minutes post glycine dose) and in week 8 of of open-label DCS treatment: pre-DCS dose, and 60, 80, 100 and 120 minutes post DCS dose. Measured in posterior occipital cortex. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | ratio (Median) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Baseline at 60 minutes | Baseline at 80 minutes | Baseline at 100 minutes | Baseline at 120 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: Baseline | Week 8 of DCS: 60 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: 80 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: 100 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: 120 minutes | |
| Open Label DCS | 0.41245 | 0.50375 | 0.65295 | 0.61505 | 0.8256 | 0.10977 | 0.248885 | 0.32609 | 0.32052 | 0.312155 |
Total BPRS score measures severity of 18 psychiatric symptoms. Each symptom is scored 1-7 with the total score ranging from 18-126. 18 means no symptoms and 126 means very severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline BPRS | 2 weeks BPRS | 4 weeks BPRS | 6 weeks BPRS | 8 weeks BPRS | 10 weeks BPRS | 12 weeks BPRS | 14 weeks BPRS | 16 weeks BPRS | 18 weeks BPRS | 20 weeks BPRS | 22 weeks BPRS | 24 weeks BPRS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 37 | 25 | 26 | 24 | 24.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 31.5 | 30.5 | 28 | 25.5 | 26 | 26.5 | 26 | 25.5 | 28.5 | 27 | 25 | 24.5 | 26.5 |
Total BPRS score measures severity of 18 psychiatric symptoms. Each symptom is scored 1-7 with the total score ranging from 18-126. 18 means no symptoms and 126 means very severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline BPRS for first intervention | 2 weeks BPRS for first intervention | 4 weeks BPRS for first intervention | 6 weeks BPRS for first intervention | Baseline BPRS for second intervention | 2 weeks BPRS for second intervention | 4 weeks BPRS for second intervention | 6 weeks BPRS for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 26 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 39 | 45 | 45 | 38 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 29 | 35 | 33 | 35 | 36 | 30 | 27 | 28 |
CGI severity scores measure severity of mental illness on a scale of 1-7 where 1 means normal, not at all ill, 2 means borderline mentally ill, 3 means mildly ill, 4 means moderately ill, 5 means markedly ill, 6 means severely ill and 7 means among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline CGI | 2 weeks CGI | 4 weeks CGI | 6 weeks CGI | 8 weeks CGI | 10 weeks CGI | 12 weeks CGI | 14 weeks CGI | 16 weeks CGI | 18 weeks CGI | 20 weeks CGI | 22 weeks CGI | 24 weeks CGI | |
| First Open Label DCS | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
CGI severity scores measure severity of mental illness on a scale of 1-7 where 1 means normal, not at all ill, 2 means borderline mentally ill, 3 means mildly ill, 4 means moderately ill, 5 means markedly ill, 6 means severely ill and 7 means among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline CGI for first intervention | 2 weeks CGI for first intervention | 4 weeks CGI for first intervention | 6 weeks CGI for first intervention | Baseline CGI for second intervention | 2 weeks CGI for second intervention | 4 weeks CGI for second intervention | 6 weeks CGI for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM) measures severity of depression symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 9 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-2 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 2 meaning some level of severity of that specific symptom. The rating for one depression symptom is measured on a scale of 0-3 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 3 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The sum of ratings for 11 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-4, with 0 meaning no symptoms and 4 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The three sums are added to produce an overall depression rating scale score ranging from 0-65. Higher scores indicate worse depression symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline HAM | 2 weeks HAM | 4 weeks HAM | 6 weeks HAM | 8 weeks HAM | 10 weeks HAM | 12 weeks HAM | 14 weeks HAM | 16 weeks HAM | 18 weeks HAM | 20 weeks HAM | 22 weeks HAM | 24 weeks HAM | |
| First Open Label DCS | 5 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM) measures severity of depression symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 9 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-2 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 2 meaning some level of severity of that specific symptom. The rating for one depression symptom is measured on a scale of 0-3 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 3 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The sum of ratings for 11 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-4, with 0 meaning no symptoms and 4 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The three sums are added to produce an overall depression rating scale score ranging from 0-65. Higher scores indicate worse depression symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline HAM for first intervention | 2 weeks HAM for first intervention | 4 weeks HAM for first intervention | 6 weeks HAM for first intervention | Baseline HAM for second intervention | 2 weeks HAM for second intervention | 4 weeks HAM for second intervention | 6 weeks HAM for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 4 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) measures severity of manic symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 7 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-4 and the sumof 4 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-8 to yield a total score ranging from 0-60, with 0 meaning no manic symptoms and 60 meaning severe manic symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline YMRS | 2 weeks YMRS | 4 weeks YMRS | 6 weeks YMRS | 8 weeks YMRS | 10 weeks YMRS | 12 weeks YMRS | 14 weeks YMRS | 16 weeks YMRS | 18 weeks YMRS | 20 weeks YMRS | 22 weeks YMRS | 24 weeks YMRS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) measures severity of manic symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 7 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-4 and the sumof 4 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-8 to yield a total score ranging from 0-60, with 0 meaning no manic symptoms and 60 meaning severe manic symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline YMRS for first intervention | 2 weeks YMRS for first intervention | 4 weeks YMRS for first intervention | 6 weeks YMRS for first intervention | Baseline YMRS for second intervention | 2 weeks YMRS for second intervention | 4 weeks YMRS for second intervention | 6 weeks YMRS for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Scores on each of 8 domains of cognitive function (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning/problem solving, social cognition, overall composite). Scores are T scores ranging from 0-100, with 50 representing the mean for a population based on a normal distribution, standard deviation of 10. Higher scores signify better functioning. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of open-label DCS treatment
| Intervention | T scores (Median) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Processing Speed | Baseline Attention/Vigilance | Baseline Working Memory | Baseline Verbal Learning | Baseline Visual Learning | Baseline Reasoning/Problem Solving | Baseline Social Cognition | Baseline Overall Composite Score | Week 8 of open-label DCS Processing Speed | Week 8 of open-label DCS Attention/Vigilance | Week 8 of open-label DCS Working Memory | Week 8 of open-label DCS Verbal Learning | Week 8 of open-label DCS Visual Learning | Week 8 of open-label DCS Reasoning/Problem Solving | Week 8 of open-label DCS Social Cognition | Week 8 of open-label DCS Overall Composite Score | |
| Open Label DCS | 48.5 | 44.5 | 38.5 | 54 | 50.5 | 52.5 | 48 | 46.5 | 52.5 | 47.5 | 50.5 | 43.5 | 54.5 | 66.5 | 44.5 | 51.5 |
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) measures positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The sum of ratings for seven positive symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms.The sum of ratings for seven negative symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline positive | Baseline negative | 2 weeks positive | 2 weeks negative | 4 weeks positive | 4 weeks negative | 6 weeks positive | 6 weeks negative | 8 weeks positive | 8 weeks negative | 10 weeks positive | 10 weeks negative | 12 weeks positive | 12 weeks negative | 14 weeks positive | 14 weeks negative | 16 weeks positive | 16 weeks negative | 18 weeks positive | 18 weeks negative | 20 weeks positive | 20 weeks negative | 22 weeks positive | 22 weeks negative | 24 weeks positive | 24 weeks negative | |
| First Open Label DCS | 14.5 | 14.5 | 10 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 12 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 11 | 14 | 11 | 14 | 10.5 | 13.5 | 9 | 13 | 9.5 | 12 | 10.5 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 9.5 | 12 | 10 | 12 |
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) measures positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The sum of ratings for seven positive symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms.The sum of ratings for seven negative symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline positive for first intervention | Baseline negative symptoms for first intervention | 2 weeks positive for first intervention | 2 weeks negative for first intervention | 4 weeks positive for first intervention | 4 weeks negative for first intervention | 6 weeks positive for first intervention | 6 weeks negative for first intervention | Baseline positive for second intervention | Baseline negative for second intervention | 2 weeks positive for second intervention | 2 weeks negative for second intervention | 4 weeks positive for second intervention | 4 weeks negative for second intervention | 6 weeks positive for second intervention | 6 weeks negative for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 15 | 18 | 15 | 18 | 14 | 18 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 11 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 11 |
Brain and plasma glycine levels are measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4T and analytically, respectively. Because glycine doses were limited to 30 g to avoid nausea and vomiting, some subjects with higher weights were administered lower doses per body weight of glycine (g/kg). Therefore, we corrected MRS data by the actual glycine dose administered (g/kg) to account for dosing differences. (NCT01610011)
Timeframe: For up to 2 hours
| Intervention | Percent brain glycine/creatine increase (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glycine Administration Controls | 393 |
| Glycine Administration GLDC Mutation Subjects | 677 |
8 reviews available for glycine and Cognition Disorders
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Unmet needs in the treatment of schizophrenia: new targets to help different symptom domains.
Topics: alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition Disorders; Glycine; Humans; | 2014 |
The NMDA receptor 'glycine modulatory site' in schizophrenia: D-serine, glycine, and beyond.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition Disorders; Dopamine; Glycine; Humans; Receptors, N-Methyl-D | 2015 |
Has an angel shown the way? Etiological and therapeutic implications of the PCP/NMDA model of schizophrenia.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Cognition Disorders; Contingen | 2012 |
Manipulating kynurenic acid levels in the brain - on the edge between neuroprotection and cognitive dysfunction.
Topics: Binding Sites; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Glycine; Humans; Kynurenic Acid | 2012 |
The NMDA receptor glycine modulatory site: a therapeutic target for improving cognition and reducing negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Topics: Animals; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; GABA Antagonists; Glycine; Humans; Ran | 2004 |
Effects of D-cycloserine on negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Topics: Affect; Antimetabolites; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Diagnostic and Stat | 2004 |
Effects of D-cycloserine on negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Topics: Affect; Antimetabolites; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Diagnostic and Stat | 2004 |
Effects of D-cycloserine on negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Topics: Affect; Antimetabolites; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Diagnostic and Stat | 2004 |
Effects of D-cycloserine on negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Topics: Affect; Antimetabolites; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Diagnostic and Stat | 2004 |
Treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Glycine; Humans; Receptors, | 1999 |
(S)-3,5-DHPG: a review.
Topics: Action Potentials; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cognition Disorders; Cyclic AMP; Ex | 2002 |
5 trials available for glycine and Cognition Disorders
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Glycine treatment of the risk syndrome for psychosis: report of two pilot studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Metho | 2013 |
Glycine treatment of the risk syndrome for psychosis: report of two pilot studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Metho | 2013 |
Glycine treatment of the risk syndrome for psychosis: report of two pilot studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Metho | 2013 |
Glycine treatment of the risk syndrome for psychosis: report of two pilot studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Metho | 2013 |
Effects of D-cycloserine on negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Topics: Affect; Antimetabolites; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Diagnostic and Stat | 2004 |
Effects of D-cycloserine on negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Topics: Affect; Antimetabolites; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Diagnostic and Stat | 2004 |
Effects of D-cycloserine on negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Topics: Affect; Antimetabolites; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Diagnostic and Stat | 2004 |
Effects of D-cycloserine on negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Topics: Affect; Antimetabolites; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Diagnostic and Stat | 2004 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Double-Blind Method; Excitatory Amino Acid Agen | 2007 |
Improved cognition in Alzheimer's disease with short-term D-cycloserine treatment.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 1999 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; D | 2000 |
25 other studies available for glycine and Cognition Disorders
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Comparative Pro-cognitive and Neurochemical Profiles of Glycine Modulatory Site Agonists and Glycine Reuptake Inhibitors in the Rat: Potential Relevance to Cognitive Dysfunction and Its Management.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Cycloserine; Dose-Re | 2020 |
The prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor GSK360A decreases post-stroke brain injury and sensory, motor, and cognitive behavioral deficits.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cognition Disorders; Erythro | 2017 |
Changes in neural network homeostasis trigger neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Cytoplasm; Genotype; Glutamine; Glutathione Transferas | 2014 |
A voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging analysis of asymptomatic Parkinson's disease-related G2019S LRRK2 mutation carriers.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Female; Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich R | 2014 |
Decreased cerebrospinal fluid levels of L-carnitine in non-apolipoprotein E4 carriers at early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Apolipoprotein E4; Arginine; Biomarkers; Carnitine; | 2014 |
D-serine prevents cognitive deficits induced by acute stress.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Cognition Disorders; Corticosterone; Disease Models, Animal; Glycine; Hippoc | 2014 |
Cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease related to the R1441G mutation in LRRK2.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arginine; Case-Control Studies; Cognition Disorders; Female; Glycine | 2014 |
Cognitive impairment induced by permanent bilateral common carotid occlusion exacerbates depression-related behavioral, biochemical, immunological and neuronal markers.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Carotid Artery Diseases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cognit | 2015 |
Efficacy of a glycine transporter 1 inhibitor TASP0315003 in animal models of cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Disease Models | 2015 |
Introduction into Ca(v)2.1 of the homologous mutation of Ca(v)1.2 causing the Timothy syndrome questions the role of V421 in the phenotypic definition of P-type Ca(2+) channel.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Arginine; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Calcium; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Calcium Channel | 2008 |
Towards an animal model of an antipsychotic drug-resistant cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: scopolamine induces abnormally persistent latent inhibition, which can be reversed by cognitive enhancers but not by antipsychotic drugs.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Attention; Cholinergic Antagonists; Clozapine; Cognition Disorders; C | 2009 |
Progressive neuropathology and cognitive decline in a single Arctic APP transgenic mouse model.
Topics: Age Factors; Alanine; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Anim | 2011 |
Involvement of the cerebral cortex in Parkinson disease linked with G2019S LRRK2 mutation without cognitive impairment.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Synuclein; Cerebral Cortex; Cognition Disorders; Electrophoresis, Gel | 2010 |
Current approaches for the treatment of cognitive deficits in CNS disease.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition Disorder | 2010 |
Increased hippocampal glycine uptake and cognitive dysfunction after peripheral nerve injury.
Topics: Animals; Cognition Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory | 2011 |
Mood and cognition in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 G2019S Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cognition Disorders; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glycine; Hu | 2011 |
Treatment by oral creatine, L-arginine and L-glycine in six severely affected patients with creatine transporter defect.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Amino Acid Transport Disorders, Inborn; Arginine; Child; Child, Pr | 2012 |
Delayed mGluR5 activation limits neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury.
Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cognition Disorders; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Di | 2012 |
No correlation between plasma NMDA-related glutamatergic amino acid levels and cognitive function in medicated patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alanine; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Biomarkers; Brief Ps | 2012 |
Hippocampal long-term potentiation suppressed by increased inhibition in the Ts65Dn mouse, a genetic model of Down syndrome.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Cognition Disorders; Crosses, Genetic; Dentate Gyrus; Disease | 2004 |
The G51S purine nucleoside phosphorylase polymorphism is associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease patients.
Topics: Alleles; Alzheimer Disease; Apolipoprotein E4; Cognition Disorders; Disease Progression; Follow-Up S | 2007 |
Attenuation of ketamine-evoked behavioral responses by mGluR5 positive modulators in mice.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cognition Disorders; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glycine; Hydrazin | 2008 |
Elevation of RBC glycine and choline levels in geriatric patients treated with lithium.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Choline; Cognition Disorders; Dementia; Erythrocytes; Female; Glycine; Huma | 1983 |
Concentrations of glycine and serine in cerebrospinal fluid during disturbed consciousness; a study of the therapeutic effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the consciousness level.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Cognition Disorders; Consciousness Disorders; Female; Glycine; | 1986 |
Drugs and the elderly mind.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Drug-Related Side Effects and | 1972 |