glyceryl-monothioglycolate and Hand-Dermatoses

Allergic contact dermatitis is common in hairdressers because of their exposure to chemicals used in hair dyes and permanent wave solutions. Atopic individuals are known to have a higher prevalence of leaving the profession due to morbidity associated with hand eczema.. To assess which chemicals are responsible for allergic contact dermatitis in hairdressers and whether the prevalence is the same according to atopy status.. A total of 729 hairdressers who had been patch tested were retrospectively identified. Allergic reactions to relevant allergens from the extended European baseline series and hairdressing series were analysed against history of atopic eczema.. Of the total, 29.9% of patients had a current or past history of atopic eczema. The most frequent positive allergens from the European baseline series were nickel sulfate (32.1%) and p-phenylenediamine (19.0%) and from the hairdressing series were glyceryl monothioglycolate (21.4%) and ammonium persulfate (10.6%). There was no significant difference between people with or without a history of atopic eczema, except for fragrance mix I and nickel sulfate.. We present findings from the largest cohort of hairdressers patch tested from a single centre. It is necessary to patch test hairdressers with dermatitis, regardless of a history of atopy. Strategies to reduce prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis are required.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allergens; Ammonium Sulfate; Cohort Studies; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Eczema; Female; Glycerides; Hair Preparations; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nickel; Occupational Exposure; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Allergens; Beauty Culture; Dermatitis, Occupational; Female; Glycerides; Hair Preparations; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Patch Tests

Topics: Barbering; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Europe; Female; Glycerides; Hair Preparations; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Intradermal Tests; Irritants; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Occupational Exposure; Patch Tests

Topics: Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Epoxy Resins; Equipment Design; Gloves, Protective; Glycerides; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Methylmethacrylate; Methylmethacrylates

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Glucocorticoids; Glycerides; Hair Preparations; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male

Eight hairdressers and four clients were found to be allergic to glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMTG) contained in "acid" permanent waves used in American beauty salons only since 1973. Previous studies in Germany showed that compounds closely related to GMTG were strong sensitizers. In contrast, ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) has been used since 1943 in cold "alkaline" permanent waves both in homes and in salons with no clearly documented cases of contact allergy. Our allergic patients reacted to GMTG in concentrations as low as 0.25%, although their exposure in practice could reach concentrations of 20% to 80%. GMTG-allergic patients reacted to GMTG when it was tested through a variety of glove fabrics. Household-weight neoprene gloves were protective.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Allergens; Beauty Culture; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Female; Glycerides; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Patch Tests; Scalp Dermatoses

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Beauty Culture; Dermatitis, Occupational; Female; Formaldehyde; Glycerides; Hair Preparations; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Irritants; Male; Middle Aged; Nickel; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Skin Tests