Page last updated: 2024-10-18

glycine and Cardiovascular Diseases

glycine has been researched along with Cardiovascular Diseases in 46 studies

Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"We assayed the redox forms of cysteine (reduced [CSH], oxidized [CSSC], and bound to protein [CS-SP]), cysteinylglycine (CGSH; cysteinylgycine disulfide [CGSSGC] and cysteinylglycine-protein mixed disulfide [CGS-SP]), glutathione (GSH; glutathione disulfide [GSSG] and glutathione-protein mixed disulfide [GS-SP]), homocysteine (Hcy; homocystine [HcyS] and homocystine-protein mixed disulfides [bHcy]), and protein sulfhydryls in the plasma of healthy subjects (divided into 8 groups ranging in age from birth to 70 years) and patients with mild hyperhomocysteinemia associated with cardiovascular disease (heart-transplant patients) or vascular atherosclerosis, with or without renal failure."7.72The effects of age and hyperhomocysteinemia on the redox forms of plasma thiols. ( Buonocore, G; Capecchi, PL; Cellesi, C; Di Giuseppe, D; Di Simplicio, FC; Di Simplicio, P; Frosali, S; Jakubowski, H; Lazzerini, PE; Pasini, FL; Priora, R, 2004)
"In a prospective study it was our intention to evaluate the reliability and the predictive value of expiratory ethanol for the early detection of the occurrence of TURP syndrome and emphasize the role of the serum levels of glycine in clinical manifestation."7.71The TURP syndrome: importance of expiratory ethanol measurement and high serum levels of glycine. ( Bartoloni, A; Capotosto, C; Ficarra, V; Finco, G; Gottin, L; Malossini, G; Tallarigo, C, 2001)
"However, treatment of hyperlipidemia with statins reduces the probability of a CV event."5.34Receptor for advanced glycation end products Glycine 82 Serine polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis. ( Carroll, L; Frazer, IH; Marwick, TH; Thomas, R; Turner, M, 2007)
"We assayed the redox forms of cysteine (reduced [CSH], oxidized [CSSC], and bound to protein [CS-SP]), cysteinylglycine (CGSH; cysteinylgycine disulfide [CGSSGC] and cysteinylglycine-protein mixed disulfide [CGS-SP]), glutathione (GSH; glutathione disulfide [GSSG] and glutathione-protein mixed disulfide [GS-SP]), homocysteine (Hcy; homocystine [HcyS] and homocystine-protein mixed disulfides [bHcy]), and protein sulfhydryls in the plasma of healthy subjects (divided into 8 groups ranging in age from birth to 70 years) and patients with mild hyperhomocysteinemia associated with cardiovascular disease (heart-transplant patients) or vascular atherosclerosis, with or without renal failure."3.72The effects of age and hyperhomocysteinemia on the redox forms of plasma thiols. ( Buonocore, G; Capecchi, PL; Cellesi, C; Di Giuseppe, D; Di Simplicio, FC; Di Simplicio, P; Frosali, S; Jakubowski, H; Lazzerini, PE; Pasini, FL; Priora, R, 2004)
"In a prospective study it was our intention to evaluate the reliability and the predictive value of expiratory ethanol for the early detection of the occurrence of TURP syndrome and emphasize the role of the serum levels of glycine in clinical manifestation."3.71The TURP syndrome: importance of expiratory ethanol measurement and high serum levels of glycine. ( Bartoloni, A; Capotosto, C; Ficarra, V; Finco, G; Gottin, L; Malossini, G; Tallarigo, C, 2001)
" Roxadustat also improved iron utilization, and it was not associated with higher treatment-emergent adverse events, treatment-emergent serious adverse events, and major adverse cardiovascular events when compared to ESAs."3.01The efficacy and safety of roxadustat for anemia in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Deng, F; Li, J; Mao, M; Zhou, Q, 2023)
" The primary safety end point, assessed in a time-to-event analysis, was the first occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE, a composite of death from any cause, a nonfatal myocardial infarction, or a nonfatal stroke), pooled across the trials (noninferiority margin, 1."3.01Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat for Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis. ( Agarwal, R; Aswad, A; Awad, A; Bacci, MR; Block, GA; Chertow, GM; Eckardt, KU; Farag, YMK; Fishbane, S; Hubert, H; Jardine, A; Khawaja, Z; Koury, MJ; Lewis, EF; Luo, W; Maroni, BJ; Matsushita, K; McCullough, PA; Parfrey, PS; Pergola, P; Sarnak, MJ; Spinowitz, B; Tumlin, J; Vargo, DL; Walters, KA; Winkelmayer, WC; Wittes, J; Zwiech, R, 2021)
" The regulated and sustained bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) in the endothelium is essential to avoid the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension or atherosclerosis."2.55The Positive Regulation of eNOS Signaling by PPAR Agonists in Cardiovascular Diseases. ( Amoroso, R; Maccallini, C; Mollica, A, 2017)
"Glycine also has the property to enhance the quality of sleep and neurological functions."2.55Multifarious Beneficial Effect of Nonessential Amino Acid, Glycine: A Review. ( Begum, PS; Rajagopal, S; Razak, MA; Viswanath, B, 2017)
"However, treatment of hyperlipidemia with statins reduces the probability of a CV event."1.34Receptor for advanced glycation end products Glycine 82 Serine polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis. ( Carroll, L; Frazer, IH; Marwick, TH; Thomas, R; Turner, M, 2007)
"Muraglitazar is an agonist at both of these receptors and has been shown to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decrease triglycerides and improve insulin sensitivity."1.33Muraglitazar: beneficial or detrimental in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes? ( Doggrell, SA, 2006)

Research

Studies (46)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19906 (13.04)18.7374
1990's2 (4.35)18.2507
2000's17 (36.96)29.6817
2010's10 (21.74)24.3611
2020's11 (23.91)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Singh, AK2
Carroll, K2
Perkovic, V2
Solomon, S2
Jha, V2
Johansen, KL2
Lopes, RD2
Macdougall, IC2
Obrador, GT2
Waikar, SS2
Wanner, C2
Wheeler, DC2
Więcek, A2
Blackorby, A2
Cizman, B2
Cobitz, AR2
Davies, R2
Dole, J1
Kler, L2
Meadowcroft, AM2
Zhu, X1
McMurray, JJV2
DiMino, TL1
Taft, L1
Patoulias, D1
Papadopoulos, C1
Doumas, M1
Yamamoto, S1
Sato, I1
Fujii, M1
Kakimoto, M1
Honma, K1
Akiyama, N1
Sakai, M1
Fukuhama, N1
Kumazaki, S1
Hirohata, S1
Kitamori, K1
Yamori, Y1
Watanabe, S1
Zhou, Q1
Mao, M1
Li, J1
Deng, F1
Takeshita, M1
Tabara, Y1
Setoh, K1
Nagao, K1
Imaizumi, A1
Kageyama, Y1
Matsuda, F1
Hanff, E1
Said, MY1
Kayacelebi, AA1
Post, A1
Minovic, I1
van den Berg, E1
de Borst, MH1
van Goor, H1
Bakker, SJL1
Tsikas, D1
Sharma, A2
Pagidipati, NJ1
Califf, RM1
McGuire, DK1
Green, JB1
Demets, D1
George, JT1
Gerstein, HC1
Hobbs, T1
Holman, RR1
Lawson, FC1
Leiter, LA1
Pfeffer, MA1
Reusch, J1
Riesmeyer, JS1
Roe, MT1
Rosenberg, Y1
Temple, R1
Wiviott, S1
McMurray, J1
Granger, C1
Kalliora, C1
Drosatos, K1
Eckardt, KU2
Agarwal, R2
Aswad, A1
Awad, A1
Block, GA2
Bacci, MR1
Farag, YMK2
Fishbane, S1
Hubert, H1
Jardine, A1
Khawaja, Z2
Koury, MJ2
Maroni, BJ2
Matsushita, K2
McCullough, PA2
Lewis, EF2
Luo, W2
Parfrey, PS2
Pergola, P1
Sarnak, MJ2
Spinowitz, B2
Tumlin, J2
Vargo, DL2
Walters, KA2
Winkelmayer, WC2
Wittes, J2
Zwiech, R1
Chertow, GM2
Pergola, PE1
Arnold, S1
Bako, G1
Burke, S1
Castillo, FP1
Jardine, AG1
Lin, T1
Roy-Chaudhury, P1
Tseng, C1
Nesci, S1
Rubattu, S1
Maccallini, C1
Mollica, A1
Amoroso, R1
Razak, MA1
Begum, PS1
Viswanath, B1
Rajagopal, S1
Venkatesh, R1
Srinivasan, K1
Singh, SA1
Moon, JM1
Chun, BJ1
Cho, YS1
Lee, SD1
Hong, YJ1
Shin, MH1
Jung, EJ1
Ryu, HH1
Ostojic, SM2
Trivic, T1
Drid, P1
Stajer, V1
Vranes, M2
Del Vecchio, L1
Locatelli, F1
Loncar, D1
Zenic, N1
Sekulic, D1
Hitzel, J1
Lee, E1
Zhang, Y1
Bibli, SI1
Li, X1
Zukunft, S1
Pflüger, B1
Hu, J1
Schürmann, C1
Vasconez, AE1
Oo, JA1
Kratzer, A1
Kumar, S1
Rezende, F1
Josipovic, I1
Thomas, D1
Giral, H1
Schreiber, Y1
Geisslinger, G1
Fork, C1
Yang, X1
Sigala, F1
Romanoski, CE1
Kroll, J1
Jo, H1
Landmesser, U1
Lusis, AJ1
Namgaladze, D1
Fleming, I1
Leisegang, MS1
Zhu, J1
Brandes, RP1
Gress, S1
Lemoine, S1
Séralini, GE1
Puddu, PE1
Haas, S1
Barbato, A1
Russo, P1
Venezia, A1
Strazzullo, V1
Siani, A1
Cappuccio, FP1
BEAVERS, WR1
COVINO, BG1
BORSOOK, H2
BORSOOK, ME2
GRAYBIEL, A1
PATTERSON, CA1
Di Giuseppe, D1
Frosali, S1
Priora, R1
Di Simplicio, FC1
Buonocore, G1
Cellesi, C1
Capecchi, PL1
Pasini, FL1
Lazzerini, PE1
Jakubowski, H1
Di Simplicio, P1
Maywald, U1
Schindler, C1
Li, Y2
Thijs, L2
Kuznetsova, T2
Zagato, L2
Struijker-Boudier, H1
Bianchi, G2
Staessen, JA2
Nissen, SE1
Wolski, K1
Topol, EJ1
Brophy, JM1
Yun, AJ1
Lee, PY1
Doux, JD1
Finkelstein, JB1
Parra, D1
Beckey, C1
Thomas, T1
Najman, DM1
Doggrell, SA1
Carroll, L1
Frazer, IH1
Turner, M1
Marwick, TH1
Thomas, R1
Tripodi, G1
Zerbini, G1
Richart, T1
Manunta, P1
Wang, JG1
Zee, RY1
Cheng, S1
Erlich, HA1
Lindpaintner, K1
Rifai, N1
Buring, JE1
Ridker, PM1
Andrade, F1
Rodríguez-Soriano, J1
Prieto, JA1
Elorz, J1
Aguirre, M1
Ariceta, G1
Martin, S1
Sanjurjo, P1
Aldámiz-Echevarría, L1
Gambaro, G1
Verlato, F1
Budakovic, A1
Casara, D1
Saladini, G1
Del Prete, D1
Bertaglia, G1
Masiero, M1
Checchetto, S1
Baggio, B1
Bartoloni, A1
Gottin, L1
Ficarra, V1
Capotosto, C1
Malossini, G1
Tallarigo, C1
Finco, G1
Talbot, AR1
Shiaw, MH1
Huang, JS1
Yang, SF1
Goo, TS1
Wang, SH1
Chen, CL1
Sanford, TR1
Bernstein, GT1
Loughlin, KR1
Gittes, RF1
Desmond, J1

Clinical Trials (9)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Phase 3 Randomized, Open-label (Sponsor-blind), Active-controlled, Parallel-group, Multi-center, Event Driven Study in Dialysis Subjects With Anemia Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Daprodustat Compared to Re[NCT02879305]Phase 32,964 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-28Completed
A Phase 3 Randomized, Open-label (Sponsor-blind), Active-controlled, Parallel-group, Multi-center, Event Driven Study in Non-dialysis Subjects With Anemia Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Daprodustat Compared t[NCT02876835]Phase 33,872 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-27Completed
Phase 3, Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Vadadustat for the Correction or Maintenance Treatment of Anemia in Subjects With Incident Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (DD-CKD) (INNO2VATE - [NCT02865850]Phase 3369 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-31Completed
Phase 3, Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Vadadustat for the Maintenance Treatment of Anemia in Subjects With Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (DD-CKD) (INNO2VATE-CONVERSION)[NCT02892149]Phase 33,554 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-08-31Completed
Phase 3, Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Vadadustat for the Correction of Anemia in Subjects With Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD) (PRO2TECT-CORRECTION)[NCT02648347]Phase 31,751 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
Phase 3, Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Vadadustat for the Maintenance Treatment of Anemia in Subjects With Non-dialysis-dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD) (PRO2TECT-CONVERSION)[NCT02680574]Phase 31,725 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-02-29Completed
The Effects of Glycine on Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome-related Parameters: A Clinical and Ex-vivo Study.[NCT03850314]Phase 2/Phase 350 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-03-31Not yet recruiting
The Effects of Medium-term Oral Guanidinoacetic Acid (GAA) Administration on Human Performance, Body Composition, and Metabolic Outcomes in Physically Active Men and Women[NCT01133899]Phase 1/Phase 240 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
Hypertension in High School Students: Genetic and Environmental Factors[NCT06049641]2,638 participants (Actual)Observational2014-10-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Blood Pressure (BP) Exacerbation Event Rate Per 100 Participant Years

BP exacerbation was defined (based on post-dialysis) as: SBP >= 25 millimeter of mercury (mmHg) increased from Baseline or SBP >=180 mmHg; DBP >=15 mmHg increased from Baseline or DBP >=110 mmHg. The BP exacerbation events per 100 participant years was estimated using the negative binomial model with treatment, dialysis type and region as covariates and the logarithm of time on-treatment as an offset variable. Data for post-dialysis BP measurements have been presented. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Day 1 to end of study (3.9 person-years for follow-up time period)

InterventionEvents per 100 participant years (Number)
Daprodustat207.13
rhEPO206.38

Change From Baseline in On-Treatment EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) at Week 52

The EQ VAS records the respondent's self-rated health on a vertical VAS, ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst health one can imagine and 100 represents the best health one can imagine. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52

InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Daprodustat-1.0
rhEPO0.8

Change From Baseline in On-Treatment Health Utility EuroQol 5 Dimensions 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) Questionnaire Score at Week 52

EQ-5D-5L is self-assessment questionnaire,consisting of 5 items covering 5 dimensions (mobility,self care,usual activities,pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression). Each dimension is measured by 5-point Likert scale (1=no problems, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems and 5=extreme problems). Responses for 5 dimensions together formed a 5-figure description of health state (e.g.11111 indicates no problems in all 5 dimensions). Each of these 5 figure health states were converted to a single index score by applying country-specific value set formula that attaches weights to dimensions and levels. Range for EQ-5D-5L index score is -0.594 (worst health) to 1 (full health state). Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value-Baseline value. Baseline was latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52

InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Daprodustat-0.0198
rhEPO-0.0201

Change From Baseline in Post-randomization Hemoglobin Levels at Week 52

Blood samples were collected from participants for hemoglobin measurements. Change from Baseline was defined as post-Baseline value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. Analysis was performed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) model fitted from Baseline up to Week 52, excluding values collected during the stabilization period, with factors for treatment, time, dialysis type, region, Baseline hemoglobin and Baseline hemoglobin by time and treatment by time interactions. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52

InterventionGrams per deciliter (Least Squares Mean)
Daprodustat0.26
rhEPO0.14

Mean Average Monthly On-treatment IV Iron Dose Per Participant

Average monthly IV iron dose (milligrams) per participant from Day 1 to Week 52 was determined by calculating the total IV iron dose per participant from treatment start date + 1 to the earliest of (Week 52 visit date, first blood (red blood cell [RBC] or whole blood) transfusion date, and treatment stop date + 1 day) which corresponds to the time while the participant was on randomized treatment and before receiving a blood transfusion. This total IV iron dose was divided by (the number of days from treatment start date + 1 to the earliest of (Week 52 visit date, first blood transfusion date (RBC or whole blood), and treatment stop date +1) / 30.4375 days). This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Week 52

InterventionMilligrams (Least Squares Mean)
Daprodustat90.8
rhEPO99.9

Mean Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (Hgb) Levels During Evaluation Period (Week 28 to Week 52)

Blood samples were collected from participants for hemoglobin measurements. Hemoglobin during the evaluation period was defined as the mean of all available post-randomization hemoglobin values (on and off-treatment) during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52). For the primary analysis, missing post-Baseline hemoglobin values were imputed using pre-specified multiple imputation methods. Change from Baseline was defined as post-Baseline value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52)

InterventionGrams per deciliter (Least Squares Mean)
Daprodustat0.28
rhEPO0.10

Number of Hgb Responders in the Hgb Analysis Range (10 to 11.5 Grams/Deciliter) During Evaluation Period (Week 28 to Week 52)

Mean Hgb during the evaluation period was defined as the mean of all evaluable Hgb values during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52) including any evaluable unscheduled Hgb values that were taken during this time period. Hemoglobin responders were defined as participants with a mean Hgb during the evaluation period that falls within the Hgb analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Week 28 to Week 52

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Daprodustat903
rhEPO866

Number of Participants With at Least One BP Exacerbation Event During Study

BP exacerbation was defined as: SBP >= 25 mmHg increased from Baseline or SBP >=180 mmHg; DBP >=15 mmHg increased from Baseline or DBP >=110 mmHg. Number of participants with at least one BP exacerbation event is presented. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Day 1 to end of study (3.9 person-years for follow-up time period)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Daprodustat1191
rhEPO1186

Percentage of Participants Permanently Stopping Randomized Treatment Due to Meeting Rescue Criteria

Percentage of participants permanently stopping randomized treatment due to meeting rescue criteria has been presented. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Day 1 to 45.1 months

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Daprodustat3.6
rhEPO3.6

Percentage of Time With Hemoglobin in the Analysis Range (10 to 11.5 Grams/Deciliter) During Evaluation Period (Week 28 to Week 52): Non-inferiority Analysis

Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during evaluation period is calculated as time in range during the evaluation period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, Week 52 visit date) - Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that between Week 16 and Week 52 inclusive, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Week 28 to Week 52

InterventionPercentage of days (Median)
Daprodustat60.9
rhEPO59.4

Percentage of Time With Hemoglobin in the Analysis Range (10 to 11.5 Grams/Deciliter) During Evaluation Period (Week 28 to Week 52): Superiority Analysis

Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during evaluation period is calculated as time in range during the evaluation period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, Week 52 visit date) - Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that between Week 16 and Week 52 inclusive, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Week 28 to Week 52

InterventionPercentage of days (Median)
Daprodustat60.9
rhEPO59.4

Percentage of Time With Hemoglobin in the Analysis Range (10 to 11.5 Grams/Deciliter) During Maintenance Period (Week 28 to End of Study): Non-inferiority Analysis

Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the maintenance period (Week 28 to end of study), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during maintenance period is calculated as time in range during the maintenance period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, End of study date)- Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that is on or after week 16, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Week 28 to end of study (3.9 person-years for follow-up time period)

InterventionPercentage of days (Median)
Daprodustat60.9
rhEPO57.7

Percentage of Time With Hemoglobin in the Analysis Range (10 to 11.5 Grams/Deciliter) During Maintenance Period (Week 28 to End of Study): Superiority Analysis

Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the maintenance period (Week 28 to end of study), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during maintenance period is calculated as time in range during the maintenance period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, End of study date)- Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that is on or after week 16, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Week 28 to end of study (3.9 person-years for follow-up time period)

InterventionPercentage of days (Median)
Daprodustat60.9
rhEPO57.7

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated All-Cause Mortality During Vital Status for Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated all-cause mortality was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the vital status for follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for vital status follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat8.32
rhEPO8.59

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated CV Mortality During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated CV mortality was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat3.31
rhEPO3.46

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated CV Mortality or Non-Fatal MI During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated CV mortality or non-fatal MI was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat5.98
rhEPO6.79

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated Hospitalization for Heart Failure During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated hospitalization for heart failure was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat3.30
rhEPO3.01

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated MACE During CV Events Follow-up Time Period: Superiority Analysis

Time to MACE defined as the time to first occurrence of CEC adjudicated MACE was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariate. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat11.07
rhEPO11.86

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated MACE or Hospitalization for Heart Failure During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat12.98
rhEPO13.38

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated MACE or Hospitalization for Heart Failure or Thromboembolic Events During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure or thromboembolic events were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat17.74
rhEPO19.50

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated MACE or Thromboembolic Event During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MACE or thromboembolic event (vascular access thrombosis, symptomatic deep vein thrombosis or symptomatic pulmonary embolism) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat15.84
rhEPO17.85

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE) During Cardiovascular (CV) Events Follow-up Time Period: Non-inferiority Analysis

Time to MACE defined as the time to first occurrence of Clinical Events Committee (CEC) adjudicated MACE (composite of all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction [MI] and non-fatal stroke) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) plus (+) 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100 multiplied by [*] number of participants with at least 1 event) divided by [/] first event person-years) is presented along with 95 percent (%) confidence interval (CI). First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat11.07
rhEPO11.86

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated Myocardial Infarction (MI) (Fatal and Non-Fatal) During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MI (fatal and non-fatal) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat3.34
rhEPO4.08

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated Stroke (Fatal and Non-Fatal) During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated stroke (fatal and non-fatal) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat1.23
rhEPO1.48

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated Thromboembolic Events During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated thromboembolic events were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat5.66
rhEPO6.75

Time to First Occurrence of All-Cause Hospital Re-admission Within 30 Days During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

All-cause hospital re-admissions within 30days are defined as hospital admissions recorded on hospitalization eCRF with hospitalization duration of >=24 hours and admission date within 30days following previous discharge date of all-cause hospitalization event, where previous hospitalization was >=24 hours. Time to first occurrence of all-cause hospital re-admission within 30days was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date)+1. Incidence rate per 100person years calculated as(100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event+cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat8.86
rhEPO9.67

Time to First Occurrence of All-Cause Hospitalization During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

All-cause hospitalization events were hospital admissions recorded on the Hospitalization electronic case report form (eCRF) with a hospitalization duration >=24 hours. Time to first occurrence of all-cause hospitalization was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, dialysis type and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat43.92
rhEPO46.03

Change From Baseline in On-Treatment Mental Component Score (MCS) Using SF-36 HRQoL Questionnaire at Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). MCS is an average score derived from 4 domains (vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and mental health) representing overall mental health. MCS ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 8, n=982,936Week 12, n=990,943Week 28, n=836,819Week 52, n=729,707
Daprodustat-0.38-0.55-1.25-1.63
rhEPO-0.21-0.72-1.23-1.03

Change From Baseline in On-Treatment Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S) at Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

The PGI-S is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of disease severity on a 5-point disease severity scale (0=absent, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, or 4=very severe). A higher score indicated worse outcome. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 8, n=1102,1064Week 12, n=1102,1073Week 28, n=934,933Week 52, n=826,814
Daprodustat-0.030.020.040.06
rhEPO0.020.060.080.11

Change From Baseline in On-Treatment Physical Component Score (PCS) Using Short Form (SF)-36 Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) Questionnaire at Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). The PCS is an average score derived from 4 domains (physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain and general health) representing overall physical health. PCS ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 8, n=982,936Week 12, n=990,943Week 28, n=836,819Week 52, n=729,707
Daprodustat0.300.33-0.23-0.52
rhEPO0.01-0.27-0.57-1.05

Change From Baseline in On-Treatment Physical Functioning Domain Scores Using SF-36 HRQoL Questionnaire at Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). Physical functioning score ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus (-) Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 8, n=982,936Week 12, n=990,943Week 28, n=836,819Week 52, n=729,707
Daprodustat0.480.11-0.20-0.61
rhEPO-0.16-0.45-0.97-1.19

Change From Baseline in On-Treatment SF-36 HRQoL Scores for Bodily Pain, General Health, Mental Health, Role-Emotional, Role-Physical, Social Functioning at Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: bodily pain, general health, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning (Social fun), physical functioning (Phy. fun) and vitality. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). Each domain score ranges from 0 to 100, higher score indicates a better health state and better functioning. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Bodily pain: Week 8, n=982,936Bodily pain: Week 12, n=990,943Bodily pain: Week 28, n=836,819Bodily pain: Week 52, n=729,707General health: Week 8, n=982,936General health: Week 12, n=990,943General health: Week 28, n=836,819General health: Week 52, n=729,707Mental health: Week 8, n=982,936Mental health: Week 12, n=990,943Mental health: Week 28, n=836,819Mental health: Week 52, n=729,707Role-emotional: Week 8, n=982,936Role-emotional: Week 12, n=990,943Role-emotional: Week 28, n=836,819Role-emotional: Week 52, n=729,707Role-physical: Week 8, n=982,936Role-physical: Week 12, n=990,943Role-physical: Week 28, n=836,819Role-physical: Week 52, n=729,707Social functioning: Week 8, n=982,936Social functioning: Week 12, n=990,943Social functioning: Week 28, n=836,819Social functioning: Week 52, n=729,707
Daprodustat-0.130.20-0.70-1.12-0.39-0.59-1.32-1.51-0.43-0.86-1.30-1.97-0.10-0.17-0.95-0.830.400.48-0.10-0.210.240.25-0.61-1.12
rhEPO0.12-0.39-0.74-1.39-0.65-1.04-0.99-1.22-0.47-0.81-1.43-1.16-0.02-0.53-0.90-0.920.320.08-0.39-0.600.38-0.44-0.94-1.14

Change From Baseline in On-Treatment Vitality Scores Using SF-36 HRQoL Questionnaire at Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). Vitality score ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 8, n=982,936Week 12, n=990,943Week 28, n=836,819Week 52, n=729,707
Daprodustat-0.23-0.17-0.79-1.19
rhEPO-0.26-0.51-1.03-1.04

Change From Baseline in SBP, DBP, MAP at End of Treatment

SBP, DBP and MAP were measured in a semi-supine or seated position in the dialysis chair after at least a 5-minutes of rest. MAP is an average BP in an individual's arteries during a single cardiac cycle. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. This analysis was carried out by using ANCOVA model with terms for treatment group, dialysis type, region and Baseline value. Data for post-dialysis BP measurements have been presented. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week -4) and 45.1 months

,
InterventionMillimeter of mercury (Least Squares Mean)
SBPDBPMAP
Daprodustat-0.43-0.92-0.75
rhEPO-0.43-1.37-1.06

Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MAP) at Week 52

SBP, DBP and MAP were measured in a semi-supine or seated position in the dialysis chair after at least a 5-minutes of rest. MAP is the average BP in an individual's arteries during a single cardiac cycle. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. Analysis was performed using MMRM model with treatment group + time + dialysis type + region + Baseline value + Baseline value*time + treatment group*time, using an unstructured covariance matrix. Data for post-dialysis BP measurements have been presented. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week -4) and Week 52

,
InterventionMillimeter of mercury (Least Squares Mean)
SBPDBPMAP
Daprodustat-0.61-1.04-0.89
rhEPO-0.93-0.58-0.71

Number of Participants With Adjudicated MACE or Hospitalization for Heart Failure (Recurrent Events Analysis)

Number of participants with adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure (recurrent events analysis) is presented, categorized by number of occurrences of adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure per participant. (NCT02879305)
Timeframe: Up to 3.9 person-years for CV follow-up time period

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Occurrences per participant: 0Occurrences per participant: 1Occurrences per participant: 2Occurrences per participant: 3Occurrences per participant: 4Occurrences per participant: 5Occurrences per participant: 6Occurrences per participant: 7Occurrences per participant: 8Occurrences per participant: 9Occurrences per participant: 10
Daprodustat106231572253440011
rhEPO1044300882211432111

Blood Pressure (BP) Exacerbation Event Rate Per 100 Participant Years

BP exacerbation event (based on post-dialysis) was defined as: SBP >= 25 millimeter of mercury (mmHg) increased from Baseline or SBP >=180 mmHg; DBP >=15 mmHg increased from Baseline or DBP >=110 mmHg. The BP exacerbation events per 100 participant years was estimated using the negative binomial model with treatment, current ESA use at randomization and region as covariates and the logarithm of time on-treatment as an offset variable. Data for post-dialysis BP measurements have been presented. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Day 1 to end of treatment (51.1 months)

InterventionEvents per 100 participant years (Number)
Daprodustat138.50
Darbepoetin Alfa157.35

Change From Baseline in On-treatment EQ Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) at Week 52

The EQ VAS records the respondent's self-rated health on a vertical VAS, ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst imaginable health and 100 represents the best imaginable health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52

InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Daprodustat-0.7
Darbepoetin Alfa-1.4

Change From Baseline in On-treatment Health Utility EuroQol 5 Dimensions 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) Questionnaire Score at Week 52

EQ-5D-5L is self-assessment questionnaire, consisting of 5 items covering 5 dimensions (mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression). Each dimension is measured by 5-point Likert scale (1=no problems, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems and 5=extreme problems). Responses for 5 dimensions together formed a 5-figure description of health state (e.g.11111 indicates no problems in all 5 dimensions). Each of these 5 figure health states were converted to a single index score by applying country-specific value set formula that attaches weights to dimensions and levels. Range for EQ-5D-5L index score is -0.594 (worst health) to 1 (full health state). Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52

InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Daprodustat-0.0253
Darbepoetin Alfa-0.0018

Change From Baseline in Post-randomization Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) at Week 52

Blood samples were collected to analyze estimated glomerular filtration rate. Change from Baseline was calculated as post-Baseline visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52

InterventionmL per minute per 1.73 square meter (Least Squares Mean)
Daprodustat-2.88
Darbepoetin Alfa-2.67

Change From Baseline in Post-randomization Hgb Levels at Week 52

Blood samples were collected from participants for Hgb measurements. Change from Baseline was defined as post-randomization value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. Analysis was performed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) model fitted from Baseline up to Week 52, excluding values collected during the stabilization period, with factors for treatment, time, current ESA use, region, Baseline Hgb and Baseline Hgb by time and treatment by time interactions. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and Week 52

InterventionGrams per deciliter (Least Squares Mean)
Daprodustat0.76
Darbepoetin Alfa0.73

Mean Change From Baseline in Hgb Levels Over the Evaluation Period (Week 28 to Week 52)

Blood samples were collected from participants for Hgb measurements. Hgb during the evaluation period was defined as the mean of all available post-randomization Hgb values (on and off-treatment) during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52). For the primary analysis missing post-Baseline Hgb values were imputed using pre-specified multiple imputation methods. Change from Baseline was defined as post-Baseline value minus (-) Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. Analysis was performed using the Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with terms for treatment, Baseline Hgb, current ESA use and region. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1) and evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52)

InterventionGrams per deciliter (Least Squares Mean)
Daprodustat0.74
Darbepoetin Alfa0.66

Number of Hgb Responders in the Hgb Analysis Range (10 to 11.5 Grams/Deciliter) During Evaluation Period (Week 28 to Week 52)

Mean Hgb during the evaluation period was defined as the mean of all evaluable Hgb values during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52) including any evaluable unscheduled Hgb values that were taken during this time period. Hgb responders were defined as participants with a mean Hgb during the evaluation period that falls within the Hgb analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Week 28 to Week 52

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Daprodustat1167
Darbepoetin Alfa1063

Number of Participants With at Least One BP Exacerbation Event During Study

BP exacerbation was defined as: SBP >= 25 mmHg increased from Baseline or SBP >=180 mmHg; DBP >=15 mmHg increased from Baseline or DBP >=110 mmHg. Number of participants with at least one BP exacerbation event is presented. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Day 1 to end of treatment (51.1 months)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Daprodustat939
Darbepoetin Alfa1012

Percentage of Participants Permanently Stopping Randomized Treatment Due to Meeting Rescue Criteria

Percentage of participants permanently stopping randomized treatment due to meeting rescue criteria has been presented. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Day 1 to 51.1 months

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Daprodustat2.0
Darbepoetin Alfa3.3

Percentage of Time With Hemoglobin in the Analysis Range (10 to 11.5 Grams/Deciliter) During Maintenance Period (Week 28 to End of Study): Superiority Analysis

Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the maintenance period (Week 28 to end of study), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during maintenance period is calculated as time in range during the maintenance period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, End of study date)- Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that is on or after week 16, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Week 28 to end of study (4.3 person-years for follow-up time period)

InterventionPercentage of days (Median)
Daprodustat66.1
Darbepoetin Alfa62.1

Percentage of Time With Hgb in the Analysis Range (10 to 11.5 Grams/Deciliter) During Evaluation Period (Week 28 to Week 52): Non-inferiority Analysis

Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during evaluation period is calculated as time in range during the evaluation period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, Week 52 visit date) - Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that between Week 16 and Week 52 inclusive, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Week 28 to Week 52

InterventionPercentage of days (Median)
Daprodustat70.5
Darbepoetin Alfa63.2

Percentage of Time With Hgb in the Analysis Range (10 to 11.5 Grams/Deciliter) During Evaluation Period (Week 28 to Week 52): Superiority Analysis

Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the evaluation period (Week 28 to Week 52), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during evaluation period is calculated as time in range during the evaluation period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, Week 52 visit date) - Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that between Week 16 and Week 52 inclusive, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Week 28 to Week 52

InterventionPercentage of days (Median)
Daprodustat70.5
Darbepoetin Alfa63.2

Percentage of Time With Hgb in the Analysis Range (10 to 11.5 Grams/Deciliter) During Maintenance Period (Week 28 to End of Study): Non-inferiority Analysis

Percentage of days for which a participant's Hgb was within the analysis range of 10-11.5 g/dL (both inclusive) during the maintenance period (Week 28 to end of study), including any unscheduled evaluable Hgb values that were taken during this time period was calculated. Percentage of time in the analysis range during maintenance period is calculated as time in range during the maintenance period / [Earlier of (Date of the last evaluable Hgb value, End of study date)- Later of (Date of the first evaluable Hgb value that is on or after week 16, Week 28 visit date)]. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Week 28 to end of study (4.3 person-years for follow-up time period)

InterventionPercentage of days (Median)
Daprodustat66.1
Darbepoetin Alfa62.1

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated All-Cause Mortality During Vital Status for Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated all-cause mortality was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the vital status follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for vital status follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat8.35
Darbepoetin Alfa8.27

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated CV Mortality During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated CV mortality was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat3.02
Darbepoetin Alfa2.55

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated CV Mortality or Non-Fatal MI During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated CV mortality or non-fatal MI was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat5.36
Darbepoetin Alfa4.98

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated Hospitalization for Heart Failure During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated hospitalization for heart failure was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat4.05
Darbepoetin Alfa3.30

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated MACE During CV Events Follow-up Time Period (Superiority Analysis)

Time to MACE defined as the time to first occurrence of CEC adjudicated MACE was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariate. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat10.86
Darbepoetin Alfa10.63

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated MACE or Hospitalization for Heart Failure During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat13.16
Darbepoetin Alfa12.22

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated MACE or Hospitalization for Heart Failure or Thromboembolic Events During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure or thromboembolic events were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat14.60
Darbepoetin Alfa13.32

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated MACE or Thromboembolic Event During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MACE or thromboembolic event (vascular access thrombosis, symptomatic deep vein thrombosis or symptomatic pulmonary embolism) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. This endpoint was adjusted for multiplicity using the Holm-Bonferonni method. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat12.34
Darbepoetin Alfa11.77

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE) During Cardiovascular (CV) Events Follow-up Time Period (Non-inferiority Analysis)

Time to MACE defined as time to first occurrence of Clinical Events Committee (CEC) adjudicated MACE (composite of all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction [MI] and non-fatal stroke) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) use at randomization and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) plus (+) 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100 multiplied [*] number of participants with at least 1 event) divided by [/] first event person-years) is presented along with 95 percent (%) confidence interval (CI). First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat10.86
Darbepoetin Alfa10.63

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated Myocardial Infarction (MI) (Fatal and Non-Fatal) During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated MI (fatal and non-fatal) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat2.94
Darbepoetin Alfa2.76

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated Stroke (Fatal and Non-Fatal) During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated stroke (fatal and non-fatal) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat1.26
Darbepoetin Alfa0.95

Time to First Occurrence of Adjudicated Thromboembolic Events During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of adjudicated thromboembolic events were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat1.81
Darbepoetin Alfa1.43

Time to First Occurrence of All-Cause Hospital Re-admission Within 30 Days During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

All-cause hospital re-admissions within 30days are defined as hospital admissions recorded on hospitalization electronic case record form with hospitalization duration of >=24 hours and admission date within 30days following previous discharge date of all-cause hospitalization event, where previous hospitalization was >=24hours.Time to first occurrence of all-cause hospital re-admission within 30days was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization and region as covariates.Time to the first occurrence was computed as(event date - randomization date)+1. Incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as(100*number of participants with at least 1event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event+cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat7.78
Darbepoetin Alfa7.55

Time to First Occurrence of All-Cause Hospitalization During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

All-cause hospitalization events were hospital admissions recorded on the hospitalization electronic case report form (eCRF) form with a hospitalization duration >=24 hours. Time to first occurrence of all-cause hospitalization was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) + 1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat41.13
Darbepoetin Alfa38.99

Time to First Occurrence of Chronic Dialysis During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of chronic dialysis was analyzed using a Fine & Gray's proportional subdistribution hazard regression model with treatment group, Baseline ESA use and region as covariates. Chronic dialysis is defined by either initiating dialysis for >=90 days or not initiating chronic dialysis when dialysis is indicated. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date)+1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat12.20
Darbepoetin Alfa12.06

Time to First Occurrence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Progression During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Progression of CKD defined as: 40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from Baseline or end stage renal disease (ESRD) as defined by either initiating chronic dialysis for >=90 days or not initiating chronic dialysis when dialysis is indicated or kidney transplantation. Time to first occurrence of CKD progression was analyzed using Fine and Gray's proportional subdistribution hazard regression model with treatment group, Baseline ESA use and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date) +1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event+cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat17.55
Darbepoetin Alfa17.76

Time to First Occurrence of Confirmed 40% Decline in eGFR During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of confirmed 40% decline in eGFR was analyzed using a Fine & Gray's proportional subdistribution hazard regression model with treatment group, Baseline ESA use and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date)+1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat8.21
Darbepoetin Alfa8.90

Time to First Occurrence of Kidney Transplant During CV Events Follow-up Time Period

Time to first occurrence of kidney transplant were analyzed using a Fine & Gray's proportional subdistribution hazard regression model with treatment group, Baseline ESA use and region as covariates. Time to the first occurrence was computed as (event date minus randomization date)+1. The incidence rate per 100 person years calculated as (100*number of participants with at least 1 event)/first event person-years) is presented along with 95% CI. First event person years=(cumulative total time to first event for participants who have the event + cumulative total of censored time for participants without the event)/365.25, based on the CV follow-up time period. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

InterventionEvents per 100 person years (Number)
Daprodustat1.00
Darbepoetin Alfa1.14

Change From Baseline in On-treatment Chronic Kidney Disease- Anemia Symptoms Questionnaire (CKD-AQ) at Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

CKD-AQ is 21-item patient reported outcome measure assessing symptoms and symptom impact in participants with anemia associated with CKD. It had 3 domains: 1.Tired/Low Energy (LE)/Weak scale consisting of 10 items; 2.Chest Pain (CP)/Shortness of Breath (SOB) scale consisting of 4 items; and 3.Cognitive (Cog) scale consisting of 3 items. The 4 CKD-AQ single items are: shortness of breath, no activity; severity-short breath (S-SB), resting; difficulty standing (diff. std.)for long time (LT) and difficulty sleeping (diff sleep). Single-item were recorded based on a 0-100 scoring with 0=worst possible and 100=best possible score. Three domains scores were calculated as average of items in each domain and ranged from 0-100 where 0=worst possible and 100=best possible score. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Tired/Low energy/Weak domain: Week 8,n=1340,1294Tired/Low energy/Weak domain: Week 12,n=1341,1360Tired/Low energy/Weak domain: Week 28,n=1053,1047Tired/Low energy/Weak domain: Week 52,n=870,865Chest pain/SOB domain: Week 8,n=1340,1294Chest pain/ SOB domain: Week 12,n=1341,1360Chest pain/ SOB domain: Week 28,n=1053,1047Chest pain/ SOB domain: Week 52,n=870,865Cognitive domain: Week 8,n=1340,1294Cognitive domain: Week 12,n=1341,1360Cognitive domain: Week 28,n=1053,1047Cognitive domain: Week 52,n=870,865SOB, no activity: Week 8,n=1340,1294SOB, no activity: Week 12,n=1341,1360SOB, no activity: Week 28,n=1053,1047SOB, no activity: Week 52,n=870,865Severity-short breath, Resting: Week 8,n=1340,1294Severity-short breath, Resting:Week 12,n=1341,1360Severity-short breath, Resting:Week 28,n=1053,1047Severity-short breath, Resting:Week 52,n=870,865Diff std for long time: Week 8,n=1340,1294Diff std for long time: Week 12,n=1341,1360Diff std for long time: Week 28,n=1053,1047Diff std for long time: Week 52,n=870,865Difficulty sleeping: Week 8,n=1340,1294Difficulty sleeping: Week 12,n=1341,1360Difficulty sleeping: Week 28,n=1053,1047Difficulty sleeping: Week 52,n=870,865
Daprodustat1.722.111.270.200.630.880.01-0.710.13-0.17-0.40-2.00-0.10.1-1.1-1.7-0.3-0.3-1.1-2.01.00.70.4-2.11.60.5-0.7-2.6
Darbepoetin Alfa2.943.081.871.771.831.530.530.470.891.010.37-0.351.00.4-0.2-1.60.80.0-0.7-0.52.51.61.71.21.12.0-0.3-0.3

Change From Baseline in On-treatment Mental Component Score (MCS) Using SF-36 HRQoL Questionnaire at Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). MCS is an average score derived from 4 domains (vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and mental health) representing overall mental health. MCS ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 8, n=1238,1187Week 12, n=1237,1227Week 28, n=968,956Week 52, n=804,780
Daprodustat0.080.02-0.35-0.71
Darbepoetin Alfa0.370.18-0.02-0.35

Change From Baseline in On-treatment Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S) at Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

The PGI-S is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of disease severity on a 5-point disease severity scale (0=absent, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, or 4=very severe). A higher score indicated more disease severity. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 8, n=1341,1295Week 12, n=1341,1362Week 28, n=1054,1051Week 52, n=871,865
Daprodustat0.000.030.050.11
Darbepoetin Alfa-0.02-0.020.090.06

Change From Baseline in On-treatment Physical Component Score (PCS) Using Short Form (SF)-36 Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) Questionnaire at Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). The PCS is an average score derived from 4 domains (physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain and general health) representing overall physical health. PCS ranges from 0 to 100; higher score represents better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 8, n=1238,1187Week 12, n=1237,1227Week 28, n=968,956Week 52, n=804,780
Daprodustat0.420.600.16-0.32
Darbepoetin Alfa0.780.710.04-0.12

Change From Baseline in On-treatment Physical Functioning Domain Scores Using SF-36 HRQoL Questionnaire at Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). Physical functioning score ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 8, n=1238,1187Week 12, n=1237,1227Week 28, n=968,956Week 52, n=804,780
Daprodustat0.510.650.05-0.69
Darbepoetin Alfa0.830.52-0.10-0.37

Change From Baseline in On-treatment SF-36 HRQoL Scores for Bodily Pain, General Health, Mental Health, Role-Emotional, Role-Physical, Social Functioning at Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: bodily pain (b pain), general health (GH), mental health (MH), role-emotional (RE) (role limitations caused by emotional problems), role-physical (RP) (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning (SF), physical functioning and vitality. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). Each domain score ranges from 0 to 100, higher score indicates a better health state and better functioning. Change from Baseline (BL) was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Bodily pain: Week 8, n=1238,1187Bodily pain: Week 12, n=1237,1227Bodily pain: Week 28, n=968,956Bodily pain: Week 52, n=804,780General health: Week 8, n=1238,1187General health: Week 12, n=1237,1227General health: Week 28, n=968,956General health: Week 52, n=804,780Mental health: Week 8, n=1238,1187Mental health: Week 12, n=1237,1227Mental health: Week 28, n=968,956Mental health: Week 52, n=804,780Role-emotional: Week 8, n=1238,1187Role-emotional: Week 12, n=1237,1227Role-emotional: Week 28, n=968,956Role-emotional: Week 52, n=804,780Role-physical: Week 8, n=1238,1187Role-physical: Week 12, n=1237,1227Role-physical: Week 28, n=968,956Role-physical: Week 52, n=804,780Social functioning: Week 8, n=1238,1187Social functioning: Week 12, n=1237,1227Social functioning: Week 28, n=968,956Social functioning: Week 52, n=804,780
Daprodustat0.110.35-0.48-0.340.360.280.14-0.27-0.19-0.07-0.67-0.850.450.17-0.30-0.900.330.400.06-0.630.190.210.04-0.58
Darbepoetin Alfa0.450.500.020.130.430.480.04-0.190.12-0.09-0.37-0.610.540.430.07-0.380.830.730.00-0.440.820.530.17-0.20

Change From Baseline in On-treatment Vitality Scores Using SF-36 HRQoL Questionnaire at Weeks 8, 12, 28, 52

The SF-36 acute version 2 is a 36-item generic quality of life instrument designed to measure a participant's level of performance in the following 8 health domains: physical functioning, role-physical (role limitations caused by physical problems), social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role-emotional (role limitations caused by emotional problems), vitality and general health. Each domain is scored from 0 (poorer health) to 100 (better health). Vitality score ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores represent better health. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose on Day 1), Weeks 8, 12, 28 and 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 8, n=1238,1187Week 12, n=1237,1227Week 28, n=968,956Week 52, n=804,780
Daprodustat0.350.620.22-0.14
Darbepoetin Alfa0.900.740.320.35

Change From Baseline in SBP, DBP, MAP at End of Treatment

SBP, DBP and MAP were measured in a seated position after at least a 5-minutes of rest. MAP is an average BP in an individual's arteries during a single cardiac cycle. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. Analysis was performed using ANCOVA model with terms for treatment group, current ESA use at randomization, region and Baseline value. Data for post-dialysis BP measurements have been presented. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week -4) and 51.1 months

,
InterventionMillimeter of mercury (Least Squares Mean)
SBP, n=1919, 1884DBP, n=1918, 1884MAP, n=1918, 1884
Daprodustat-1.19-0.26-0.57
Darbepoetin Alfa-1.10-0.38-0.62

Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MAP) at Week 52

SBP, DBP and MAP were measured in a seated position after at least a 5-minutes of rest. MAP is the average (BP) in an individual's arteries during a single cardiac cycle. Change from Baseline was calculated as on-treatment visit value minus Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the latest non-missing pre-dose assessment on or before the randomization date. Analysis was performed using MMRM model with treatment group + time + current ESA use at randomization + region + Baseline value + Baseline value*time + treatment group*time, using an unstructured covariance matrix. Data for post-dialysis BP measurements have been presented. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week -4) and Week 52

,
InterventionMillimeter of mercury (Least Squares Mean)
SBP, n=1913, 1884DBP, n=1912, 1884MAP, n=1912, 1884
Daprodustat-0.620.06-0.17
Darbepoetin Alfa-1.17-0.59-0.77

Number of Participants With Adjudicated MACE or Hospitalization for Heart Failure (Recurrent Events Analysis)

Number of participants with adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure (recurrent events analysis) is presented, categorized by number of occurrences of adjudicated MACE or hospitalization for heart failure per participant. (NCT02876835)
Timeframe: Up to 4.3 person-years for CV follow-up time period

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Occurrences per participant: 0Occurrences per participant: 1Occurrences per participant: 2Occurrences per participant: 3Occurrences per participant: 4Occurrences per participant: 5Occurrences per participant: 6Occurrences per participant: 7Occurrences per participant: 8
Daprodustat14933187626145140
Darbepoetin Alfa1518317642293011

Change From Baseline in Hb to the Average Over the Secondary Efficacy Period (Weeks 40 to 52)

The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Secondary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 40 to 52. Analysis was conducted using an ANCOVA model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<9.5 versus ≥9.5 g/dL), geographic region (US versus EU versus ROW), and NYHA CHF class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 40 to 52

Interventiong/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Vadadustat1.42
Darbepoetin Alfa1.50

Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (Hb) to the Average Over the Primary Efficacy Period (Weeks 24 to 36)

The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Primary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 24 to 36. Analysis was conducted using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<9.5 versus ≥9.5 g/dL), geographic region (United States [US] versus European Union [EU] versus Rest of World [ROW]), and New York Heart Association congestive heart failure (NYHA CHF) class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 24 to 36

InterventionGrams per deciliter (g/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Vadadustat1.26
Darbepoetin Alfa1.58

Median Time to First All-cause Mortality

"Only events that were positively adjudicated and confirmed by the EAC were included in the MACE analyses. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0016 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Up to 176 weeks

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat31.71
Darbepoetin Alfa45.36

Median Time to First Cardiovascular Death

"Cardiovascular death included EAC adjudicated fatal MI, pump failure, sudden death, presumed sudden death, fatal stroke, fatal pulmonary embolism, cardiovascular procedure-related death, other cardiovascular death, and presumed cardiovascular death. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0016 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Up to 176 weeks

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat22.00
Darbepoetin Alfa58.14

Median Time to First Cardiovascular MACE

"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Cardiovascular MACE analysis differed from the primary MACE endpoint as it included only deaths adjudicated by the EAC as cardiovascular deaths (i.e, only EAC-confirmed cardiovascular deaths) in addition to first events of non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0016 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Up to 176 weeks

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat18.50
Darbepoetin Alfa54.07

Median Time to First MACE Plus Hospitalization for Heart Failure or Thromboembolic Event Excluding Vascular Access Thrombosis

"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Hospitalization for EAC adjudicated heart failure included presentation of participants to an acute care facility requiring an overnight hospitalization (change in calendar day) with an exacerbation of heart failure requiring treatment. EAC confirmed thromboembolic events for this secondary outcome measure included arterial thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0016 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Up to 176 weeks

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat27.14
Darbepoetin Alfa47.00

Median Time to First Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE)

"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke. The primary safety outcome was positively adjudicated first MACE, which was defined as any death, Endpoint Adjudication Committee (EAC)-confirmed non-fatal MI, or EAC-confirmed non-fatal stroke occurring between the first dose date and each participant's last participation date. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0016 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02865850)
Timeframe: Up to 176 weeks

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat26.21
Darbepoetin Alfa46.64

Change From Baseline in Hb to the Average Over the Secondary Efficacy Period (Weeks 40 to 52)

The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Secondary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 40 to 52. Analysis was conducted using an ANCOVA model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<10.0 versus ≥10.0 g/dL), geographic region (US versus EU versus ROW), and NYHA CHF class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 40 to 52

Interventiong/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Vadadustat0.23
Darbepoetin Alfa0.41

Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (Hb) to the Average Over the Primary Efficacy Period (Weeks 24 to 36)

The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Primary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 24 to 36. Analysis was conducted using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<10.0 versus ≥10.0 g/dL), geographic region (United States [US] versus European Union [EU] versus Rest of World [ROW]), and New York Heart Association congestive heart failure (NYHA CHF) class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 24 to 36

InterventionGrams per deciliter (g/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Vadadustat0.19
Darbepoetin Alfa0.36

Median Time to First All-cause Mortality

"Only events that were positively adjudicated and confirmed by the EAC were included in the MACE analyses. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Up to 170 weeks

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat50.79
Darbepoetin Alfa50.43

Median Time to First Cardiovascular Death

"Cardiovascular death included EAC adjudicated fatal MI, pump failure, sudden death, presumed sudden death, fatal stroke, fatal pulmonary embolism, cardiovascular procedure-related death, other cardiovascular death, and presumed cardiovascular death. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Up to 170 weeks

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat46.14
Darbepoetin Alfa47.64

Median Time to First Cardiovascular MACE

"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Cardiovascular MACE analysis differed from the primary MACE endpoint as it included only deaths adjudicated by the EAC as cardiovascular deaths (i.e, only EAC-confirmed cardiovascular deaths) in addition to first events of non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Up to 170 weeks

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat44.57
Darbepoetin Alfa43.57

Median Time to First MACE Plus Hospitalization for Heart Failure or Thromboembolic Event Excluding Vascular Access Thrombosis

"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Hospitalization for EAC adjudicated heart failure included presentation of participants to an acute care facility requiring an overnight hospitalization (change in calendar day) with an exacerbation of heart failure requiring treatment. EAC confirmed thromboembolic events for this secondary outcome measure included arterial thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Up to 170 weeks

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat43.29
Darbepoetin Alfa45.21

Median Time to First Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE)

"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke. The primary safety outcome was positively adjudicated first MACE, which was defined as any death, Endpoint Adjudication Committee (EAC)-confirmed non-fatal MI, or EAC-confirmed non-fatal stroke occurring between the first dose date and each participant's last participation date. INNOVATE MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 (NCT02865850) and AKB-6548-CI-0017 (NCT02892149). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0016 and AKB-6548-CI-0017 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02892149)
Timeframe: Up to 170 weeks

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat48.86
Darbepoetin Alfa48.00

Change From Baseline in Hb to the Average Over the Secondary Efficacy Period (Weeks 40 to 52)

The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Secondary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 40 to 52. Analysis was conducted using an ANCOVA model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline Hb concentration (<9.5 versus ≥9.5 g/dL), geographic region (US versus EU versus ROW), and NYHA CHF class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 40 to 52

Interventiong/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Vadadustat1.52
Darbepoetin Alfa1.48

Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (Hb) to the Average Over the Primary Efficacy Period (Weeks 24 to 36)

The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Primary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 24 to 36. Analysis was conducted using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline Hb concentration (<9.5 versus ≥9.5 grams per deciliter [g/dL]), geographic region (United States [US] versus European Union [EU] versus Rest of World [ROW]), and New York Heart Association congestive heart failure (NYHA CHF) class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 24 to 36

Interventiong/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Vadadustat1.43
Darbepoetin Alfa1.38

Median Time to First All-cause Mortality

"Only events that were positively adjudicated and confirmed by the EAC were included in the MACE analyses. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0014 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat46.57
Darbepoetin Alfa47.79

Median Time to First Cardiovascular Death

"Cardiovascular death included EAC adjudicated fatal MI, pump failure, sudden death, presumed sudden death, fatal stroke, fatal pulmonary embolism, cardiovascular procedure-related death, other cardiovascular death, and presumed cardiovascular death. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0014 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat48.29
Darbepoetin Alfa41.86

Median Time to First Cardiovascular MACE

"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Cardiovascular MACE analysis differed from the primary MACE endpoint as it included only deaths adjudicated by the EAC as cardiovascular deaths (i.e, only EAC-confirmed cardiovascular deaths) in addition to first events of non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0014 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat45.86
Darbepoetin Alfa41.86

Median Time to First MACE Plus Hospitalization for Heart Failure or Thromboembolic Event Excluding Vascular Access Thrombosis

"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Hospitalization for EAC adjudicated heart failure included presentation of participants to an acute care facility requiring an overnight hospitalization (change in calendar day) with an exacerbation of heart failure requiring treatment. EAC confirmed thromboembolic events for this secondary outcome measure included arterial thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0014 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat37.64
Darbepoetin Alfa41.43

Median Time to First Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE)

"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke. The primary safety outcome was positively adjudicated first MACE, which was defined as any death, Endpoint Adjudication Committee (EAC)-confirmed non-fatal MI, or EAC-confirmed non-fatal stroke occurring between the first dose date and each participant's last participation date. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0014 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02648347)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat45.71
Darbepoetin Alfa46.71

Change From Baseline in Hb to the Average Over the Secondary Efficacy Period (Weeks 40 to 52)

The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Secondary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 40 to 52. Analysis was conducted using an ANCOVA model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<10.0 versus ≥10.0 g/dL), geographic region (US versus EU versus ROW), and NYHA CHF class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 40 to 52

Interventiong/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Vadadustat0.43
Darbepoetin Alfa0.44

Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (Hb) to the Average Over the Primary Efficacy Period (Weeks 24 to 36)

The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Primary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 24 to 36. Analysis was conducted using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<10.0 versus ≥10.0 g/dL), geographic region (United States [US] versus European Union [EU] versus Rest of World [ROW]), and New York Heart Association congestive heart failure (NYHA CHF) class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates. (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 24 to 36

InterventionGrams per deciliter (g/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Vadadustat0.41
Darbepoetin Alfa0.42

Median Time to First All-cause Mortality

"Only events that were positively adjudicated and confirmed by the EAC were included in the MACE analyses. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat57.71
Darbepoetin Alfa62.14

Median Time to First Cardiovascular Death

"Cardiovascular death included EAC adjudicated fatal MI, pump failure, sudden death, presumed sudden death, fatal stroke, fatal pulmonary embolism, cardiovascular procedure-related death, other cardiovascular death, and presumed cardiovascular death. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat48.29
Darbepoetin Alfa54.21

Median Time to First Cardiovascular MACE

"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Cardiovascular MACE analysis differed from the primary MACE endpoint as it included only deaths adjudicated by the EAC as cardiovascular deaths (i.e, only EAC-confirmed cardiovascular deaths) in addition to first events of non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat45.57
Darbepoetin Alfa50.29

Median Time to First MACE Plus Hospitalization for Heart Failure or Thromboembolic Event Excluding Vascular Access Thrombosis

"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Hospitalization for EAC adjudicated heart failure included presentation of participants to an acute care facility requiring an overnight hospitalization (change in calendar day) with an exacerbation of heart failure requiring treatment. EAC confirmed thromboembolic events for this secondary outcome measure included arterial thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat48.29
Darbepoetin Alfa49.29

Median Time to First Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE)

"MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke. The primary safety outcome was positively adjudicated first MACE, which was defined as any death, Endpoint Adjudication Committee (EAC)-confirmed non-fatal MI, or EAC-confirmed non-fatal stroke occurring between the first dose date and each participant's last participation date. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section Statistical Analysis 1. Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section Statistical Analysis 2 of this outcome measure." (NCT02680574)
Timeframe: Up to Week 208

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Vadadustat53.21
Darbepoetin Alfa58.00

Reviews

8 reviews available for glycine and Cardiovascular Diseases

ArticleYear
Meta-Analysis Addressing the Cardiovascular Safety of Daprodustat in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Dialysis or Not.
    The American journal of cardiology, 2022, 05-01, Volume: 170

    Topics: Barbiturates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Humans; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

2022
The efficacy and safety of roxadustat for anemia in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Renal failure, 2023, Volume: 45, Issue:1

    Topics: Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Glycine; Hematinics; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; R

2023
The Glitazars Paradox: Cardiotoxicity of the Metabolically Beneficial Dual PPARα and PPARγ Activation.
    Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2020, Volume: 76, Issue:5

    Topics: Alkanesulfonates; Animals; Cardiotoxicity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energ

2020
The ATP synthase glycine zipper of the c subunits: From the structural to the functional role in mitochondrial biology of cardiovascular diseases.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research, 2021, Volume: 1868, Issue:9

    Topics: Aminomethyltransferase; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Humans; Mitochondria; Models, Molecular; P

2021
The Positive Regulation of eNOS Signaling by PPAR Agonists in Cardiovascular Diseases.
    American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2017, Volume: 17, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Humans; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Oxazoles; Peroxis

2017
Multifarious Beneficial Effect of Nonessential Amino Acid, Glycine: A Review.
    Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2017, Volume: 2017

    Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Glycine; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Meta

2017
Glyphosate-based herbicides potently affect cardiovascular system in mammals: review of the literature.
    Cardiovascular toxicology, 2015, Volume: 15, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Glycine; Glyphosate; Herbicides; Humans

2015
Medical indications and considerations for future clinical decision making.
    Thrombosis research, 2003, Jul-15, Volume: 109 Suppl 1

    Topics: Azetidines; Benzylamines; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Protocols; Clinical Trials as Topic; Gly

2003

Trials

5 trials available for glycine and Cardiovascular Diseases

ArticleYear
Daprodustat for the Treatment of Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2021, 12-16, Volume: 385, Issue:25

    Topics: Aged; Anemia; Barbiturates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Epoetin Alfa; Female; Glycine

2021
Daprodustat for the Treatment of Anemia in Patients Not Undergoing Dialysis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2021, 12-16, Volume: 385, Issue:25

    Topics: Aged; Anemia; Barbiturates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hematinics;

2021
Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat for Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2021, 04-29, Volume: 384, Issue:17

    Topics: Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hematinics; Hemoglobins; H

2021
Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat for Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2021, 04-29, Volume: 384, Issue:17

    Topics: Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hematinics; Hemoglobins; H

2021
Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat for Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2021, 04-29, Volume: 384, Issue:17

    Topics: Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hematinics; Hemoglobins; H

2021
Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat for Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2021, 04-29, Volume: 384, Issue:17

    Topics: Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hematinics; Hemoglobins; H

2021
Vadadustat in Patients with Anemia and Non-Dialysis-Dependent CKD.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2021, 04-29, Volume: 384, Issue:17

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hema

2021
Vadadustat in Patients with Anemia and Non-Dialysis-Dependent CKD.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2021, 04-29, Volume: 384, Issue:17

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hema

2021
Vadadustat in Patients with Anemia and Non-Dialysis-Dependent CKD.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2021, 04-29, Volume: 384, Issue:17

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hema

2021
Vadadustat in Patients with Anemia and Non-Dialysis-Dependent CKD.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2021, 04-29, Volume: 384, Issue:17

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Darbepoetin alfa; Female; Glycine; Hema

2021
Effects of Guanidinoacetic Acid Loading on Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk and Inflammation.
    Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 2018, Volume: 72, Issue:1

    Topics: Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Dietary Supplements; Fema

2018

Other Studies

33 other studies available for glycine and Cardiovascular Diseases

ArticleYear
Increased Glycine-conjugated and Unconjugated Bile Acid Levels Associated with Aggravation of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Cardiovascular Disease in SHRSP5/Dmcr Rat.
    Acta medica Okayama, 2023, Volume: 77, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease;

2023
Development of a plasma-free amino acid-based risk score for the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in a general population: The Nagahama study.
    Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2023, Volume: 42, Issue:12

    Topics: Amines; Cardiovascular Diseases; Citrulline; Female; Glycine; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged;

2023
High plasma guanidinoacetate-to-homoarginine ratio is associated with high all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rate in adult renal transplant recipients.
    Amino acids, 2019, Volume: 51, Issue:10-12

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Follow-Up Stu

2019
Impact of Regulatory Guidance on Evaluating Cardiovascular Risk of New Glucose-Lowering Therapies to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Lessons Learned and Future Directions.
    Circulation, 2020, 03-10, Volume: 141, Issue:10

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions;

2020
Effect of arginine:lysine and glycine:methionine intake ratios on dyslipidemia and selected biomarkers implicated in cardiovascular disease: A study with hypercholesterolemic rats.
    Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2017, Volume: 91

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Amino Acids; Animals; Arginine; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseas

2017
Cardiovascular Effects and Fatality May Differ According to the Formulation of Glyphosate Salt Herbicide.
    Cardiovascular toxicology, 2018, Volume: 18, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonium Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Cross-Sectional Stu

2018
Roxadustat in the treatment of anaemia in chronic kidney disease.
    Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 2018, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Anemia; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Erythropoietin; Glycine; Hematinics; Humans; Isoquinolines

2018
Guanidinoacetic Acid and Creatine are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Healthy Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.
    Nutrients, 2018, Jan-13, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Chroma

2018
Oxidized phospholipids regulate amino acid metabolism through MTHFD2 to facilitate nucleotide release in endothelial cells.
    Nature communications, 2018, 06-12, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: Amino Acids; Aminohydrolases; Animals; Aorta; Atherosclerosis; Bayes Theorem; Cardiovascular Disease

2018
Analysis of Gly40Ser polymorphism of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) gene in different ethnic groups.
    Journal of human hypertension, 2003, Volume: 17, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Asian People; Black People; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Female

2003
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) as an antifibrillary agent in hypotermia.
    A.M.A. archives of surgery, 1957, Volume: 75, Issue:5

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Glycine Agents; Hypothermia; Ventricular Fibrillation

1957
The biochemical basis of betaine-glycocyamine therapy.
    Annals of western medicine and surgery, 1951, Volume: 5, Issue:10

    Topics: Betaine; Biochemical Phenomena; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatine; Glycine; Humans

1951
Treatment of cardiac decompensation with betaine and glycocyamine.
    Annals of western medicine and surgery, 1951, Volume: 5, Issue:10

    Topics: Betaine; Biochemical Phenomena; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatine; Glycine; Heart Failure; Humans

1951
Use of betaine and glycocyamine in the treatment of patients with heart disease: preliminary report.
    Annals of western medicine and surgery, 1951, Volume: 5, Issue:10

    Topics: Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatine; Glycine; Heart Diseases; Humans

1951
The effects of age and hyperhomocysteinemia on the redox forms of plasma thiols.
    The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 2004, Volume: 144, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Proteins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Ch

2004
[Gastrointestinal bleeding during low dose acetylsalicylic acid. Is Godamed-100 TAH an alternative to conventional ASS preparations?].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2005, Apr-22, Volume: 130, Issue:16

    Topics: Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Combinations; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Glycine; Humans; P

2005
Cardiovascular risk in relation to alpha-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphism and systolic pressure: a prospective population study.
    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2005, Volume: 46, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; Cardiovascu

2005
Effect of muraglitazar on death and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    JAMA, 2005, Nov-23, Volume: 294, Issue:20

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellit

2005
Selling safety--lessons from muraglitazar.
    JAMA, 2005, Nov-23, Volume: 294, Issue:20

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Glycine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age

2005
Paradoxical inflammation revisited: muraglitazar and cardiovascular risk.
    Medical hypotheses, 2006, Volume: 66, Issue:4

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Oxazoles; Risk

2006
Drug safety system needs overhaul, experts say.
    Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2006, Mar-15, Volume: 98, Issue:6

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Conflict of Interest; Drug Approval; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse

2006
Adverse events related to muraglitazar use in diabetes.
    JAMA, 2006, May-03, Volume: 295, Issue:17

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glycine; Humans; Hypoglycemic

2006
Adverse events related to muraglitazar use in diabetes.
    JAMA, 2006, May-03, Volume: 295, Issue:17

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glycine; Humans; Hypoglycemic

2006
Muraglitazar: beneficial or detrimental in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes?
    Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2006, Volume: 7, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycine; Humans; Hypogl

2006
Receptor for advanced glycation end products Glycine 82 Serine polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis.
    Arthritis research & therapy, 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cardiovascular Diseases; Genetic

2007
Angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D and alpha-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphisms: from angiotensin-converting enzyme activity to cardiovascular outcome.
    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2007, Volume: 49, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Diuretics; F

2007
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) Lys56Met and Gly241Arg gene variants, plasma-soluble ICAM1 concentrations, and risk of incident cardiovascular events in 23,014 initially healthy white women.
    Stroke, 2007, Volume: 38, Issue:12

    Topics: Aged; Arginine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Glycine; Humans; Inter

2007
The arginine-creatine pathway is disturbed in children and adolescents with renal transplants.
    Pediatric research, 2008, Volume: 64, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Arginine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Child; Creatine; Creatinine; Fe

2008
Renal impairment in chronic cigarette smokers.
    Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 1998, Volume: 9, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Cross

1998
The TURP syndrome: importance of expiratory ethanol measurement and high serum levels of glycine.
    Archivos espanoles de urologia, 2001, Volume: 54, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breath Tests; Cardiovascular Diseases; Ethanol; Glycine; Humans; Male; Midd

2001
Acute poisoning with a glyphosate-surfactant herbicide ('Roundup'): a review of 93 cases.
    Human & experimental toxicology, 1991, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Central Nervous Sy

1991
The physiologic basis of the TUR syndrome.
    The Journal of surgical research, 1989, Volume: 46, Issue:2

    Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Female; Glycine; Hyponat

1989
Complications of transurethral prostatic surgery.
    Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1970, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Burns, Electric; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycine; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Midd

1970