glycine has been researched along with Cardiovascular Diseases in 46 studies
Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.
Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
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"We assayed the redox forms of cysteine (reduced [CSH], oxidized [CSSC], and bound to protein [CS-SP]), cysteinylglycine (CGSH; cysteinylgycine disulfide [CGSSGC] and cysteinylglycine-protein mixed disulfide [CGS-SP]), glutathione (GSH; glutathione disulfide [GSSG] and glutathione-protein mixed disulfide [GS-SP]), homocysteine (Hcy; homocystine [HcyS] and homocystine-protein mixed disulfides [bHcy]), and protein sulfhydryls in the plasma of healthy subjects (divided into 8 groups ranging in age from birth to 70 years) and patients with mild hyperhomocysteinemia associated with cardiovascular disease (heart-transplant patients) or vascular atherosclerosis, with or without renal failure." | 7.72 | The effects of age and hyperhomocysteinemia on the redox forms of plasma thiols. ( Buonocore, G; Capecchi, PL; Cellesi, C; Di Giuseppe, D; Di Simplicio, FC; Di Simplicio, P; Frosali, S; Jakubowski, H; Lazzerini, PE; Pasini, FL; Priora, R, 2004) |
"In a prospective study it was our intention to evaluate the reliability and the predictive value of expiratory ethanol for the early detection of the occurrence of TURP syndrome and emphasize the role of the serum levels of glycine in clinical manifestation." | 7.71 | The TURP syndrome: importance of expiratory ethanol measurement and high serum levels of glycine. ( Bartoloni, A; Capotosto, C; Ficarra, V; Finco, G; Gottin, L; Malossini, G; Tallarigo, C, 2001) |
"However, treatment of hyperlipidemia with statins reduces the probability of a CV event." | 5.34 | Receptor for advanced glycation end products Glycine 82 Serine polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis. ( Carroll, L; Frazer, IH; Marwick, TH; Thomas, R; Turner, M, 2007) |
"We assayed the redox forms of cysteine (reduced [CSH], oxidized [CSSC], and bound to protein [CS-SP]), cysteinylglycine (CGSH; cysteinylgycine disulfide [CGSSGC] and cysteinylglycine-protein mixed disulfide [CGS-SP]), glutathione (GSH; glutathione disulfide [GSSG] and glutathione-protein mixed disulfide [GS-SP]), homocysteine (Hcy; homocystine [HcyS] and homocystine-protein mixed disulfides [bHcy]), and protein sulfhydryls in the plasma of healthy subjects (divided into 8 groups ranging in age from birth to 70 years) and patients with mild hyperhomocysteinemia associated with cardiovascular disease (heart-transplant patients) or vascular atherosclerosis, with or without renal failure." | 3.72 | The effects of age and hyperhomocysteinemia on the redox forms of plasma thiols. ( Buonocore, G; Capecchi, PL; Cellesi, C; Di Giuseppe, D; Di Simplicio, FC; Di Simplicio, P; Frosali, S; Jakubowski, H; Lazzerini, PE; Pasini, FL; Priora, R, 2004) |
"In a prospective study it was our intention to evaluate the reliability and the predictive value of expiratory ethanol for the early detection of the occurrence of TURP syndrome and emphasize the role of the serum levels of glycine in clinical manifestation." | 3.71 | The TURP syndrome: importance of expiratory ethanol measurement and high serum levels of glycine. ( Bartoloni, A; Capotosto, C; Ficarra, V; Finco, G; Gottin, L; Malossini, G; Tallarigo, C, 2001) |
" Roxadustat also improved iron utilization, and it was not associated with higher treatment-emergent adverse events, treatment-emergent serious adverse events, and major adverse cardiovascular events when compared to ESAs." | 3.01 | The efficacy and safety of roxadustat for anemia in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Deng, F; Li, J; Mao, M; Zhou, Q, 2023) |
" The primary safety end point, assessed in a time-to-event analysis, was the first occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE, a composite of death from any cause, a nonfatal myocardial infarction, or a nonfatal stroke), pooled across the trials (noninferiority margin, 1." | 3.01 | Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat for Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis. ( Agarwal, R; Aswad, A; Awad, A; Bacci, MR; Block, GA; Chertow, GM; Eckardt, KU; Farag, YMK; Fishbane, S; Hubert, H; Jardine, A; Khawaja, Z; Koury, MJ; Lewis, EF; Luo, W; Maroni, BJ; Matsushita, K; McCullough, PA; Parfrey, PS; Pergola, P; Sarnak, MJ; Spinowitz, B; Tumlin, J; Vargo, DL; Walters, KA; Winkelmayer, WC; Wittes, J; Zwiech, R, 2021) |
" The regulated and sustained bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) in the endothelium is essential to avoid the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension or atherosclerosis." | 2.55 | The Positive Regulation of eNOS Signaling by PPAR Agonists in Cardiovascular Diseases. ( Amoroso, R; Maccallini, C; Mollica, A, 2017) |
"Glycine also has the property to enhance the quality of sleep and neurological functions." | 2.55 | Multifarious Beneficial Effect of Nonessential Amino Acid, Glycine: A Review. ( Begum, PS; Rajagopal, S; Razak, MA; Viswanath, B, 2017) |
"However, treatment of hyperlipidemia with statins reduces the probability of a CV event." | 1.34 | Receptor for advanced glycation end products Glycine 82 Serine polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis. ( Carroll, L; Frazer, IH; Marwick, TH; Thomas, R; Turner, M, 2007) |
"Muraglitazar is an agonist at both of these receptors and has been shown to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decrease triglycerides and improve insulin sensitivity." | 1.33 | Muraglitazar: beneficial or detrimental in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes? ( Doggrell, SA, 2006) |
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 6 (13.04) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 2 (4.35) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 17 (36.96) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 10 (21.74) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 11 (23.91) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
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Singh, AK | 2 |
Carroll, K | 2 |
Perkovic, V | 2 |
Solomon, S | 2 |
Jha, V | 2 |
Johansen, KL | 2 |
Lopes, RD | 2 |
Macdougall, IC | 2 |
Obrador, GT | 2 |
Waikar, SS | 2 |
Wanner, C | 2 |
Wheeler, DC | 2 |
Więcek, A | 2 |
Blackorby, A | 2 |
Cizman, B | 2 |
Cobitz, AR | 2 |
Davies, R | 2 |
Dole, J | 1 |
Kler, L | 2 |
Meadowcroft, AM | 2 |
Zhu, X | 1 |
McMurray, JJV | 2 |
DiMino, TL | 1 |
Taft, L | 1 |
Patoulias, D | 1 |
Papadopoulos, C | 1 |
Doumas, M | 1 |
Yamamoto, S | 1 |
Sato, I | 1 |
Fujii, M | 1 |
Kakimoto, M | 1 |
Honma, K | 1 |
Akiyama, N | 1 |
Sakai, M | 1 |
Fukuhama, N | 1 |
Kumazaki, S | 1 |
Hirohata, S | 1 |
Kitamori, K | 1 |
Yamori, Y | 1 |
Watanabe, S | 1 |
Zhou, Q | 1 |
Mao, M | 1 |
Li, J | 1 |
Deng, F | 1 |
Takeshita, M | 1 |
Tabara, Y | 1 |
Setoh, K | 1 |
Nagao, K | 1 |
Imaizumi, A | 1 |
Kageyama, Y | 1 |
Matsuda, F | 1 |
Hanff, E | 1 |
Said, MY | 1 |
Kayacelebi, AA | 1 |
Post, A | 1 |
Minovic, I | 1 |
van den Berg, E | 1 |
de Borst, MH | 1 |
van Goor, H | 1 |
Bakker, SJL | 1 |
Tsikas, D | 1 |
Sharma, A | 2 |
Pagidipati, NJ | 1 |
Califf, RM | 1 |
McGuire, DK | 1 |
Green, JB | 1 |
Demets, D | 1 |
George, JT | 1 |
Gerstein, HC | 1 |
Hobbs, T | 1 |
Holman, RR | 1 |
Lawson, FC | 1 |
Leiter, LA | 1 |
Pfeffer, MA | 1 |
Reusch, J | 1 |
Riesmeyer, JS | 1 |
Roe, MT | 1 |
Rosenberg, Y | 1 |
Temple, R | 1 |
Wiviott, S | 1 |
McMurray, J | 1 |
Granger, C | 1 |
Kalliora, C | 1 |
Drosatos, K | 1 |
Eckardt, KU | 2 |
Agarwal, R | 2 |
Aswad, A | 1 |
Awad, A | 1 |
Block, GA | 2 |
Bacci, MR | 1 |
Farag, YMK | 2 |
Fishbane, S | 1 |
Hubert, H | 1 |
Jardine, A | 1 |
Khawaja, Z | 2 |
Koury, MJ | 2 |
Maroni, BJ | 2 |
Matsushita, K | 2 |
McCullough, PA | 2 |
Lewis, EF | 2 |
Luo, W | 2 |
Parfrey, PS | 2 |
Pergola, P | 1 |
Sarnak, MJ | 2 |
Spinowitz, B | 2 |
Tumlin, J | 2 |
Vargo, DL | 2 |
Walters, KA | 2 |
Winkelmayer, WC | 2 |
Wittes, J | 2 |
Zwiech, R | 1 |
Chertow, GM | 2 |
Pergola, PE | 1 |
Arnold, S | 1 |
Bako, G | 1 |
Burke, S | 1 |
Castillo, FP | 1 |
Jardine, AG | 1 |
Lin, T | 1 |
Roy-Chaudhury, P | 1 |
Tseng, C | 1 |
Nesci, S | 1 |
Rubattu, S | 1 |
Maccallini, C | 1 |
Mollica, A | 1 |
Amoroso, R | 1 |
Razak, MA | 1 |
Begum, PS | 1 |
Viswanath, B | 1 |
Rajagopal, S | 1 |
Venkatesh, R | 1 |
Srinivasan, K | 1 |
Singh, SA | 1 |
Moon, JM | 1 |
Chun, BJ | 1 |
Cho, YS | 1 |
Lee, SD | 1 |
Hong, YJ | 1 |
Shin, MH | 1 |
Jung, EJ | 1 |
Ryu, HH | 1 |
Ostojic, SM | 2 |
Trivic, T | 1 |
Drid, P | 1 |
Stajer, V | 1 |
Vranes, M | 2 |
Del Vecchio, L | 1 |
Locatelli, F | 1 |
Loncar, D | 1 |
Zenic, N | 1 |
Sekulic, D | 1 |
Hitzel, J | 1 |
Lee, E | 1 |
Zhang, Y | 1 |
Bibli, SI | 1 |
Li, X | 1 |
Zukunft, S | 1 |
Pflüger, B | 1 |
Hu, J | 1 |
Schürmann, C | 1 |
Vasconez, AE | 1 |
Oo, JA | 1 |
Kratzer, A | 1 |
Kumar, S | 1 |
Rezende, F | 1 |
Josipovic, I | 1 |
Thomas, D | 1 |
Giral, H | 1 |
Schreiber, Y | 1 |
Geisslinger, G | 1 |
Fork, C | 1 |
Yang, X | 1 |
Sigala, F | 1 |
Romanoski, CE | 1 |
Kroll, J | 1 |
Jo, H | 1 |
Landmesser, U | 1 |
Lusis, AJ | 1 |
Namgaladze, D | 1 |
Fleming, I | 1 |
Leisegang, MS | 1 |
Zhu, J | 1 |
Brandes, RP | 1 |
Gress, S | 1 |
Lemoine, S | 1 |
Séralini, GE | 1 |
Puddu, PE | 1 |
Haas, S | 1 |
Barbato, A | 1 |
Russo, P | 1 |
Venezia, A | 1 |
Strazzullo, V | 1 |
Siani, A | 1 |
Cappuccio, FP | 1 |
BEAVERS, WR | 1 |
COVINO, BG | 1 |
BORSOOK, H | 2 |
BORSOOK, ME | 2 |
GRAYBIEL, A | 1 |
PATTERSON, CA | 1 |
Di Giuseppe, D | 1 |
Frosali, S | 1 |
Priora, R | 1 |
Di Simplicio, FC | 1 |
Buonocore, G | 1 |
Cellesi, C | 1 |
Capecchi, PL | 1 |
Pasini, FL | 1 |
Lazzerini, PE | 1 |
Jakubowski, H | 1 |
Di Simplicio, P | 1 |
Maywald, U | 1 |
Schindler, C | 1 |
Li, Y | 2 |
Thijs, L | 2 |
Kuznetsova, T | 2 |
Zagato, L | 2 |
Struijker-Boudier, H | 1 |
Bianchi, G | 2 |
Staessen, JA | 2 |
Nissen, SE | 1 |
Wolski, K | 1 |
Topol, EJ | 1 |
Brophy, JM | 1 |
Yun, AJ | 1 |
Lee, PY | 1 |
Doux, JD | 1 |
Finkelstein, JB | 1 |
Parra, D | 1 |
Beckey, C | 1 |
Thomas, T | 1 |
Najman, DM | 1 |
Doggrell, SA | 1 |
Carroll, L | 1 |
Frazer, IH | 1 |
Turner, M | 1 |
Marwick, TH | 1 |
Thomas, R | 1 |
Tripodi, G | 1 |
Zerbini, G | 1 |
Richart, T | 1 |
Manunta, P | 1 |
Wang, JG | 1 |
Zee, RY | 1 |
Cheng, S | 1 |
Erlich, HA | 1 |
Lindpaintner, K | 1 |
Rifai, N | 1 |
Buring, JE | 1 |
Ridker, PM | 1 |
Andrade, F | 1 |
Rodríguez-Soriano, J | 1 |
Prieto, JA | 1 |
Elorz, J | 1 |
Aguirre, M | 1 |
Ariceta, G | 1 |
Martin, S | 1 |
Sanjurjo, P | 1 |
Aldámiz-Echevarría, L | 1 |
Gambaro, G | 1 |
Verlato, F | 1 |
Budakovic, A | 1 |
Casara, D | 1 |
Saladini, G | 1 |
Del Prete, D | 1 |
Bertaglia, G | 1 |
Masiero, M | 1 |
Checchetto, S | 1 |
Baggio, B | 1 |
Bartoloni, A | 1 |
Gottin, L | 1 |
Ficarra, V | 1 |
Capotosto, C | 1 |
Malossini, G | 1 |
Tallarigo, C | 1 |
Finco, G | 1 |
Talbot, AR | 1 |
Shiaw, MH | 1 |
Huang, JS | 1 |
Yang, SF | 1 |
Goo, TS | 1 |
Wang, SH | 1 |
Chen, CL | 1 |
Sanford, TR | 1 |
Bernstein, GT | 1 |
Loughlin, KR | 1 |
Gittes, RF | 1 |
Desmond, J | 1 |
Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A Phase 3 Randomized, Open-label (Sponsor-blind), Active-controlled, Parallel-group, Multi-center, Event Driven Study in Dialysis Subjects With Anemia Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Daprodustat Compared to Re[NCT02879305] | Phase 3 | 2,964 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-09-28 | Completed | ||
A Phase 3 Randomized, Open-label (Sponsor-blind), Active-controlled, Parallel-group, Multi-center, Event Driven Study in Non-dialysis Subjects With Anemia Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Daprodustat Compared t[NCT02876835] | Phase 3 | 3,872 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-09-27 | Completed | ||
Phase 3, Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Vadadustat for the Correction or Maintenance Treatment of Anemia in Subjects With Incident Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (DD-CKD) (INNO2VATE - [NCT02865850] | Phase 3 | 369 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-07-31 | Completed | ||
Phase 3, Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Vadadustat for the Maintenance Treatment of Anemia in Subjects With Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (DD-CKD) (INNO2VATE-CONVERSION)[NCT02892149] | Phase 3 | 3,554 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-08-31 | Completed | ||
Phase 3, Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Vadadustat for the Correction of Anemia in Subjects With Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD) (PRO2TECT-CORRECTION)[NCT02648347] | Phase 3 | 1,751 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-12-31 | Completed | ||
Phase 3, Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Vadadustat for the Maintenance Treatment of Anemia in Subjects With Non-dialysis-dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD) (PRO2TECT-CONVERSION)[NCT02680574] | Phase 3 | 1,725 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-02-29 | Completed | ||
The Effects of Glycine on Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome-related Parameters: A Clinical and Ex-vivo Study.[NCT03850314] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-03-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
The Effects of Medium-term Oral Guanidinoacetic Acid (GAA) Administration on Human Performance, Body Composition, and Metabolic Outcomes in Physically Active Men and Women[NCT01133899] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-03-31 | Completed | ||
Hypertension in High School Students: Genetic and Environmental Factors[NCT06049641] | 2,638 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2014-10-31 | Completed | |||
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] |
BP exacerbation was defined (based on post-dialysis) as: SBP >= 25 millimeter of mercury (mmHg) increased from Baseline or SBP >=180 mmHg; DBP >=15 mmHg increased from Baseline or DBP >=110 mmHg. The BP exacerbation events per 100 participant years was estimated using the negative binomial model with treatment, dialysis type and region as covariates and the logarithm of time on-treatment as an offset variable. Data for post-dialysis BP measurements have been presented. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Day 1 to end of study (3.9 person-years for follow-up time period)
Intervention | Events per 100 participant years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 207.13 |
rhEPO | 206.38 |
The EQ VAS records the respondent's self-rated health on a vertical VAS, ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst health one can imagine and 100 represents the best health one can imagine. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | -1.0 |
rhEPO | 0.8 |
EQ-5D-5L is self-assessment questionnaire,consisting of 5 items covering 5 dimensions (mobility,self care,usual activities,pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression). Each dimension is measured by 5-point Likert scale (1=no problems, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems and 5=extreme problems). Responses for 5 dimensions together formed a 5-figure description of health state (e.g.11111 indicates no problems in all 5 dimensions). Each of these 5 figure health states were converted to a single index score by applying country-specific value set formula that attaches weights to dimensions and levels. Range for EQ-5D-5L index score is -0.594 (worst health) to 1 (full health state). Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value-Baseline value. Baseline was latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | -0.0198 |
rhEPO | -0.0201 |
Blood samples were collected from participants for hemoglobin measurements. Change from Baseline was defined as post-Baseline value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. Analysis was performed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) model fitted from Baseline up to Week 52, excluding values collected during the stabilization period, with factors for treatment, time, dialysis type, region, Baseline hemoglobin and Baseline hemoglobin by time and treatment by time interactions. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52
Intervention | Grams per deciliter (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 0.26 |
rhEPO | 0.14 |
Average monthly IV iron dose (milligrams) per participant from Day 1 to Week 52 was determined by calculating the total IV iron dose per participant from treatment start date + 1 to the earliest of (Week 52 visit date, first blood (red blood cell [RBC] or whole blood) transfusion date, and treatment stop date + 1 day) which corresponds to the time while the participant was on randomized treatment and before receiving a blood transfusion. This total IV iron dose was divided by (the number of days from treatment start date + 1 to the earliest of (Week 52 visit date, first blood transfusion date (RBC or whole blood), and treatment stop date +1) / 30.4375 days). This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Week 52
Intervention | Milligrams (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 90.8 |
rhEPO | 99.9 |
Blood samples were collected from participants for hemoglobin measurements. Hemoglobin during the evaluation period was defined as the mean of all available post-randomization hemoglobin values (on and off-treatment) during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52). For the primary analysis, missing post-Baseline hemoglobin values were imputed using pre-specified multiple imputation methods. Change from Baseline was defined as post-Baseline value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52)
Intervention | Grams per deciliter (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 0.28 |
rhEPO | 0.10 |
Mean Hgb during the evaluation period was defined as the mean of all evaluable Hgb values during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52) including any evaluable unscheduled Hgb values that were taken during this time period. Hemoglobin responders were defined as participants with a mean Hgb during the evaluation period that falls within the Hgb analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Week 28 to Week 52
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 903 |
rhEPO | 866 |
BP exacerbation was defined as: SBP >= 25 mmHg increased from Baseline or SBP >=180 mmHg; DBP >=15 mmHg increased from Baseline or DBP >=110 mmHg. Number of participants with at least one BP exacerbation event is presented. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Day 1 to end of study (3.9 person-years for follow-up time period)
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 1191 |
rhEPO | 1186 |
Percentage of participants permanently stopping randomized treatment due to meeting rescue criteria has been presented. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Day 1 to 45.1 months
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 3.6 |
rhEPO | 3.6 |
Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during evaluation period is calculated as time in range during the evaluation period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, Week 52 visit date) - Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that between Week 16 and Week 52 inclusive, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Week 28 to Week 52
Intervention | Percentage of days (Median) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 60.9 |
rhEPO | 59.4 |
Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during evaluation period is calculated as time in range during the evaluation period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, Week 52 visit date) - Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that between Week 16 and Week 52 inclusive, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Week 28 to Week 52
Intervention | Percentage of days (Median) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 60.9 |
rhEPO | 59.4 |
Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the maintenance period (Week 28 to end of study), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during maintenance period is calculated as time in range during the maintenance period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, End of study date)- Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that is on or after week 16, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Week 28 to end of study (3.9 person-years for follow-up time period)
Intervention | Percentage of days (Median) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 60.9 |
rhEPO | 57.7 |
Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the maintenance period (Week 28 to end of study), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during maintenance period is calculated as time in range during the maintenance period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, End of study date)- Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that is on or after week 16, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Week 28 to end of study (3.9 person-years for follow-up time period)
Intervention | Percentage of days (Median) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 60.9 |
rhEPO | 57.7 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated all-cause mortality was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the vital status for follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for vital status follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 8.32 |
rhEPO | 8.59 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated CV mortality was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 3.31 |
rhEPO | 3.46 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated CV mortality or non-fatal MI was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 5.98 |
rhEPO | 6.79 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated hospitalization for heart failure was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 3.30 |
rhEPO | 3.01 |
Time to MACE defined as the time to first occurrence of CEC adjudicated MACE was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariate. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 11.07 |
rhEPO | 11.86 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 12.98 |
rhEPO | 13.38 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure or thromboembolic events were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 17.74 |
rhEPO | 19.50 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MACE or thromboembolic event (vascular access thrombosis, symptomatic deep vein thrombosis or symptomatic pulmonary embolism) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 15.84 |
rhEPO | 17.85 |
Time to MACE defined as the time to first occurrence of Clinical Events Committee (CEC) adjudicated MACE (composite of all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction [MI] and non-fatal stroke) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) plus (+) 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100 multiplied by [*] number of participants with at least 1 event) divided by [/] first event person-years) is presented along with 95 percent (%) confidence interval (CI). First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 11.07 |
rhEPO | 11.86 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MI (fatal and non-fatal) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 3.34 |
rhEPO | 4.08 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated stroke (fatal and non-fatal) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 1.23 |
rhEPO | 1.48 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated thromboembolic events were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 5.66 |
rhEPO | 6.75 |
All-cause hospital re-admissions within 30days are defined as hospital admissions recorded on hospitalization eCRF with hospitalization duration of >=24 hours and admission date within 30days following previous discharge date of all-cause hospitalization event, where previous hospitalization was >=24 hours. Time to first occurrence of all-cause hospital re-admission within 30days was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date)+1. Incidence rate per 100person years calculated as(100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event+cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 8.86 |
rhEPO | 9.67 |
All-cause hospitalization events were hospital admissions recorded on the Hospitalization electronic case report form (eCRF) with a hospitalization duration >=24 hours. Time to first occurrence of all-cause hospitalization was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 43.92 |
rhEPO | 46.03 |
The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). MCS is an average score derived from 4 domains (vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and mental health) representing overall mental health. MCS ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 8, n=982,936 | Week 12, n=990,943 | Week 28, n=836,819 | Week 52, n=729,707 | |
Daprodustat | -0.38 | -0.55 | -1.25 | -1.63 |
rhEPO | -0.21 | -0.72 | -1.23 | -1.03 |
The PGI-S is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of disease severity on a 5-point disease severity scale (0=absent, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, or 4=very severe). A higher score indicated worse outcome. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 8, n=1102,1064 | Week 12, n=1102,1073 | Week 28, n=934,933 | Week 52, n=826,814 | |
Daprodustat | -0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
rhEPO | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.11 |
The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). The PCS is an average score derived from 4 domains (physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain and general health) representing overall physical health. PCS ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 8, n=982,936 | Week 12, n=990,943 | Week 28, n=836,819 | Week 52, n=729,707 | |
Daprodustat | 0.30 | 0.33 | -0.23 | -0.52 |
rhEPO | 0.01 | -0.27 | -0.57 | -1.05 |
The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). Physical functioning score ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus (-) Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 8, n=982,936 | Week 12, n=990,943 | Week 28, n=836,819 | Week 52, n=729,707 | |
Daprodustat | 0.48 | 0.11 | -0.20 | -0.61 |
rhEPO | -0.16 | -0.45 | -0.97 | -1.19 |
The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: bodily pain, general health, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning (Social fun), physical functioning (Phy. fun) and vitality. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). Each domain score ranges from 0 to 100, higher score indicates a better health state and better functioning. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bodily pain: Week 8, n=982,936 | Bodily pain: Week 12, n=990,943 | Bodily pain: Week 28, n=836,819 | Bodily pain: Week 52, n=729,707 | General health: Week 8, n=982,936 | General health: Week 12, n=990,943 | General health: Week 28, n=836,819 | General health: Week 52, n=729,707 | Mental health: Week 8, n=982,936 | Mental health: Week 12, n=990,943 | Mental health: Week 28, n=836,819 | Mental health: Week 52, n=729,707 | Role-emotional: Week 8, n=982,936 | Role-emotional: Week 12, n=990,943 | Role-emotional: Week 28, n=836,819 | Role-emotional: Week 52, n=729,707 | Role-physical: Week 8, n=982,936 | Role-physical: Week 12, n=990,943 | Role-physical: Week 28, n=836,819 | Role-physical: Week 52, n=729,707 | Social functioning: Week 8, n=982,936 | Social functioning: Week 12, n=990,943 | Social functioning: Week 28, n=836,819 | Social functioning: Week 52, n=729,707 | |
Daprodustat | -0.13 | 0.20 | -0.70 | -1.12 | -0.39 | -0.59 | -1.32 | -1.51 | -0.43 | -0.86 | -1.30 | -1.97 | -0.10 | -0.17 | -0.95 | -0.83 | 0.40 | 0.48 | -0.10 | -0.21 | 0.24 | 0.25 | -0.61 | -1.12 |
rhEPO | 0.12 | -0.39 | -0.74 | -1.39 | -0.65 | -1.04 | -0.99 | -1.22 | -0.47 | -0.81 | -1.43 | -1.16 | -0.02 | -0.53 | -0.90 | -0.92 | 0.32 | 0.08 | -0.39 | -0.60 | 0.38 | -0.44 | -0.94 | -1.14 |
The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). Vitality score ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 8, n=982,936 | Week 12, n=990,943 | Week 28, n=836,819 | Week 52, n=729,707 | |
Daprodustat | -0.23 | -0.17 | -0.79 | -1.19 |
rhEPO | -0.26 | -0.51 | -1.03 | -1.04 |
SBP, DBP and MAP were measured in a semi-supine or seated position in the dialysis chair after at least a 5-minutes of rest. MAP is an average BP in an individual's arteries during a single cardiac cycle. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. This analysis was carried out by using ANCOVA model with terms for treatment group, dialysis type, region and Baseline value. Data for post-dialysis BP measurements have been presented. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week -4) and 45.1 months
Intervention | Millimeter of mercury (Least Squares Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
SBP | DBP | MAP | |
Daprodustat | -0.43 | -0.92 | -0.75 |
rhEPO | -0.43 | -1.37 | -1.06 |
SBP, DBP and MAP were measured in a semi-supine or seated position in the dialysis chair after at least a 5-minutes of rest. MAP is the average BP in an individual's arteries during a single cardiac cycle. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. Analysis was performed using MMRM model with treatment group + time + dialysis type + region + Baseline value + Baseline value*time + treatment group*time, using an unstructured covariance matrix. Data for post-dialysis BP measurements have been presented. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week -4) and Week 52
Intervention | Millimeter of mercury (Least Squares Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
SBP | DBP | MAP | |
Daprodustat | -0.61 | -1.04 | -0.89 |
rhEPO | -0.93 | -0.58 | -0.71 |
Number of participants with adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure (recurrent events analysis) is presented, categorized by number of occurrences of adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure per participant. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Occurrences per participant: 0 | Occurrences per participant: 1 | Occurrences per participant: 2 | Occurrences per participant: 3 | Occurrences per participant: 4 | Occurrences per participant: 5 | Occurrences per participant: 6 | Occurrences per participant: 7 | Occurrences per participant: 8 | Occurrences per participant: 9 | Occurrences per participant: 10 | |
Daprodustat | 1062 | 315 | 72 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
rhEPO | 1044 | 300 | 88 | 22 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
BP exacerbation event (based on post-dialysis) was defined as: SBP >= 25 millimeter of mercury (mmHg) increased from Baseline or SBP >=180 mmHg; DBP >=15 mmHg increased from Baseline or DBP >=110 mmHg. The BP exacerbation events per 100 participant years was estimated using the negative binomial model with treatment, current ESA use at randomization and region as covariates and the logarithm of time on-treatment as an offset variable. Data for post-dialysis BP measurements have been presented. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Day 1 to end of treatment (51.1 months)
Intervention | Events per 100 participant years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 138.50 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 157.35 |
The EQ VAS records the respondent's self-rated health on a vertical VAS, ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst imaginable health and 100 represents the best imaginable health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | -0.7 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | -1.4 |
EQ-5D-5L is self-assessment questionnaire, consisting of 5 items covering 5 dimensions (mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression). Each dimension is measured by 5-point Likert scale (1=no problems, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems and 5=extreme problems). Responses for 5 dimensions together formed a 5-figure description of health state (e.g.11111 indicates no problems in all 5 dimensions). Each of these 5 figure health states were converted to a single index score by applying country-specific value set formula that attaches weights to dimensions and levels. Range for EQ-5D-5L index score is -0.594 (worst health) to 1 (full health state). Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | -0.0253 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | -0.0018 |
Blood samples were collected to analyze estimated glomerular filtration rate. Change from Baseline was calculated as post-Baseline visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52
Intervention | mL per minute per 1.73 square meter (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | -2.88 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | -2.67 |
Blood samples were collected from participants for Hgb measurements. Change from Baseline was defined as post-randomization value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. Analysis was performed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) model fitted from Baseline up to Week 52, excluding values collected during the stabilization period, with factors for treatment, time, current ESA use, region, Baseline Hgb and Baseline Hgb by time and treatment by time interactions. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52
Intervention | Grams per deciliter (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 0.76 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 0.73 |
Blood samples were collected from participants for Hgb measurements. Hgb during the evaluation period was defined as the mean of all available post-randomization Hgb values (on and off-treatment) during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52). For the primary analysis missing post-Baseline Hgb values were imputed using pre-specified multiple imputation methods. Change from Baseline was defined as post-Baseline value minus (-) Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. Analysis was performed using the Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with terms for treatment, Baseline Hgb, current ESA use and region. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52)
Intervention | Grams per deciliter (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 0.74 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 0.66 |
Mean Hgb during the evaluation period was defined as the mean of all evaluable Hgb values during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52) including any evaluable unscheduled Hgb values that were taken during this time period. Hgb responders were defined as participants with a mean Hgb during the evaluation period that falls within the Hgb analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Week 28 to Week 52
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 1167 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 1063 |
BP exacerbation was defined as: SBP >= 25 mmHg increased from Baseline or SBP >=180 mmHg; DBP >=15 mmHg increased from Baseline or DBP >=110 mmHg. Number of participants with at least one BP exacerbation event is presented. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Day 1 to end of treatment (51.1 months)
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 939 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 1012 |
Percentage of participants permanently stopping randomized treatment due to meeting rescue criteria has been presented. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Day 1 to 51.1 months
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 2.0 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 3.3 |
Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the maintenance period (Week 28 to end of study), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during maintenance period is calculated as time in range during the maintenance period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, End of study date)- Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that is on or after week 16, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Week 28 to end of study (4.3 person-years for follow-up time period)
Intervention | Percentage of days (Median) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 66.1 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 62.1 |
Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during evaluation period is calculated as time in range during the evaluation period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, Week 52 visit date) - Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that between Week 16 and Week 52 inclusive, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Week 28 to Week 52
Intervention | Percentage of days (Median) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 70.5 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 63.2 |
Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during evaluation period is calculated as time in range during the evaluation period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, Week 52 visit date) - Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that between Week 16 and Week 52 inclusive, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Week 28 to Week 52
Intervention | Percentage of days (Median) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 70.5 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 63.2 |
Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the maintenance period (Week 28 to end of study), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during maintenance period is calculated as time in range during the maintenance period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, End of study date)- Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that is on or after week 16, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Week 28 to end of study (4.3 person-years for follow-up time period)
Intervention | Percentage of days (Median) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 66.1 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 62.1 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated all-cause mortality was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the vital status follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for vital status follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 8.35 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 8.27 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated CV mortality was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 3.02 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 2.55 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated CV mortality or non-fatal MI was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 5.36 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 4.98 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated hospitalization for heart failure was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 4.05 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 3.30 |
Time to MACE defined as the time to first occurrence of CEC adjudicated MACE was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariate. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 10.86 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 10.63 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 13.16 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 12.22 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure or thromboembolic events were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 14.60 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 13.32 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MACE or thromboembolic event (vascular access thrombosis, symptomatic deep vein thrombosis or symptomatic pulmonary embolism) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 12.34 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 11.77 |
Time to MACE defined as time to first occurrence of Clinical Events Committee (CEC) adjudicated MACE (composite of all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction [MI] and non-fatal stroke) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) use at randomization and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) plus (+) 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100 multiplied [*] number of participants with at least 1 event) divided by [/] first event person-years) is presented along with 95 percent (%) confidence interval (CI). First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 10.86 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 10.63 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MI (fatal and non-fatal) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 2.94 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 2.76 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated stroke (fatal and non-fatal) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 1.26 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 0.95 |
Time to first occurrence of adjudicated thromboembolic events were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 1.81 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 1.43 |
All-cause hospital re-admissions within 30days are defined as hospital admissions recorded on hospitalization electronic case record form with hospitalization duration of >=24 hours and admission date within 30days following previous discharge date of all-cause hospitalization event, where previous hospitalization was >=24hours.Time to first occurrence of all-cause hospital re-admission within 30days was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization and region as covariates.Time to the first occurrence was computed as(event date - randomization date)+1. Incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as(100*number of participants with at least 1event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event+cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 7.78 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 7.55 |
All-cause hospitalization events were hospital admissions recorded on the hospitalization electronic case report form (eCRF) form with a hospitalization duration >=24 hours. Time to first occurrence of all-cause hospitalization was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 41.13 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 38.99 |
Time to first occurrence of chronic dialysis was analyzed using a Fine & Gray's proportional subdistribution hazard regression model with treatment group, Baseline ESA use and region as covariates. Chronic dialysis is defined by either initiating dialysis for >=90 days or not initiating chronic dialysis when dialysis is indicated. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date)+1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 12.20 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 12.06 |
Progression of CKD defined as: 40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from Baseline or end stage renal disease (ESRD) as defined by either initiating chronic dialysis for >=90 days or not initiating chronic dialysis when dialysis is indicated or kidney transplantation. Time to first occurrence of CKD progression was analyzed using Fine and Gray's proportional subdistribution hazard regression model with treatment group, Baseline ESA use and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) +1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event+cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 17.55 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 17.76 |
Time to first occurrence of confirmed 40% decline in eGFR was analyzed using a Fine & Gray's proportional subdistribution hazard regression model with treatment group, Baseline ESA use and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date)+1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 8.21 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 8.90 |
Time to first occurrence of kidney transplant were analyzed using a Fine & Gray's proportional subdistribution hazard regression model with treatment group, Baseline ESA use and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date)+1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Events per 100 person years (Number) |
---|---|
Daprodustat | 1.00 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 1.14 |
CKD-AQ is 21-item patient reported outcome measure assessing symptoms and symptom impact in participants with anemia associated with CKD. It had 3 domains: 1.Tired/Low Energy (LE)/Weak scale consisting of 10 items; 2.Chest Pain (CP)/Shortness of Breath (SOB) scale consisting of 4 items; and 3.Cognitive (Cog) scale consisting of 3 items. The 4 CKD-AQ single items are: shortness of breath, no activity; severity-short breath (S-SB), resting; difficulty standing (diff. std.)for long time (LT) and difficulty sleeping (diff sleep). Single-item were recorded based on a 0-100 scoring with 0=worst possible and 100=best possible score. Three domains scores were calculated as average of items in each domain and ranged from 0-100 where 0=worst possible and 100=best possible score. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tired/Low energy/Weak domain: Week 8,n=1340,1294 | Tired/Low energy/Weak domain: Week 12,n=1341,1360 | Tired/Low energy/Weak domain: Week 28,n=1053,1047 | Tired/Low energy/Weak domain: Week 52,n=870,865 | Chest pain/SOB domain: Week 8,n=1340,1294 | Chest pain/ SOB domain: Week 12,n=1341,1360 | Chest pain/ SOB domain: Week 28,n=1053,1047 | Chest pain/ SOB domain: Week 52,n=870,865 | Cognitive domain: Week 8,n=1340,1294 | Cognitive domain: Week 12,n=1341,1360 | Cognitive domain: Week 28,n=1053,1047 | Cognitive domain: Week 52,n=870,865 | SOB, no activity: Week 8,n=1340,1294 | SOB, no activity: Week 12,n=1341,1360 | SOB, no activity: Week 28,n=1053,1047 | SOB, no activity: Week 52,n=870,865 | Severity-short breath, Resting: Week 8,n=1340,1294 | Severity-short breath, Resting:Week 12,n=1341,1360 | Severity-short breath, Resting:Week 28,n=1053,1047 | Severity-short breath, Resting:Week 52,n=870,865 | Diff std for long time: Week 8,n=1340,1294 | Diff std for long time: Week 12,n=1341,1360 | Diff std for long time: Week 28,n=1053,1047 | Diff std for long time: Week 52,n=870,865 | Difficulty sleeping: Week 8,n=1340,1294 | Difficulty sleeping: Week 12,n=1341,1360 | Difficulty sleeping: Week 28,n=1053,1047 | Difficulty sleeping: Week 52,n=870,865 | |
Daprodustat | 1.72 | 2.11 | 1.27 | 0.20 | 0.63 | 0.88 | 0.01 | -0.71 | 0.13 | -0.17 | -0.40 | -2.00 | -0.1 | 0.1 | -1.1 | -1.7 | -0.3 | -0.3 | -1.1 | -2.0 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.4 | -2.1 | 1.6 | 0.5 | -0.7 | -2.6 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 2.94 | 3.08 | 1.87 | 1.77 | 1.83 | 1.53 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 0.89 | 1.01 | 0.37 | -0.35 | 1.0 | 0.4 | -0.2 | -1.6 | 0.8 | 0.0 | -0.7 | -0.5 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 2.0 | -0.3 | -0.3 |
The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). MCS is an average score derived from 4 domains (vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and mental health) representing overall mental health. MCS ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 8, n=1238,1187 | Week 12, n=1237,1227 | Week 28, n=968,956 | Week 52, n=804,780 | |
Daprodustat | 0.08 | 0.02 | -0.35 | -0.71 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 0.37 | 0.18 | -0.02 | -0.35 |
The PGI-S is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of disease severity on a 5-point disease severity scale (0=absent, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, or 4=very severe). A higher score indicated more disease severity. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 8, n=1341,1295 | Week 12, n=1341,1362 | Week 28, n=1054,1051 | Week 52, n=871,865 | |
Daprodustat | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.11 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | -0.02 | -0.02 | 0.09 | 0.06 |
The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). The PCS is an average score derived from 4 domains (physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain and general health) representing overall physical health. PCS ranges from 0 to 100; higher score represents better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 8, n=1238,1187 | Week 12, n=1237,1227 | Week 28, n=968,956 | Week 52, n=804,780 | |
Daprodustat | 0.42 | 0.60 | 0.16 | -0.32 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 0.78 | 0.71 | 0.04 | -0.12 |
The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). Physical functioning score ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 8, n=1238,1187 | Week 12, n=1237,1227 | Week 28, n=968,956 | Week 52, n=804,780 | |
Daprodustat | 0.51 | 0.65 | 0.05 | -0.69 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 0.83 | 0.52 | -0.10 | -0.37 |
The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: bodily pain (b pain), general health (GH), mental health (MH), role-emotional (RE) (role limitations caused by emotional problems), role-physical (RP) (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning (SF), physical functioning and vitality. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). Each domain score ranges from 0 to 100, higher score indicates a better health state and better functioning. Change from Baseline (BL) was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bodily pain: Week 8, n=1238,1187 | Bodily pain: Week 12, n=1237,1227 | Bodily pain: Week 28, n=968,956 | Bodily pain: Week 52, n=804,780 | General health: Week 8, n=1238,1187 | General health: Week 12, n=1237,1227 | General health: Week 28, n=968,956 | General health: Week 52, n=804,780 | Mental health: Week 8, n=1238,1187 | Mental health: Week 12, n=1237,1227 | Mental health: Week 28, n=968,956 | Mental health: Week 52, n=804,780 | Role-emotional: Week 8, n=1238,1187 | Role-emotional: Week 12, n=1237,1227 | Role-emotional: Week 28, n=968,956 | Role-emotional: Week 52, n=804,780 | Role-physical: Week 8, n=1238,1187 | Role-physical: Week 12, n=1237,1227 | Role-physical: Week 28, n=968,956 | Role-physical: Week 52, n=804,780 | Social functioning: Week 8, n=1238,1187 | Social functioning: Week 12, n=1237,1227 | Social functioning: Week 28, n=968,956 | Social functioning: Week 52, n=804,780 | |
Daprodustat | 0.11 | 0.35 | -0.48 | -0.34 | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.14 | -0.27 | -0.19 | -0.07 | -0.67 | -0.85 | 0.45 | 0.17 | -0.30 | -0.90 | 0.33 | 0.40 | 0.06 | -0.63 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.04 | -0.58 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.04 | -0.19 | 0.12 | -0.09 | -0.37 | -0.61 | 0.54 | 0.43 | 0.07 | -0.38 | 0.83 | 0.73 | 0.00 | -0.44 | 0.82 | 0.53 | 0.17 | -0.20 |
The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). Vitality score ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52
Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 8, n=1238,1187 | Week 12, n=1237,1227 | Week 28, n=968,956 | Week 52, n=804,780 | |
Daprodustat | 0.35 | 0.62 | 0.22 | -0.14 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 0.90 | 0.74 | 0.32 | 0.35 |
SBP, DBP and MAP were measured in a seated position after at least a 5-minutes of rest. MAP is an average BP in an individual's arteries during a single cardiac cycle. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. Analysis was performed using ANCOVA model with terms for treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, region and Baseline value. Data for post-dialysis BP measurements have been presented. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week -4) and 51.1 months
Intervention | Millimeter of mercury (Least Squares Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
SBP, n=1919, 1884 | DBP, n=1918, 1884 | MAP, n=1918, 1884 | |
Daprodustat | -1.19 | -0.26 | -0.57 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | -1.10 | -0.38 | -0.62 |
SBP, DBP and MAP were measured in a seated position after at least a 5-minutes of rest. MAP is the average (BP) in an individual's arteries during a single cardiac cycle. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. Analysis was performed using MMRM model with treatment group + time + current ESA use at randomization + region + Baseline value + Baseline value*time + treatment group*time, using an unstructured covariance matrix. Data for post-dialysis BP measurements have been presented. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week -4) and Week 52
Intervention | Millimeter of mercury (Least Squares Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
SBP, n=1913, 1884 | DBP, n=1912, 1884 | MAP, n=1912, 1884 | |
Daprodustat | -0.62 | 0.06 | -0.17 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | -1.17 | -0.59 | -0.77 |
Number of participants with adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure (recurrent events analysis) is presented, categorized by number of occurrences of adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure per participant. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Occurrences per participant: 0 | Occurrences per participant: 1 | Occurrences per participant: 2 | Occurrences per participant: 3 | Occurrences per participant: 4 | Occurrences per participant: 5 | Occurrences per participant: 6 | Occurrences per participant: 7 | Occurrences per participant: 8 | |
Daprodustat | 1493 | 318 | 76 | 26 | 14 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 1518 | 317 | 64 | 22 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Secondary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 40 to 52. Analysis was conducted using an ANCOVA model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<9.5 versus ≥9.5 g/dL), geographic region (US versus EU versus ROW), and NYHA CHF class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 40 to 52
Intervention | g/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 1.42 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 1.50 |
The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Primary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 24 to 36. Analysis was conducted using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<9.5 versus ≥9.5 g/dL), geographic region (United States [US] versus European Union [EU] versus Rest of World [ROW]), and New York Heart Association congestive heart failure (NYHA CHF) class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 24 to 36
Intervention | Grams per deciliter (g/dL) (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 1.26 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 1.58 |
"Only events that were positively adjudicated and confirmed by the EAC were included in the MACE analyses. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0016 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Up to 176 weeks
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 31.71 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 45.36 |
"Cardiovascular death included EAC adjudicated fatal MI, pump failure, sudden death, presumed sudden death, fatal stroke, fatal pulmonary embolism, cardiovascular procedure-related death, other cardiovascular death, and presumed cardiovascular death. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0016 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Up to 176 weeks
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 22.00 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 58.14 |
"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Cardiovascular MACE analysis differed from the primary MACE endpoint as it included only deaths adjudicated by the EAC as cardiovascular deaths (i.e, only EAC-confirmed cardiovascular deaths) in addition to first events of non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0016 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Up to 176 weeks
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 18.50 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 54.07 |
"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Hospitalization for EAC adjudicated heart failure included presentation of participants to an acute care facility requiring an overnight hospitalization (change in calendar day) with an exacerbation of heart failure requiring treatment. EAC confirmed thromboembolic events for this secondary outcome measure included arterial thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0016 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Up to 176 weeks
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 27.14 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 47.00 |
"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke. The primary safety outcome was positively adjudicated first MACE, which was defined as any death, Endpoint Adjudication Committee (EAC)-confirmed non-fatal MI, or EAC-confirmed non-fatal stroke occurring between the first dose date and each participant's last participation date. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0016 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Up to 176 weeks
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 26.21 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 46.64 |
The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Secondary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 40 to 52. Analysis was conducted using an ANCOVA model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<10.0 versus ≥10.0 g/dL), geographic region (US versus EU versus ROW), and NYHA CHF class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 40 to 52
Intervention | g/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 0.23 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 0.41 |
The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Primary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 24 to 36. Analysis was conducted using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<10.0 versus ≥10.0 g/dL), geographic region (United States [US] versus European Union [EU] versus Rest of World [ROW]), and New York Heart Association congestive heart failure (NYHA CHF) class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 24 to 36
Intervention | Grams per deciliter (g/dL) (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 0.19 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 0.36 |
"Only events that were positively adjudicated and confirmed by the EAC were included in the MACE analyses. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Up to 170 weeks
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 50.79 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 50.43 |
"Cardiovascular death included EAC adjudicated fatal MI, pump failure, sudden death, presumed sudden death, fatal stroke, fatal pulmonary embolism, cardiovascular procedure-related death, other cardiovascular death, and presumed cardiovascular death. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Up to 170 weeks
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 46.14 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 47.64 |
"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Cardiovascular MACE analysis differed from the primary MACE endpoint as it included only deaths adjudicated by the EAC as cardiovascular deaths (i.e, only EAC-confirmed cardiovascular deaths) in addition to first events of non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Up to 170 weeks
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 44.57 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 43.57 |
"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Hospitalization for EAC adjudicated heart failure included presentation of participants to an acute care facility requiring an overnight hospitalization (change in calendar day) with an exacerbation of heart failure requiring treatment. EAC confirmed thromboembolic events for this secondary outcome measure included arterial thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Up to 170 weeks
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 43.29 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 45.21 |
"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke. The primary safety outcome was positively adjudicated first MACE, which was defined as any death, Endpoint Adjudication Committee (EAC)-confirmed non-fatal MI, or EAC-confirmed non-fatal stroke occurring between the first dose date and each participant's last participation date. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Up to 170 weeks
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 48.86 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 48.00 |
The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Secondary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 40 to 52. Analysis was conducted using an ANCOVA model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline Hb concentration (<9.5 versus ≥9.5 g/dL), geographic region (US versus EU versus ROW), and NYHA CHF class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 40 to 52
Intervention | g/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 1.52 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 1.48 |
The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Primary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 24 to 36. Analysis was conducted using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline Hb concentration (<9.5 versus ≥9.5 grams per deciliter [g/dL]), geographic region (United States [US] versus European Union [EU] versus Rest of World [ROW]), and New York Heart Association congestive heart failure (NYHA CHF) class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 24 to 36
Intervention | g/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 1.43 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 1.38 |
"Only events that were positively adjudicated and confirmed by the EAC were included in the MACE analyses. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0014 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 46.57 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 47.79 |
"Cardiovascular death included EAC adjudicated fatal MI, pump failure, sudden death, presumed sudden death, fatal stroke, fatal pulmonary embolism, cardiovascular procedure-related death, other cardiovascular death, and presumed cardiovascular death. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0014 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 48.29 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 41.86 |
"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Cardiovascular MACE analysis differed from the primary MACE endpoint as it included only deaths adjudicated by the EAC as cardiovascular deaths (i.e, only EAC-confirmed cardiovascular deaths) in addition to first events of non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0014 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 45.86 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 41.86 |
"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Hospitalization for EAC adjudicated heart failure included presentation of participants to an acute care facility requiring an overnight hospitalization (change in calendar day) with an exacerbation of heart failure requiring treatment. EAC confirmed thromboembolic events for this secondary outcome measure included arterial thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0014 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 37.64 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 41.43 |
"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke. The primary safety outcome was positively adjudicated first MACE, which was defined as any death, Endpoint Adjudication Committee (EAC)-confirmed non-fatal MI, or EAC-confirmed non-fatal stroke occurring between the first dose date and each participant's last participation date. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0014 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 45.71 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 46.71 |
The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Secondary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 40 to 52. Analysis was conducted using an ANCOVA model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<10.0 versus ≥10.0 g/dL), geographic region (US versus EU versus ROW), and NYHA CHF class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 40 to 52
Intervention | g/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 0.43 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 0.44 |
The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Primary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 24 to 36. Analysis was conducted using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<10.0 versus ≥10.0 g/dL), geographic region (United States [US] versus European Union [EU] versus Rest of World [ROW]), and New York Heart Association congestive heart failure (NYHA CHF) class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 24 to 36
Intervention | Grams per deciliter (g/dL) (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 0.41 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 0.42 |
"Only events that were positively adjudicated and confirmed by the EAC were included in the MACE analyses. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 57.71 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 62.14 |
"Cardiovascular death included EAC adjudicated fatal MI, pump failure, sudden death, presumed sudden death, fatal stroke, fatal pulmonary embolism, cardiovascular procedure-related death, other cardiovascular death, and presumed cardiovascular death. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 48.29 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 54.21 |
"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Cardiovascular MACE analysis differed from the primary MACE endpoint as it included only deaths adjudicated by the EAC as cardiovascular deaths (i.e, only EAC-confirmed cardiovascular deaths) in addition to first events of non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 45.57 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 50.29 |
"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Hospitalization for EAC adjudicated heart failure included presentation of participants to an acute care facility requiring an overnight hospitalization (change in calendar day) with an exacerbation of heart failure requiring treatment. EAC confirmed thromboembolic events for this secondary outcome measure included arterial thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 48.29 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 49.29 |
"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke. The primary safety outcome was positively adjudicated first MACE, which was defined as any death, Endpoint Adjudication Committee (EAC)-confirmed non-fatal MI, or EAC-confirmed non-fatal stroke occurring between the first dose date and each participant's last participation date. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208
Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
---|---|
Vadadustat | 53.21 |
Darbepoetin Alfa | 58.00 |
8 reviews available for glycine and Cardiovascular Diseases
Article | Year |
---|---|
Meta-Analysis Addressing the Cardiovascular Safety of Daprodustat in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Dialysis or Not.
Topics: Barbiturates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Humans; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic | 2022 |
The efficacy and safety of roxadustat for anemia in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Glycine; Hematinics; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; R | 2023 |
The Glitazars Paradox: Cardiotoxicity of the Metabolically Beneficial Dual PPARα and PPARγ Activation.
Topics: Alkanesulfonates; Animals; Cardiotoxicity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energ | 2020 |
The ATP synthase glycine zipper of the c subunits: From the structural to the functional role in mitochondrial biology of cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Aminomethyltransferase; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Humans; Mitochondria; Models, Molecular; P | 2021 |
The Positive Regulation of eNOS Signaling by PPAR Agonists in Cardiovascular Diseases.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Humans; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Oxazoles; Peroxis | 2017 |
Multifarious Beneficial Effect of Nonessential Amino Acid, Glycine: A Review.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Glycine; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Meta | 2017 |
Glyphosate-based herbicides potently affect cardiovascular system in mammals: review of the literature.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Glycine; Glyphosate; Herbicides; Humans | 2015 |
Medical indications and considerations for future clinical decision making.
Topics: Azetidines; Benzylamines; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Protocols; Clinical Trials as Topic; Gly | 2003 |
5 trials available for glycine and Cardiovascular Diseases
Article | Year |
---|---|
Daprodustat for the Treatment of Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis.
Topics: Aged; Anemia; Barbiturates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Epoetin Alfa; Female; Glycine | 2021 |
Daprodustat for the Treatment of Anemia in Patients Not Undergoing Dialysis.
Topics: Aged; Anemia; Barbiturates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hematinics; | 2021 |
Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat for Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis.
Topics: Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hematinics; Hemoglobins; H | 2021 |
Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat for Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis.
Topics: Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hematinics; Hemoglobins; H | 2021 |
Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat for Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis.
Topics: Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hematinics; Hemoglobins; H | 2021 |
Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat for Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis.
Topics: Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hematinics; Hemoglobins; H | 2021 |
Vadadustat in Patients with Anemia and Non-Dialysis-Dependent CKD.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hema | 2021 |
Vadadustat in Patients with Anemia and Non-Dialysis-Dependent CKD.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hema | 2021 |
Vadadustat in Patients with Anemia and Non-Dialysis-Dependent CKD.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hema | 2021 |
Vadadustat in Patients with Anemia and Non-Dialysis-Dependent CKD.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hema | 2021 |
Effects of Guanidinoacetic Acid Loading on Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk and Inflammation.
Topics: Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Dietary Supplements; Fema | 2018 |
33 other studies available for glycine and Cardiovascular Diseases
Article | Year |
---|---|
Increased Glycine-conjugated and Unconjugated Bile Acid Levels Associated with Aggravation of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Cardiovascular Disease in SHRSP5/Dmcr Rat.
Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; | 2023 |
Development of a plasma-free amino acid-based risk score for the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in a general population: The Nagahama study.
Topics: Amines; Cardiovascular Diseases; Citrulline; Female; Glycine; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; | 2023 |
High plasma guanidinoacetate-to-homoarginine ratio is associated with high all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rate in adult renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Follow-Up Stu | 2019 |
Impact of Regulatory Guidance on Evaluating Cardiovascular Risk of New Glucose-Lowering Therapies to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Lessons Learned and Future Directions.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; | 2020 |
Effect of arginine:lysine and glycine:methionine intake ratios on dyslipidemia and selected biomarkers implicated in cardiovascular disease: A study with hypercholesterolemic rats.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Amino Acids; Animals; Arginine; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseas | 2017 |
Cardiovascular Effects and Fatality May Differ According to the Formulation of Glyphosate Salt Herbicide.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonium Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Cross-Sectional Stu | 2018 |
Roxadustat in the treatment of anaemia in chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Anemia; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Erythropoietin; Glycine; Hematinics; Humans; Isoquinolines | 2018 |
Guanidinoacetic Acid and Creatine are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Healthy Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Chroma | 2018 |
Oxidized phospholipids regulate amino acid metabolism through MTHFD2 to facilitate nucleotide release in endothelial cells.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminohydrolases; Animals; Aorta; Atherosclerosis; Bayes Theorem; Cardiovascular Disease | 2018 |
Analysis of Gly40Ser polymorphism of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) gene in different ethnic groups.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Black People; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Female | 2003 |
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) as an antifibrillary agent in hypotermia.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Glycine Agents; Hypothermia; Ventricular Fibrillation | 1957 |
The biochemical basis of betaine-glycocyamine therapy.
Topics: Betaine; Biochemical Phenomena; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatine; Glycine; Humans | 1951 |
Treatment of cardiac decompensation with betaine and glycocyamine.
Topics: Betaine; Biochemical Phenomena; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatine; Glycine; Heart Failure; Humans | 1951 |
Use of betaine and glycocyamine in the treatment of patients with heart disease: preliminary report.
Topics: Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatine; Glycine; Heart Diseases; Humans | 1951 |
The effects of age and hyperhomocysteinemia on the redox forms of plasma thiols.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Proteins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Ch | 2004 |
[Gastrointestinal bleeding during low dose acetylsalicylic acid. Is Godamed-100 TAH an alternative to conventional ASS preparations?].
Topics: Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Combinations; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Glycine; Humans; P | 2005 |
Cardiovascular risk in relation to alpha-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphism and systolic pressure: a prospective population study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; Cardiovascu | 2005 |
Effect of muraglitazar on death and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellit | 2005 |
Selling safety--lessons from muraglitazar.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Glycine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2005 |
Paradoxical inflammation revisited: muraglitazar and cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Oxazoles; Risk | 2006 |
Drug safety system needs overhaul, experts say.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Conflict of Interest; Drug Approval; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse | 2006 |
Adverse events related to muraglitazar use in diabetes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glycine; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2006 |
Adverse events related to muraglitazar use in diabetes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glycine; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2006 |
Muraglitazar: beneficial or detrimental in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycine; Humans; Hypogl | 2006 |
Receptor for advanced glycation end products Glycine 82 Serine polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cardiovascular Diseases; Genetic | 2007 |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D and alpha-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphisms: from angiotensin-converting enzyme activity to cardiovascular outcome.
Topics: Aged; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Diuretics; F | 2007 |
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) Lys56Met and Gly241Arg gene variants, plasma-soluble ICAM1 concentrations, and risk of incident cardiovascular events in 23,014 initially healthy white women.
Topics: Aged; Arginine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Glycine; Humans; Inter | 2007 |
The arginine-creatine pathway is disturbed in children and adolescents with renal transplants.
Topics: Adolescent; Arginine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Child; Creatine; Creatinine; Fe | 2008 |
Renal impairment in chronic cigarette smokers.
Topics: Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Cross | 1998 |
The TURP syndrome: importance of expiratory ethanol measurement and high serum levels of glycine.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breath Tests; Cardiovascular Diseases; Ethanol; Glycine; Humans; Male; Midd | 2001 |
Acute poisoning with a glyphosate-surfactant herbicide ('Roundup'): a review of 93 cases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Central Nervous Sy | 1991 |
The physiologic basis of the TUR syndrome.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Female; Glycine; Hyponat | 1989 |
Complications of transurethral prostatic surgery.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Burns, Electric; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Midd | 1970 |