glutamine and Hepatic Encephalopathy

glutamine has been researched along with Hepatic Encephalopathy in 206 studies

Research

Studies (206)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	63 (30.58)	18.7374
1990's	41 (19.90)	18.2507
2000's	43 (20.87)	29.6817
2010's	47 (22.82)	24.3611
2020's	12 (5.83)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Braissant, O; Cudalbu, C; Lanz, B; Lepore, M; McLin, VA; Mosso, J; Poitry-Yamate, C; Simicic, D; Yin, T	1
Andersen, JV; Bak, LK; Dam, G; Ott, P; Schousboe, A; Sørensen, M; Vilstrup, H; Walls, AB	1
Claeys, W; Geerts, A; Ghesquière, B; Lefere, S; Van Hoecke, L; Van Imschoot, G; Van Steenkiste, C; Van Vlierberghe, H; Van Wonterghem, E; Vandenbroucke, RE	1
Ahn, S; Butz, M; Füllenbach, ND; Häussinger, D; Jördens, MS; Ljimani, A; Oeltzschner, G; Schnitzler, A; Thiel, TA; Wilms, LM; Wittsack, HJ; Zöllner, HJ	1
Abdelshaheed, C; Brew, BJ; Chaganti, J; Cysique, L; Danta, M; Lockart, I; Montagnese, S; Tun, N; Zeng, G	1
Braissant, O; Cudalbu, C; McLin, VA; Oldani, G; Rackayova, V; Sessa, D; Simicic, D; Toso, C	1
Li, Y; Liu, XF; Lu, JJ; Qiang, JW; Yang, XY	1
Ampuero, J; Camacho, I; Gil, A; Millán, R; Rico, MC; Romero-Gómez, M; Viloria, MDM	1
Jaffe, A; Jakab, SS; Lim, JK	1
Braissant, O; Cudalbu, C; McLin, VA; Rackayova, V; Rougemont, AL	1
Cole, S; Csete, M; King, KS; Mena, E; Tran, TT; Wei, K	1
Asaki, Y; Hara, M; Murofushi, Y; Takanashi, JI; Yasukawa, K	1
Jalan, R; Thabut, D; Weiss, N	1
Albrecht, J; Dabrowska, K; Obara-Michlewska, M; Popek, M; Skowronska, K; Zielinska, M	1
Ampuero, J; Gallego-Durán, R; García-Valdecasas, M; Gil-GÓmez, A; Gómez-Sotelo, AI; Muñoz-Hernández, R; Ranchal, I; Rojas, Á; Romero Gómez, M	1
Fiati Kenston, SS; Li, Z; Song, X; Zhao, J	1
Kircheis, G; Lüth, S	1
Braissant, O; Cudalbu, C; Grosse, J; McLin, VA; Pierzchala, K; Rackayová, V	1
Almeida, MD; Barsottini, OGP; Ciarlariello, VB; Fujino, MVT; Pedroso, JL	1
Ahluwalia, V; Bajaj, JS; Bouneva, I; Fuchs, M; Gilles, H; Heuman, DM; Kraft, KA; Luketic, V; Puri, P; Sanyal, AJ; Sterling, RK; Stravitz, RT; Thacker, L; Wade, JB	1
Holecek, M	3
Alexeeva, O; Baranovsky, A; Bass, NM; Brown, RS; Coakley, D; Dickinson, K; Dudar, L; Fadieienko, G; Ghabril, M; Grewal, P; Grinevich, V; Kharchenko, N; Klaryts'ka, I; Mantry, P; McCashland, T; Mokhtarani, M; Morozov, V; Norris, C; Reddy, KG; Reddy, KR; Rockey, DC; Scharschmidt, BF; Syplyviy, V; Vierling, JM; Zupanets, IA	1
Cojocariu, C; Irimia, R; Sfarti, C; Stanciu, C; Trifan, A	1
Bartley, J; Berquist, W; Berry, SA; Brown, RS; Coakley, D; Diaz, GA; Dickinson, K; Feigenbaum, A; Gallagher, R; Ghabril, M; Harding, C; Lee, B; Lemons, C; Lichter-Konecki, U; Longo, N; Mantry, P; McCandless, SE; Milikien, DA; Mokhtarani, M; Moors, T; Nagamani, SC; Norris, C; Rhead, W; Rockey, DC; Scharschmidt, BF; Schulze, A; Smith, W; Vierling, JM	1
El Yamany, SA; Hamisa, MF; Hasan, AM; Soliman, HH; Ziada, DH	1
Cooper, AJ; Kuhara, T	1
Chavarria, L; Cordoba, J	1
Ott, P; Vilstrup, H	1
Bosoi, CR; Huynh, J; Marin, H; Parent-Robitaille, C; Rose, CF; Tremblay, M; Zwingmann, C	1
Beckman, K; Carrera, I; Dennler, M; Kircher, PR; Meier, D; Richter, H	1
Lu, GM; Su, YY; Wu, S; Yang, GF; Zhang, LJ	1
Chen, YC; Li, YH; Meng, LP; Ye, JL; Zhu, JS	1
Balart, LA; Parekh, PJ	1
Baumgarten, TJ; Butz, M; Hoogenboom, N; Oeltzschner, G; Schnitzler, A; Wittsack, HJ	1
Chen, Y; Hertz, L; Peng, L; Song, D	1
Ju, S; Li, Y; Mei, L; Qiang, J; Zhao, S	1
Galán, JJ; Jover, M; Romero-Gómez, M; Ruiz, A	1
Bak, LK; Iversen, P; Keiding, S; Ott, P; Schousboe, A; Sørensen, M; Vilstrup, H; Waagepetersen, HS	1
Smith, T; White, RP; Wong, SH	1
Arroyo, V; Baccaro, ME; Ginès, P; Gómez-Ansón, B; Guevara, M; Martín-Llahí, M; Monté-Rubio, GC; Rami, L; Ríos, J; Torre, A; Torres, F	1
Agarwal, J; Gupta, RK; Lal, R; Pandey, CM; Saraswat, VA; Srivastava, A; Thomas, MA; Yachha, SK; Yadav, SK	1
Heins, J; Zwingmann, C	1
Ahl, B; Berding, G; Bokemeyer, M; Buchert, R; Goldbecker, A; Lichtinghagen, R; Weissenborn, K; Wilke, F	1
Albrecht, J; Norenberg, MD; Zielińska, M	1
Gupta, RK; Lal, R; Saraswat, VA; Srivastava, A; Thomas, MA; Yachha, SK; Yadav, SK	1
Blamire, AM; Mardini, H; Record, CO; Smith, FE	1
Gupta, RK; Saraswat, VA; Srivastava, A; Thomas, MA; Yachha, SK; Yadav, SK	1
Albrecht, J; Bringmann, A; Hilgier, W; Karl, A; Obara-Michlewska, M; Pannicke, T; Reichenbach, A; Szeliga, M; Szewczyk, A; Wrzosek, A	1
Agusti, A; Cauli, O; Felipo, V; Hernández-Rabaza, V; Llansola, M; Rodrigo, R	1
Frias-Martinez, E; Gupta, RK; Guze, B; Han, SH; Hinkin, CH; Huda, A; Nagarajan, R; Sarma, MK; Sayre, J; Thomas, MA; Wilson, N	1
Arranz, JA; Córdoba, J; Oria, M; Raguer, N; Riudor, E; Romero-Giménez, J	1
Burkhard, PR; Ditisheim, S; Giostra, E; Goossens, N; Hadengue, A; Mentha, G; Spahr, L	1
Blanco Vela, CI; Poo Ramírez, JL	1
Jayakumar, AR; Norenberg, MD; Rama Rao, KV	2
Butterworth, RF; Desjardins, P; Du, T; Jiang, W; Peng, L	1
Borkar, VV; Gupta, RK; Pandey, CM; Rathore, RK; Srivastava, A; Thomas, MA; Yachha, SK; Yadav, A; Yadav, SK	1
Bjerring, PN; Clemmesen, JO; Frederiksen, HJ; Hauerberg, J; Larsen, FS; Nielsen, HB	1
Ahluwalia, V; Bajaj, JS; Bouneva, I; Fuchs, M; Gilles, H; Heuman, DM; Kraft, KA; Luketic, V; Monteith, P; Noble, NA; Puri, P; Sanyal, AJ; Sterling, RK; Stravitz, RT; Wade, JB; White, MB	1
Bodega, G; Ciordia, S; Córdoba, J; Fernández, B; García, MI; Juárez, S; Köber, M; López-Fernández, LA; Luna, M; Oria, M; Penedo, M; Suárez, I	1
Mardini, H; Record, C	1
Norenberg, MD; Rama Rao, KV	1
Dayrell-Hart, B; Djali, S; Drobatz, KJ; Heyes, MP; Holt, DE; Robinson, MB; Washabau, RJ	1
Pérez-Pinzón, MA; Veauvy, CM; Walsh, PJ; Wang, Y	1
Bidmon, HJ; Görg, B; Häussinger, D; Müller, HW; Schliess, F; Warskulat, U	1
Benitez, S; Camacho, I; Castro, M; Grande, L; Irles, JA; Romero-Gómez, M	1
Bauer, E; Kramer, L	1
Davies, N; Jalan, R; Shawcross, D	1
DAVIDSON, CS; SCHWARTZ, R; SEEGMILLER, JE	1
WEWALKA, F	1
DUCCI, H; VELASCO, M	1
BODONYI, E; GILON, E; SZEINBERG, A; TAUMAN, G	1
CHIOFFALO, N; CUEVAS, M; CUEVAS, N; GALVEZ, S; KATZ, R; KLINGER, J; VACCAREZZA, A; VELASCO, M	1
BEL, A; DORCHE, J; GIRARD, M; MINAIRE, Y; REVILLARD, JP; VALLON, C	1
DASTUR, DK; SESHADRI, R; TALAGERI, VR	1
DUBIN, A; KAZEMI, F; KISSANE, J; STEIGMANN, F	1
TOBE, BA	1
BRULICH, M; KISFALUDY, S	1
Hutchinson, JH; Labby, DH	1
KOCHAR, BK; LAHA, PN	1
RAULDUMM, F; SCHAPOSNIK, F	1
MANNING, RT	1
BOCKEL, R; HUTCHINSON, JH; IMLER, M; LABBY, DH; STAHL, J	1
WHITEHEAD, TP; WHITTAKER, SR	1
Butterworth, RF; Chatauret, N; Leibfritz, D; Rose, C; Zwingmann, C	1
Camacho, I; Grande, L; Romero-Gómez, M	1
Alonso, J; Córdoba, J; Esteban, R; Guardia, J; Jacas, C; Ortiz, M; Quiroga, S; Rovira, A	1
Bautista, JD; Grande, L; Ramos Guerrero, RM; Romero Gómez, M; Sánchez Muñoz, D	1
Brusilow, SW; Traystman, R	1
Graziadei, IW; Hinterhuber, H; Kugener, A; Marksteiner, J; Mattedi, M; Mechtcheriakov, S; Schocke, M; Vogel, W	1
Binesh, N; Bugbee, M; Green, M; Gupta, R; Han, S; Huda, A; Kumar, A; Rasgon, N; Thomas, MA	1
Gregor, M; Hass, HG; Hösl, F; Kaiser, S; Nägele, T; Seeger, U	1
Leibfritz, D; Zwingmann, C	1
Butterworth, R; Zwingmann, C	1
Barbiroli, B; Clementi, V; Iotti, S; Lodi, R; Malucelli, E; Tonon, C	1
Alonso, J; Bosch, J; Córdoba, J; García-Pagán, JC; Mínguez, B; Rovira, A; Turnes, J	1
Puente, V; Rodriguez-Campello, A; Roquer, J; Segura-Bruna, N	1
Albrecht, J; Norenberg, MD	1
Maher, TJ; Wang, L; Wurtman, RJ	1
Strauss, GI	1
Zwingmann, C	2
Bodega, G; Fernández, B; Paniagua, C; Suárez, I; Vacas, E	1
Gupta, RK; Kumar, M; Purwar, A; Rai, V; Rathore, RS; Saksena, S; Saraswat, VA; Thomas, MA	1
Butterworth, RF; Vaquero, J	1
Gupta, RK; Nath, K; Radha Krishna, Y; Saraswat, VA; Thomas, MA; Verma, A	1
Blanke, CD; Chan, JS; Harding, CO	1
Brinck, P; Huidobro, JG; Zacarías, JS	1
Kovacevic, Z; McGivan, JD	1
Hilgier, W	1
Butterworth, RF; Giguère, JF	1
Fujiwara, M; Higashi, T; Nagashima, H; Nakatsukasa, H; Sakata, T; Shiota, T; Takei, N; Watanabe, A	1
Albrecht, J; Hilgier, W	1
Goić, A; González, M; Velasco, C; Velasco, M	1
Cangiano, C; Capocaccia, L; Cardelli-Cangiano, P; Cascino, A; Cockerill, EM; Farber, MO; Manfredi, F; Rossi-Fanelli, F	1
Barreto, FJ; Gonçalves e Silva, GE; Travassos, FM	1
Frick, A; Imler, M; Schlienger, JL	1
Bender, AS; Norenberg, MD	1
Antonson, DL; Chu, WK; Fox, IJ; Heffron, TG; Langnas, AN; McConnell, JR; Ong, CS; Shaw, BW	1
Audet, RM; Butterworth, RF; Rao, VL	1
Dejong, CH; Deutz, NE; Soeters, PB	1
Bayer, S; Ernst, T; Gerok, W; Häussinger, D; Hennig, J; Langer, M; Laubenberger, J; vom Dahl, S	1
Ernst, T; Jacobson, S; Korula, J; Kreis, R; Moats, RA; Ross, BD; Shonk, T; Villamil, F	1
Redondo, IM; Szerb, JC	1
De Joseph, MR; Hawkins, RA; Jessy, J; Mans, AM	1
Dhiman, RK; Gujral, RB; Gupta, RK; Kohli, A; Naik, SR; Poptani, H; Saraswat, VA	1
Cordoba, J	1
Balladur, P; Baudrimont, M; Coudray-Lucas, C; Cynober, L; Delelo, R; Legendre, C; Mariani, P; Nordlinger, B; Ribeiro, J	1
Blei, AT; Cordoba, J; Mujais, S	1
Blei, AT; Cordoba, J; Gottstein, J	1
Chung, JC; Kanamori, K; Kuo, EL; Ross, BD	1
Blüml, S; Danielsen, ER; Ross, BD	1
Blei, AT; Coy, DL; Finn, B; Steindl, PE; Zee, PC	1
Bayer, S; Gufler, H; Häussinger, D; Hennig, J; Langer, M; Laubenberger, J	1
Blei, AT	2
Jürgens, P	1
Al-Mardini, H; Oppong, KN; Record, CO; Thick, M	1
Mikami, M; Morimoto, Y; Morishita, H; Tsuji, T; Ukida, M	1
Albrecht, J; Dolinska, M; Rafalowska, U; Waskiewicz, J	1
Cerra, FB; Gruetter, R; Nyberg, SL	1
Bayer, S; Hennig, J; Langer, M; Laubenberger, J; Thiel, T	1
Agarwal, VP; Haseler, LJ; McCarthy, DM; Mojtahedzadeh, HN; Reddy, S; Sibbitt, WL	1
Albrecht, J; Borkowska, HD; Gadamski, R; Hilgier, W; Oja, SS; Saransaari, P; Walski, M; Zielińska, M	1
Kim, ST; Lee, JH; Lee, YS; Lim, TH; Min, YI; Mun, CW; Seo, DW; Suh, DJ	1
Bell, JD; Buckley, C; Changani, KK; Hodgson, HJ; Taylor-Robinson, SD	1
Arikan, K; Coskun, T; Guvener, B; Oran, O	1
Gregor, M; Grodd, W; Kaiser, S; Klose, U; Lauchart, W; Mader, I; Mayer, J; Naegele, T; Seeger, U; Seitz, D; Viebahn, R; Voigt, K	1
Hamuro, M; Higashida, M; Kaminou, T; Matsuoka, T; Nakamura, K; Yamada, R	1
Efrati, C; Masini, A; Merli, M; Riggio, O; Valeriano, V	1
Danbolt, NC	1
Blüml, S; Moreno-Torres, A; Ross, BD	1
Albrecht, J; Dolińska, M	1
Albrecht, J; Hilgier, W; Law, RO; Zielińska, M	1
James, JH	1
Delcker, A; Mihm, U; Pilatus, U; Raab, P; Rusch, O; Turowski, B; Zanella, FE; Zeuzem, S	1
Fischer, JE; James, JH; Jeppsson, B; Ziparo, V	1
Nicoloff, DM; Zieve, L	1
Doizaki, W; Nicoloff, D; Zieve, L	1
Endtz, LJ; Goor, C; Kuys, J; Lombarts, AJ; Oei, LT	1
Hindfelt, B	1
Mel'k, MV	3
Abdel Aziz, FT; Almallah, Z; Alsayed, M; Alshamaony, L; Shikara, I	1
Arora, RC; Mehrotra, MP; Tandan, S	1
Sunakorn, P	1
Ganda, OP; Ruderman, NB	1
Bottomley, PA	1
Ackerman, Z; Farrow, NA; Kreis, R; Ross, BD	1
Albrecht, J; Hilgier, W; Puka, M	1
Dejong, CH; Deutz, NE; Kampman, MT; Soeters, PB	1
Farrow, N; Kreis, R; Ross, BD	2
Bosman, DK; Bovee, WM; Chamuleau, RA; de Graaf, AA; de Haan, JG; Deutz, NE	1
Bosman, DK; Bovée, WM; Chamuleau, RA; den Hollander, JA; Luyten, PR	1
Hong, RW; Rodrick, ML; Rounds, JD; van Leeuwen, PA; Wilmore, D	1
Dodd, PR; Johnston, GA; Leong, DK; Maddison, JE	1
Askanazi, J; Gil, KM; Kvetan, V; Newsholme, EA; Rothkopf, MM; Skeie, B	1
Dubin, A; Javaid, JI; Mizock, BA; Poulos, A; Rackow, EC; Sabelli, HC	1
Hernández, G; Videla, C	1
Burke, GS; Dubin, A; Mizock, BA; Rackow, EC	1
Bode, C; Bode, JC; Schäfer, K; Steffen, C; Ukida, M; Zelder, O	1
Butterworth, RF; Giguère, JF; Lavoie, J; Layrargues, GP	1
Arieff, AI; Fraser, CL	1
Fischer, JE	1
Ilinich, VK; Plastun, FF	1
Duffy, TE; Plum, F; Vergara, F	2
Kardel, T	1
Coovadia, HM; Loening, WE; Parent, MA	1
Pfleiderer, T	1
Virgilio, L	1
Hofmann, AF; Summerskill, WH; Webster, KH; Willson, RA	1
Plum, F	1
Polli, EE	1
Galli, C; Maiolo, AT; Polli, EE; Porro, GB; Sessa, M	1
Berl, S	1
Gal'perin, BL; Krichevskiĭ, IuA; Ruzhitskaia, NN; Zheriakova, ZM	1
Schenker, S; Walker, CO	1
Brinck, P; Harum, A; Zacarías, J	1
Agrest, A; Jaikin, A	1
Franczak, T	1

Reviews

45 review(s) available for glutamine and Hepatic Encephalopathy

Article	Year
Pathophysiology of Hepatic Encephalopathy. Clinics in liver disease, 2020, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Diabetes Complications; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Histamine; Humans; Inflammation; Liver Cirrhosis; Manganese; Microglia; Oxidative Stress; Serotonin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha	2020
Roles of Glutamate and Glutamine Transport in Ammonia Neurotoxicity: State of the Art and Question Marks. Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2018, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Kinetics; Mitochondria; Neurons	2018
Mechanistic insight, diagnosis, and treatment of ammonia-induced hepatic encephalopathy. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2019, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Ammonia; Diet; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Urea	2019
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of L-Ornithine L-Aspartate (LOLA) in Hepatic Encephalopathy. Drugs, 2019, Volume: 79, Issue:Suppl 1 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Muscles; Rats; Signal Transduction	2019
Branched-chain amino acids and ammonia metabolism in liver disease: therapeutic implications. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2013, Volume: 29, Issue:10 Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Ammonia; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kidney; Liver Cirrhosis; Muscle, Skeletal; Phenylbutyrates	2013
Evidence of a vicious cycle in glutamine synthesis and breakdown in pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy-therapeutic perspectives. Metabolic brain disease, 2014, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Ammonia; Brain; Critical Illness; Drug Interactions; Enterocytes; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Intestines; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kidney; Liver; Microbiota; Muscle, Skeletal; Organ Specificity; Phenylbutyrates	2014
α-Ketoglutaramate: an overlooked metabolite of glutamine and a biomarker for hepatic encephalopathy and inborn errors of the urea cycle. Metabolic brain disease, 2014, Volume: 29, Issue:4 Topics: Amidohydrolases; Aminohydrolases; Ammonia; Animals; Biomarkers; Carbon; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Keto Acids; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kynurenine; Liver Diseases; Mammals; Methionine; Nitrogen; Sulfur; Transaminases; Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn	2014
Magnetic resonance of the brain in chronic and acute liver failure. Metabolic brain disease, 2014, Volume: 29, Issue:4 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Edema; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure; Liver Failure, Acute; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroimaging	2014
Cerebral effects of ammonia in liver disease: current hypotheses. Metabolic brain disease, 2014, Volume: 29, Issue:4 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Diffusion; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex; Lactates; Liver Diseases; Mitochondria; Models, Biological; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission	2014
Ammonia and amino acid profiles in liver cirrhosis: effects of variables leading to hepatic encephalopathy. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2015, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Amino Acids, Aromatic; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Ammonia; Brain; Dietary Proteins; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Inflammation; Liver Cirrhosis; Muscle, Skeletal	2015
PET and MR imaging of neuroinflammation in hepatic encephalopathy. Metabolic brain disease, 2015, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Brain Edema; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Imidazoles; Inflammation; Isoquinolines; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Microglia; Mitochondria; Multimodal Imaging; Neuroimaging; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Positron-Emission Tomography; Psychometrics; Pyrazoles; Pyrimidines; Rats	2015
Ammonia and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy. Clinics in liver disease, 2015, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Blood-Brain Barrier; Chronic Disease; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Diseases	2015
Multifactorial Effects on Different Types of Brain Cells Contribute to Ammonia Toxicity. Neurochemical research, 2017, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cyclic GMP; Energy Metabolism; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure, Acute; Potassium; Pyruvic Acid; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2	2017
Gut ammonia production and its modulation. Metabolic brain disease, 2009, Volume: 24, Issue:1 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Intestine, Small; Liver Circulation; Liver Failure, Acute; Mutation	2009
Organic osmolytes in hyponatremia and ammonia toxicity. Metabolic brain disease, 2010, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain Edema; Cell Size; Electrolytes; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Hyponatremia; Water-Electrolyte Balance	2010
Glutamine as a mediator of ammonia neurotoxicity: A critical appraisal. Biochemical pharmacology, 2010, Nov-01, Volume: 80, Issue:9 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cyclic GMP; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mitochondria; Nitric Oxide	2010
Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and brain edema in acute liver failure: role of glutamine redefined. Neurochemistry international, 2012, Volume: 60, Issue:7 Topics: Ammonia; Biological Transport; Brain; Brain Edema; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute	2012
Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy: lessons from nitrogen challenges in man. Metabolic brain disease, 2013, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Colon; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Nitrogen	2013
Glutamine in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy: the trojan horse hypothesis revisited. Neurochemical research, 2014, Volume: 39, Issue:3 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Mitochondria; Stress, Physiological	2014
Extracorporeal treatment in fulminant hepatic failure: pathophysiologic considerations. The International journal of artificial organs, 2002, Volume: 25, Issue:10 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain Edema; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Inflammation Mediators; Liver; Liver Failure; Liver, Artificial	2002
The molecular pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology, 2003, Volume: 35, Issue:8 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Failure, Acute	2003
CHEMISTRY OF AMMONIA INTOXICATION. Biochemical clinics, 1964, Volume: 3 Topics: Ammonia; Arginine; Carboxy-Lyases; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Kidney; Metabolism; Neurologic Manifestations; Potassium; Toxicology; Transaminases	1964
[New concepts in the physiopathology of hepatic encephalopathy and therapeutic prospects]. Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 2004, Volume: 27 Suppl 1 Topics: Ammonia; Brain; Brain Edema; Dipeptides; Flumazenil; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Inflammation; Intestine, Small; Kidney; Memantine; Models, Molecular; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nitric Oxide	2004
Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Metabolic brain disease, 2004, Volume: 19, Issue:3-4 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Nerve Degeneration; Oxidative Stress; Water-Electrolyte Balance	2004
An update on the role of brain glutamine synthesis and its relation to cell-specific energy metabolism in the hyperammonemic brain: further studies using NMR spectroscopy. Neurochemistry international, 2005, Volume: 47, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Edema; Energy Metabolism; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Water-Electrolyte Balance	2005
Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2006, Volume: 114, Issue:1 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain; Brain Edema; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing); Carnitine; Diagnosis, Differential; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Valproic Acid	2006
Glutamine: a Trojan horse in ammonia neurotoxicity. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2006, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Ammonia; Astrocytes; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress	2006
The effect of hyperventilation upon cerebral blood flow and metabolism in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Danish medical bulletin, 2007, Volume: 54, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Ammonia; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperventilation; Liver Failure, Acute; Oxygen; Telencephalon	2007
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of energy metabolism and glutamine shunt in hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia. Journal of neuroscience research, 2007, Nov-15, Volume: 85, Issue:15 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Liver Failure; Magnetic Resonance Imaging	2007
The anaplerotic flux and ammonia detoxification in hepatic encephalopathy. Metabolic brain disease, 2007, Volume: 22, Issue:3-4 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pyruvate Carboxylase	2007
Mechanisms of brain edema in acute liver failure and impact of novel therapeutic interventions. Neurological research, 2007, Volume: 29, Issue:7 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Brain Edema; Energy Metabolism; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Liver Failure, Acute	2007
Mitochondrial metabolism of glutamine and glutamate and its physiological significance. Physiological reviews, 1983, Volume: 63, Issue:2 Topics: Acidosis; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Energy Metabolism; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Intestine, Small; Intracellular Membranes; Kidney; Liver; Mitochondria; Mitochondria, Liver; Muscles; Neoplasms; Organ Specificity; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats	1983
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: the new gold standard for diagnosis of clinical and subclinical hepatic encephalopathy? Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 1996, Volume: 14 Suppl 1 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Choline; Cognition Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hydrogen; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Transplantation; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; Protons	1996
Pathogenesis of brain edema in fulminant hepatic failure. Progress in liver diseases, 1995, Volume: 13 Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase	1995
New aspects on etiology, biochemistry, and therapy of portal systemic encephalopathy: a critical survey. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 1997, Volume: 13, Issue:6 Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds	1997
Brain edema and portal-systemic encephalopathy. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society, 2000, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Suppl 1 Topics: Brain; Brain Edema; Flumazenil; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Lactulose; Liver Cirrhosis; Necrosis; Prognosis	2000
Glutamate uptake. Progress in neurobiology, 2001, Volume: 65, Issue:1 Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Anesthetics; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bone and Bones; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Ethanol; Extracellular Space; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; HIV Infections; Humans; Intracellular Fluid; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Channels; Ion Transport; Ischemia; Male; Mammals; Mercury Poisoning; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nervous System Diseases; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Organ Specificity; Placenta; Potassium; Pregnancy; Protein Conformation; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Sodium; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Viscera	2001
Glutamine as a pathogenic factor in hepatic encephalopathy. Journal of neuroscience research, 2001, Jul-01, Volume: 65, Issue:1 Topics: Brain; Brain Edema; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans	2001
Branched chain amino acids in heptatic encephalopathy. American journal of surgery, 2002, Volume: 183, Issue:4 Topics: Amino Acid Transport System L; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Ammonia; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Dopamine; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Serotonin	2002
Pathogenesis of hepatic coma. Annual review of medicine, 1975, Volume: 26 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cell Membrane; Dogs; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Synaptic Transmission	1975
Branch-chain amino acids: their metabolism and clinical utility. Critical care medicine, 1990, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Critical Care; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Proteins; Stress, Physiological; Synaptic Transmission; Tryptophan	1990
Hepatic encephalopathy. The New England journal of medicine, 1985, Oct-03, Volume: 313, Issue:14 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Demyelinating Diseases; Fatty Acids; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hypernatremia; Hyponatremia; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lactulose; Methionine; Neomycin; Pons; Synaptic Transmission; Tryptophan	1985
Hepatic coma in cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and following portacaval shunt. Its etiologies and the current status of its treatment. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 1974, Volume: 108, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Brain; Chronic Disease; Colon; Dietary Proteins; Fatty Acids; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Lactulose; Liver Cirrhosis; Neomycin; Neurotransmitter Agents; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Postoperative Complications; Sterilization; Urease	1974
[Treatment of acute hepatic insufficiency (a survey of the literature)]. Voenno-meditsinskii zhurnal, 1972, Volume: 12 Topics: Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphate; Arginine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Folic Acid; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Liver; Liver Diseases; Potassium Chloride; Radiation Injuries; Spironolactone; Thiamine Pyrophosphate; Thioctic Acid	1972
[Hepatic coma--clinical aspects and biochemistry]. Deutsches medizinisches Journal, 1968, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10 Topics: Alkalosis; Ammonia; Glucose; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypokalemia; Hypoxia; Kidney; Liver; Liver Function Tests	1968

Trials

5 trial(s) available for glutamine and Hepatic Encephalopathy

Article	Year
Randomized, double-blind, controlled study of glycerol phenylbutyrate in hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2014, Volume: 59, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutamine; Glycerol; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylbutyrates; Treatment Outcome; Urea; Young Adult	2014
Can Lactobacillus acidophilus improve minimal hepatic encephalopathy? A neurometabolite study using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology, 2013, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Brain; Choline; Creatinine; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Gastrointestinal Tract; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactulose; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Probiotics	2013
Prognostic value of altered oral glutamine challenge in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2004, Volume: 39, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Prevalence; Prognosis; Psychometrics; Risk Assessment; Survival Analysis	2004
Assessment of glutamate and glutamine contribution to in vivo N-acetylaspartate quantification in human brain by (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:6 Topics: Algorithms; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity	2005
Subclinical hepatic encephalopathy: proton MR spectroscopic abnormalities. Radiology, 1994, Volume: 193, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests	1994

Other Studies

156 other study(ies) available for glutamine and Hepatic Encephalopathy

Article	Year
PET CMR Analytical biochemistry, 2022, 06-15, Volume: 647 Topics: Animals; Brain; Glucose; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats	2022
Low cerebral energy metabolism in hepatic encephalopathy reflects low neuronal energy demand. Role of ammonia-induced increased GABAergic tone. Analytical biochemistry, 2022, 10-01, Volume: 654 Topics: Ammonia; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Neurons	2022
A mouse model of hepatic encephalopathy: bile duct ligation induces brain ammonia overload, glial cell activation and neuroinflammation. Scientific reports, 2022, 10-20, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Bile Ducts; Brain; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Kynurenine; Liver Diseases; Mice; Microglia; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Rats; Taurine; Tryptophan	2022
J-difference GABA-edited MRS reveals altered cerebello-thalamo-cortical metabolism in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Metabolic brain disease, 2023, Volume: 38, Issue:4 Topics: Ammonia; Cerebellum; Choline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol	2023
Novel magnetic resonance KTRANS measurement of blood-brain barrier permeability correlated with covert HE. Hepatology communications, 2023, 04-01, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Choline; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Permeability	2023
Neurometabolic changes in a rat pup model of type C hepatic encephalopathy depend on age at liver disease onset. Metabolic brain disease, 2023, Volume: 38, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Animals; Brain; Child; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Lactic Acid; Liver Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats	2023
The interaction of ammonia and manganese in abnormal metabolism of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A comparison metabolomics study. PloS one, 2023, Volume: 18, Issue:8 Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Arginine; Brain; Citrulline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Inositol; Isoleucine; Lactic Acid; Leucine; Manganese; Metabolomics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine	2023
Oral glutamine challenge is a marker of altered ammonia metabolism and predicts the risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2020, Volume: 40, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Ammonia; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis	2020
Longitudinal osmotic and neurometabolic changes in young rats with chronic cholestatic liver disease. Scientific reports, 2020, 05-05, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Aquaporin 4; Brain; Cholestasis; Disease Models, Animal; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; Liver Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Osmosis; Rats; Rats, Wistar	2020
Brain MR Spectroscopy Markers of Encephalopathy Due to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging, 2020, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Edema; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	2020
Neurochemistry of hyponatremic encephalopathy evaluated by MR spectroscopy. Brain & development, 2020, Volume: 42, Issue:10 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Child; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyponatremia; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurochemistry; Phosphocreatine; Sodium	2020
Understanding hepatic encephalopathy. Intensive care medicine, 2018, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Brain; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Failure, Acute	2018
Metformin modifies glutamine metabolism in an in vitro and in vivo model of hepatic encephalopathy. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas, 2018, Volume: 110, Issue:7 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Child, Preschool; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Rats; Rats, Wistar	2018
Longitudinal neurometabolic changes in the hippocampus of a rat model of chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Journal of hepatology, 2019, Volume: 71, Issue:3 Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Astrocytes; Chronic Disease; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hippocampus; Male; Oxidative Stress; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Rats, Wistar	2019
Teaching Video NeuroImages: Hepatic myelopathy: An unusual neurologic complication of hepatic encephalopathy. Neurology, 2019, 07-16, Volume: 93, Issue:3 Topics: Choline; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Globus Pallidus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Spasticity; Parietal Lobe; Spinal Cord Diseases; White Matter	2019
Differential impact of hyponatremia and hepatic encephalopathy on health-related quality of life and brain metabolite abnormalities in cirrhosis. Journal of hepatology, 2013, Volume: 59, Issue:3 Topics: Brain; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Diuretics; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyponatremia; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Sickness Impact Profile	2013
Oral glutamine challenge improves the performance of psychometric tests for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD, 2013, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Ammonia; Area Under Curve; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Psychometrics; ROC Curve; Time Factors	2013
Elevated phenylacetic acid levels do not correlate with adverse events in patients with urea cycle disorders or hepatic encephalopathy and can be predicted based on the plasma PAA to PAGN ratio. Molecular genetics and metabolism, 2013, Volume: 110, Issue:4 Topics: Biomarkers; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Glutamine; Glycerol; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver; Neoplasms; Phenylacetates; Phenylbutyrates; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn	2013
Increased brain lactate is central to the development of brain edema in rats with chronic liver disease. Journal of hepatology, 2014, Volume: 60, Issue:3 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Brain Edema; Chronic Disease; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Lactic Acid; Liver Diseases; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley	2014
In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the evaluation of hepatic encephalopathy in dogs. American journal of veterinary research, 2014, Volume: 75, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male	2014
Viability assessment of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the detection of minimal hepatic encephalopathy severity. European journal of radiology, 2015, Volume: 84, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Cognition; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis; Humans; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests	2015
Low visual cortex GABA levels in hepatic encephalopathy: links to blood ammonia, critical flicker frequency, and brain osmolytes. Metabolic brain disease, 2015, Volume: 30, Issue:6 Topics: Ammonia; Brain Chemistry; Creatine; Female; Flicker Fusion; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Osmolar Concentration; Visual Cortex	2015
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Evaluating Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy in Patients with Chronic Hepatic Schistosomiasis Japonicum. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016, Volume: 10, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ammonia; Brain; Chronic Disease; Female; Globus Pallidus; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Lactic Acid; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Schistosomiasis japonica	2016
Metabolic fate of isoleucine in a rat model of hepatic encephalopathy and in cultured neural cells exposed to ammonia. Metabolic brain disease, 2009, Volume: 24, Issue:1 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Cholestasis; Citric Acid Cycle; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Isoleucine; Muscle, Skeletal; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar	2009
A radiologic "alcohol breathalyzer" test. Neurology, 2009, Jan-13, Volume: 72, Issue:2 Topics: Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Central Nervous System Depressants; Ethanol; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests	2009
Hyponatremia is a risk factor of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective study with time-dependent analysis. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 104, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Bilirubin; Brain Chemistry; Creatine; Creatinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyponatremia; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Parietal Lobe; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sodium; Time Factors	2009
Encephalopathy assessment in children with extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction with MR, psychometry and critical flicker frequency. Journal of hepatology, 2010, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Ammonia; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cognition; Constriction, Pathologic; Creatinine; Female; Flicker Fusion; Globus Pallidus; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Photic Stimulation; Portal Vein; Psychometrics; Time Factors; Vision, Ocular	2010
Blood-brain barrier permeability for ammonia in patients with different grades of liver fibrosis is not different from healthy controls. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2010, Volume: 30, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Ammonia; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Capillary Permeability; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Positron-Emission Tomography	2010
Effect of surgical portosystemic shunt on prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction: assessment by magnetic resonance imaging and psychometry. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2010, Volume: 51, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Ammonia; Brain Edema; Child; Creatine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Interleukin-6; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Male; Portal Vein; Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical; Prevalence; Psychometrics; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha	2010
Magnetic resonance quantification of water and metabolites in the brain of cirrhotics following induced hyperammonaemia. Journal of hepatology, 2011, Volume: 54, Issue:6 Topics: Amino Acids; Astrocytes; Body Water; Brain; Brain Edema; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis	2011
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are raised in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction, with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2011, Volume: 26, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Brain; Brain Edema; Case-Control Studies; Child; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; India; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-6; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Portal Vein; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation; Vascular Diseases; Young Adult	2011
Down-regulation of Kir4.1 in the cerebral cortex of rats with liver failure and in cultured astrocytes treated with glutamine: Implications for astrocytic dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy. Journal of neuroscience research, 2011, Volume: 89, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Liver Failure; Male; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Rats, Wistar; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2	2011
p38 MAP kinase is a therapeutic target for hepatic encephalopathy in rats with portacaval shunts. Gut, 2011, Volume: 60, Issue:11 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Blotting, Western; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Imidazoles; Immunohistochemistry; Learning; Male; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Microglia; Motor Activity; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Pyrimidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar	2011
Multi-dimensional MR spectroscopy: towards a better understanding of hepatic encephalopathy. Metabolic brain disease, 2011, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolome; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity	2011
Ornithine phenylacetate prevents disturbances of motor-evoked potentials induced by intestinal blood in rats with portacaval anastomosis. Journal of hepatology, 2012, Volume: 56, Issue:1 Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Male; Ornithine; Phenylacetates; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley	2012
A capillary blood ammonia bedside test following glutamine load to improve the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. BMC gastroenterology, 2011, Dec-08, Volume: 11 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Biomarkers; Capillaries; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamine; Hematologic Tests; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Incidence; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Point-of-Care Systems; Predictive Value of Tests; Prevalence; Psychometrics	2011
Efficacy of oral L-ornithine L-aspartate in cirrhotic patients with hyperammonemic hepatic encephalopathy. Annals of hepatology, 2011, Volume: 10 Suppl 2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Ammonia; Dipeptides; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Liver Cirrhosis; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Urea	2011
Glutamine in the pathogenesis of acute hepatic encephalopathy. Neurochemistry international, 2012, Volume: 61, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Brain; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction	2012
Serial evaluation of children with ALF with advanced MRI, serum proinflammatory cytokines, thiamine, and cognition assessment. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2012, Volume: 55, Issue:5 Topics: Brain; Brain Edema; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Cytokines; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-6; Liver; Liver Failure, Acute; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mammillary Bodies; Thiamine; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha	2012
The effect of fractionated plasma separation and adsorption on cerebral amino acid metabolism and oxidative metabolism during acute liver failure. Journal of hepatology, 2012, Volume: 57, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Cerebrum; Dialysis Solutions; Extracorporeal Circulation; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Intracranial Hypertension; Intracranial Pressure; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure, Acute; Male; Microdialysis; Middle Aged; Pyruvic Acid; Sorption Detoxification; Statistics, Nonparametric	2012
Asymmetric dimethylarginine is strongly associated with cognitive dysfunction and brain MR spectroscopic abnormalities in cirrhosis. Journal of hepatology, 2013, Volume: 58, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies	2013
Ammonia induces aquaporin-4 rearrangement in the plasma membrane of cultured astrocytes. Neurochemistry international, 2012, Volume: 61, Issue:8 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Ammonia; Animals; Aquaporin 4; Astrocytes; Brain Edema; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media, Conditioned; Flow Cytometry; Glutamine; GRB2 Adaptor Protein; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Membrane Proteins; Microscopy; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Chloride; Solubility; Taurine	2012
Cerebrospinal fluid glutamine, tryptophan, and tryptophan metabolite concentrations in dogs with portosystemic shunts. American journal of veterinary research, 2002, Volume: 63, Issue:8 Topics: Alanine; Animals; Dietary Proteins; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Male; Portal System; Quinolinic Acid; Serine; Tryptophan	2002
Comparison of the effects of ammonia on brain mitochondrial function in rats and gulf toadfish. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2002, Volume: 283, Issue:3 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Antimycin A; Batrachoidiformes; Brain; Cyanides; Electron Transport; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Mitochondria; NAD; Organ Culture Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rotenone; Species Specificity; Uncoupling Agents	2002
Ammonia-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression in cultured rat astrocytes and rat brain in vivo. Glia, 2002, Volume: 40, Issue:3 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antioxidants; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamine; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); Heme Oxygenase-1; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hyperemia; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypotonic Solutions; Osmotic Pressure; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Up-Regulation	2002
Altered response to oral glutamine challenge as prognostic factor for overt episodes in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Journal of hepatology, 2002, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Ammonia; Glutamine; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Osmolar Concentration; Partial Pressure; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index	2002
The plasma ammonia and glutamine content in patients with hepatic coma. The Journal of clinical investigation, 1954, Volume: 33, Issue:7 Topics: Ammonia; Blood; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Plasma	1954
[Interperitoneal glutamine therapy of hepatic coma in cirrhosis]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1957, Feb-01, Volume: 69, Issue:5 Topics: Coma; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis	1957
[Determination of glutamine in cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of hepatic coma]. Revista medica de Chile, 1957, Volume: 85, Issue:4 Topics: Cerebrospinal Fluid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans	1957
Glutamine estimation in cerebrospinal fluid in cases of liver cirrhosis and hepatic coma. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1959, Volume: 53, Issue:5 Topics: Body Fluids; Cerebrosides; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inorganic Chemicals; Liver Cirrhosis; Regression Analysis	1959
[Blood ammonium, glutamine in the cerebrospinal fluid, the electroencephalogram and the neurological examination in relation to states of consciousness in hepatic patients]. Revista medica de Chile, 1961, Volume: 89 Topics: Ammonia; Ammonium Compounds; Consciousness; Electroencephalography; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Neurologic Examination; Neurologic Manifestations	1961
[Glutaminorachia during liver cirrhosis. Semeiological value of its modifications in "hepatic encephalopathies"]. Journal de medecine de Lyon, 1962, Sep-20, Volume: 43 Topics: Ammonia; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis	1962
LIVER-BRAIN RELATIONSHIPS IN HEPATIC COMA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AMMONIA AND KETO ACID METABOLISM. Archives of internal medicine, 1963, Volume: 112 Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Blood; Blood Glucose; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glutarates; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Keto Acids; Lactates; Liver Cirrhosis; Metabolism; Proteins; Pyruvates; Urine	1963
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID GLUTAMINE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATIC COMA. The American journal of gastroenterology, 1963, Volume: 40 Topics: Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans	1963
THE METABOLISM OF THE VOLATILE AMINES: VII. THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TWO COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD AMMONIA LEVEL. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1964, Feb-22, Volume: 90 Topics: Amines; Ammonia; Arginine; Asparagine; Blood Chemical Analysis; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hematologic Tests; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Potassium; Proteins	1964
[DETERMINATION OF AMMONIA IN DEPROTEINIZED BLOOD]. Kiserletes orvostudomany, 1964, Volume: 16 Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Asparagine; Biomedical Research; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Proteins; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Trichloroacetic Acid	1964
STUDIES OF RAT LIVER AND KIDNEY ENZYMES. II. RESPONSE TO DIETARY PROTEIN DEFICIENCY AND REPLETION DURING CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF AMMONIUM ACETATE AND L-GLUTAMINE. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1964, Volume: 14, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Adaptation, Physiological; Ammonia; Arginine; Dietary Proteins; Enzymes; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Kidney; Kwashiorkor; Liver; Ornithine; Protein Deficiency; Rats; Research	1964
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID GLUTAMINE LEVEL IN PORTAL CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 1964, Volume: 12 Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Proteins; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests	1964
[CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DETERMINATION OF GLUTAMINE IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. (RESULTS IN 50 CASES)]. Revista clinica espanola, 1964, Jun-30, Volume: 93 Topics: Cerebrospinal Fluid; Diagnosis, Differential; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Metabolism; Pathology	1964
MECHANISM OF HEPATIC COMA. Biochemical clinics, 1964, Volume: 3 Topics: Ammonia; Blood; Diagnosis; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Intestine, Small; Intestines; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kidney; Metabolism; Physiology; Urea	1964
A method for the determination of glutamine in cerebrospinal fluid and the results in hepatic coma. Journal of clinical pathology, 1955, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Cerebrospinal Fluid; Coma; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis	1955
Selective alterations of brain osmolytes in acute liver failure: protective effect of mild hypothermia. Brain research, 2004, Feb-27, Volume: 999, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Brain Edema; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hypothermia, Induced; Inositol; Intracranial Hypertension; Liver Failure, Acute; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine	2004
Oral glutamine challenge and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in three patients with congenital portosystemic shunts. Journal of hepatology, 2004, Volume: 40, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Ammonia; Area Under Curve; Brain; Cardiovascular Abnormalities; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nervous System Diseases; Neuropsychological Tests; Portal System; Tomography, Spiral Computed	2004
Hepatic encephalopathy. The New England journal of medicine, 1986, Mar-20, Volume: 314, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia	1986
Chemical shift magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cingulate grey matter in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Neuroradiology, 2005, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatinine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Intelligence Tests; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memory; Memory, Short-Term; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychomotor Performance; Trail Making Test	2005
Adding another spectral dimension to 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hepatic encephalopathy. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 2005, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged	2005
[Detection of subclinical and overt hepatic encephalopathy and treatment control after L-ornithine-L-aspartate medication by magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS)]. Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie, 2005, Volume: 43, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Brain; Choline; Combined Modality Therapy; Creatinine; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Dipeptides; Energy Metabolism; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Reference Values; Statistics as Topic	2005
Ammonia toxicity under hyponatremic conditions in astrocytes: de novo synthesis of amino acids for the osmoregulatory response. Neurochemistry international, 2005, Volume: 47, Issue:1-2 Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Brain Edema; Cell Size; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Hyponatremia; Inositol; Intracellular Fluid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine; Water-Electrolyte Balance	2005
Noncirrhotic portal vein thrombosis exhibits neuropsychological and MR changes consistent with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2006, Volume: 43, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Ammonia; Attention; Body Water; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Portal Vein; Venous Thrombosis	2006
Oral L-glutamine increases GABA levels in striatal tissue and extracellular fluid. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2007, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Extracellular Fluid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Kinetics; Male; Models, Biological; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley	2007
Effect of ammonia, glutamine, and serum on calcineurin, p38MAPK-diP, GADD153/CHOP10, and CNTF in primary rat astrocyte cultures. Brain research, 2007, Oct-17, Volume: 1175 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Blood Proteins; Brain; Calcineurin; Cells, Cultured; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; Culture Media; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factor CHOP	2007
Cerebral diffusion tensor imaging and in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2008, Volume: 23, Issue:7 Pt 2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anisotropy; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Choline; Creatine; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Parietal Lobe; Prognosis; Protons; Time Factors	2008
In vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy-derived metabolite variations between acute-on-chronic liver failure and acute liver failure. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2008, Volume: 28, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Chronic Disease; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Failure, Acute; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult	2008
Postchemotherapy hyperammonemic encephalopathy emulating ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) deficiency. Southern medical journal, 2008, Volume: 101, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Arginine; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Citrulline; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Liver Neoplasms; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease; Orotic Acid; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; Syndrome	2008
Exchange transfusion in the treatment of hepatic coma. The Journal of pediatrics, 1967, Volume: 71, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis A; Humans; Infant; Male; Prothrombin Time; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins; Transaminases	1967
[Thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in the rat. III Ammonia level and its metabolic substrates in the brain]. Neuropatologia polska, 1983, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Acetamides; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Ketoglutaric Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thioacetamide	1983
Amino acid changes in regions of the CNS in relation to function in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy. Neurochemical research, 1984, Volume: 9, Issue:9 Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Central Nervous System; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Male; Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains	1984
Glutamic acid and glutamine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in hepatic encephalopathy. Biochemical medicine, 1984, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Tyrosine	1984
[The level of ammonia and its metabolites in the brain in experimental hepatic encephalopathy induced by long-term administration of thioacetamine and during recovery]. Neuropatologia polska, 1984, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Ketoglutaric Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thioacetamide; Time Factors	1984
[Glutamine in cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of altered consciousness of hepatic origin]. Revista medica de Chile, 1984, Volume: 112, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cognition Disorders; Consciousness Disorders; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged	1984
Plasma levels of false neurotransmitters across the brain in portal-systemic encephalopathy. European journal of clinical investigation, 1982, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: 2-Hydroxyphenethylamine; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Ammonia; Brain Chemistry; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Octopamine; Phenethylamines	1982
[Electroencephalography and cerebrospinal fluid glutamine in portal-systemic encephalopathies]. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 1982, Volume: 40, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Electroencephalography; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis	1982
Effect of colectomy upon ammonemia and glutaminemia in rats with stricture of the portal vein. Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics, 1981, Volume: 152, Issue:2 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Colectomy; Constriction, Pathologic; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Male; Portal Vein; Rats	1981
Hepatic encephalopathy: a unifying hypothesis. Nutrition reviews, 1980, Volume: 38, Issue:11 Topics: Ammonia; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Tryptophan	1980
Astrocyte swelling in liver failure: role of glutamine and benzodiazepines. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplementum, 1994, Volume: 60 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Brain Edema; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Inositol; Ion Channels; Isoquinolines; Methionine Sulfoximine; Potassium; Rats; Receptors, GABA-A; Water-Electrolyte Balance	1994
Proton spectroscopy of brain glutamine in acute liver failure. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 1995, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Brain; Brain Edema; Child; Feasibility Studies; Forecasting; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Infant; Liver Failure; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male	1995
Selective alterations of extracellular brain amino acids in relation to function in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy: results of an in vivo microdialysis study. Journal of neurochemistry, 1995, Volume: 65, Issue:3 Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Dialysis; Extracellular Space; Frontal Lobe; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Kinetics; Male; Phenylalanine; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine	1995
Intestinal glutamine and ammonia metabolism during chronic hyperammonaemia induced by liver insufficiency. Gut, 1993, Volume: 34, Issue:8 Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Bile Ducts; Blood Flow Velocity; Body Weight; Chronic Disease; Citrulline; Diet; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Jejunum; Ligation; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Portal System; Rats; Rats, Wistar	1993
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies on human brain myo-inositol in hypo-osmolarity and hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology, 1994, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Brain Chemistry; Brain Diseases; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Protons; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance	1994
Astrocytes and the entry of circulating ammonia into the brain: effect of fluoroacetate. Metabolic brain disease, 1993, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Carotid Artery, Common; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrodes; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials; Fluoroacetates; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hippocampus; Male; Membrane Potentials; Microdialysis; Rats	1993
Effect of reducing brain glutamine synthesis on metabolic symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. Journal of neurochemistry, 1993, Volume: 60, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Postoperative Period; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains	1993
Magnetic resonance imaging and localized in vivo proton spectroscopy in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. The American journal of gastroenterology, 1993, Volume: 88, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy	1993
Glutamine, myo-inositol, and brain edema in acute liver failure. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 1996, Volume: 23, Issue:5 Topics: Brain; Brain Edema; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol	1996
Glutamine metabolism and neuropathological disorders in experimental hepatic encephalopathy: effect of transplanted hepatocytes. Surgery, 1996, Volume: 120, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Liver Transplantation; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred WF; Spleen	1996
Determinants of ammonia clearance by hemodialysis. Artificial organs, 1996, Volume: 20, Issue:7 Topics: Ammonia; Blood Flow Velocity; Brain Edema; Dialysis Solutions; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Renal Dialysis; Urea	1996
Glutamine, myo-inositol, and organic brain osmolytes after portocaval anastomosis in the rat: implications for ammonia-induced brain edema. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 1996, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Water; Body Weight; Brain; Brain Edema; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Inositol; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley	1996
Severity of hyperammonemic encephalopathy correlates with brain ammonia level and saturation of glutamine synthetase in vivo. Journal of neurochemistry, 1996, Volume: 67, Issue:4 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Kinetics; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Motor Activity; Posture; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Time Factors	1996
A low-protein diet ameliorates disrupted diurnal locomotor activity in rats after portacaval anastomosis. The American journal of physiology, 1996, Volume: 271, Issue:4 Pt 1 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Circadian Rhythm; Dietary Proteins; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Male; Motor Activity; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley	1996
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with liver cirrhosis. Gastroenterology, 1997, Volume: 112, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Brain; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Prospective Studies; Reference Values	1997
Oral glutamine challenge in cirrhotics pre- and post-liver transplantation: a psychometric and analyzed EEG study. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 1997, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Electroencephalography; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Psychomotor Performance	1997
A 15N GC/MS study of in vivo glutamine synthesis in liver failure rats. Acta medica Okayama, 1997, Volume: 51, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Galactosamine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intravenous; Leucine; Male; Nitrogen Isotopes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley	1997
Synaptosomal uptake of alpha-ketoglutarate and glutamine in thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats. Metabolic brain disease, 1997, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Ketoglutaric Acids; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptosomes; Thioacetamide	1997
Brain lactate by magnetic resonance spectroscopy during fulminant hepatic failure in the dog. Liver transplantation and surgery : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society, 1998, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Brain; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Feasibility Studies; Galactosamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Intracranial Hypertension; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Time Factors	1998
[Clinical uses of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain]. RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin, 1998, Volume: 168, Issue:6 Topics: AIDS Dementia Complex; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Child; Choline; Creatine; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Protons; Rats	1998
Proton MR spectroscopic measurement of neurometabolites in hepatic encephalopathy during oral lactulose therapy. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 1998, Volume: 19, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Lactulose; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Reference Values	1998
Changes in the extracellular profiles of neuroactive amino acids in the rat striatum at the asymptomatic stage of hepatic failure. Journal of neuroscience research, 1999, Apr-01, Volume: 56, Issue:1 Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Corpus Striatum; Excitatory Amino Acids; Fatty Liver; Gliosis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Liver; Male; Microdialysis; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine; Thioacetamide	1999
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) findings for the brain in patients with liver cirrhosis reflect the hepatic functional reserve. The American journal of gastroenterology, 1999, Volume: 94, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Choline; Creatinine; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Parietal Lobe; Prognosis; Prospective Studies	1999
Cerebral proton and phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. Liver, 1999, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain; Choline; Creatinine; Electroencephalography; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Phosphates; Phosphorus Isotopes; Protons	1999
Effects of ammonia on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure threshold. Metabolic brain disease, 1999, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Linear Models; Male; Neurons; Pentylenetetrazole; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures	1999
MR imaging and (1)H spectroscopy of brain metabolites in hepatic encephalopathy: time-course of renormalization after liver transplantation. Radiology, 2000, Volume: 216, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Basal Ganglia; Choline; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Transplantation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Reference Values	2000
Proton MR spectroscopy of the brain in patients treated with TIPS. Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987), 2000, Volume: 41, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Chemistry; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Inositol; Liver Function Tests; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic	2000
Effect of sodium benzoate on blood ammonia response to oral glutamine challenge in cirrhotic patients: a note of caution. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2000, Volume: 95, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Oral; Ammonia; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium Benzoate; Time Factors	2000
[1-13C]glucose MRS in chronic hepatic encephalopathy in man. Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2001, Volume: 45, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Synaptic Transmission	2001
Taurine, glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate content and efflux, and cell volume of cerebrocortical minislices of rats with hepatic encephalopathy: influence of ammonia. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2000, Volume: 483 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Size; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine	2000
Proton MR spectroscopy of neurometabolites in hepatic encephalopathy during L-ornithine-L-aspartate treatment--results of a pilot study. Metabolic brain disease, 2002, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Brain; Creatine; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Treatment Outcome	2002
Hyperammonaemia, plasma aminoacid imbalance, and blood-brain aminoacid transport: a unified theory of portal-systemic encephalopathy. Lancet (London, England), 1979, Oct-13, Volume: 2, Issue:8146 Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Ammonia; Animals; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Dogs; Glucagon; Glutamine; Haplorhini; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Insulin; Liver Cirrhosis; Phenylalanine; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Rats; Tryptophan; Tyrosine	1979
Effect of total hepatectomy on selected cerebral substrates and enzymes of the glycolytic pathways and Krebs cycle. Surgery, 1975, Volume: 78, Issue:4 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Citrates; Citric Acid Cycle; Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate; Dogs; Fumarates; Glucose; Glucosephosphates; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Hepatectomy; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lactates; Malates; Oxaloacetates; Oxidoreductases; Phosphoenolpyruvate; Phosphotransferases; Pyruvates	1975
Cerebrospinal fluid glutamine levels and EEG findings in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 1979, Volume: 81, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Electroencephalography; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Resuscitation	1979
On mechanisms in hyperammonemic coma--with particular reference to hepatic encephalopathy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1975, Apr-25, Volume: 252 Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Energy Metabolism; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Mitochondria, Liver; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Time Factors	1975
[Clinico-diagnostic and prognostic value of various indicators of nitrogen metabolism in hepatic coma]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1979, Volume: 51, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Urea	1979
Citrulline as a diagnostic parameter and a major amino acid constituent of cerebrospinal fluid in hepatic coma. Journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry. Zeitschrift fur klinische Chemie und klinische Biochemie, 1977, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Argininosuccinate Synthase; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Citrulline; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Methionine; Phenylalanine; Tyrosine	1977
Cerebrospinal fluid glutamine levels in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 1975, Volume: 23, Issue:6 Topics: Coma; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Meningitis; Uremia	1975
Cerebrospinal fluid glutamine in Reye's syndrome. The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 1975, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: Ammonia; Brain Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Infant; Prognosis; Reye Syndrome	1975
Muscle nitrogen metabolism in chronic hepatic insufficiency. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1976, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine; Alcoholism; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Brachial Artery; Female; Forearm; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Lactates; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Nitrogen; Pyruvates; Veins	1976
Proton MR spectroscopy for diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy? Radiology, 1992, Volume: 182, Issue:1 Topics: Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy	1992
Metabolic disorders of the brain in chronic hepatic encephalopathy detected with H-1 MR spectroscopy. Radiology, 1992, Volume: 182, Issue:1 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Female; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Reproducibility of Results	1992
Characteristics of large neutral amino acid-induced release of preloaded L-glutamine from rat cerebral capillaries in vitro: effects of ammonia, hepatic encephalopathy, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitors. Journal of neuroscience research, 1992, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Capillaries; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; In Vitro Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar	1992
Cerebral cortex ammonia and glutamine metabolism during liver insufficiency-induced hyperammonemia in the rat. Journal of neurochemistry, 1992, Volume: 59, Issue:3 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Arteries; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Ischemia; Liver Circulation; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains	1992
Localized 1H NMR spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Analysis of changes in cerebral glutamine, choline and inositols. NMR in biomedicine, 1991, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Brain; Choline; Chronic Disease; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electronic Data Processing; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons	1991
The use of in vivo proton NMR to study the effects of hyperammonemia in the rat cerebral cortex. NMR in biomedicine, 1991, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains	1991
What the clinician can learn from MR glutamine/glutamate assays. NMR in biomedicine, 1991, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains	1991
Hepatic failure and coma after liver resection is reversed by manipulation of gut contents: the role of endotoxin. Surgery, 1991, Volume: 110, Issue:2 Topics: Ammonia; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cefazolin; Cholestyramine Resin; Endotoxins; Gastrointestinal Contents; Glutamine; Hepatectomy; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Isotonic Solutions; Lactulose; Male; Neomycin; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Chloride	1991
Plasma GABA-like activity in rats with hepatic encephalopathy is due to GABA and taurine. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 1990, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, GABA-A; Taurine; Tyrosine	1990
Diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Lancet (London, England), 1990, Sep-08, Volume: 336, Issue:8715 Topics: Aged; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Urea	1990
Septic encephalopathy. Evidence for altered phenylalanine metabolism and comparison with hepatic encephalopathy. Archives of internal medicine, 1990, Volume: 150, Issue:2 Topics: Ammonia; Bacterial Infections; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Phenylacetates; Phenylalanine; Tryptophan; Tyrosine	1990
[Role of the liver in septic encephalopathy. A disorder associated with multiple organ failure caused by sepsis]. Revista medica de Chile, 1989, Volume: 117, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine Transaminase; Bilirubin; Creatinine; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Organ Failure; Prospective Studies; Prothrombin	1989
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid glutamine in septic encephalopathy. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 1989, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Brain Diseases; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans	1989
Effect of ammonia on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in dogs with and without portacaval anastomoses. Research in experimental medicine. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte experimentelle Medizin einschliesslich experimenteller Chirurgie, 1985, Volume: 185, Issue:1 Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Dogs; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Methionine; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical	1985
Amino acid changes in autopsied brain tissue from cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Journal of neurochemistry, 1987, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged	1987
Alpha-ketoglutaramate, a neurotoxic agent in hepatic coma. Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 1973, Volume: 86 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Rats	1973
Alpha-ketoglutaramate: increased concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients in hepatic coma. Science (New York, N.Y.), 1974, Jan-11, Volume: 183, Issue:4120 Topics: Amides; Ammonia; Animals; Depression, Chemical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Liver Diseases; Motor Activity; Myoclonus; Rats; Respiratory Insufficiency	1974
[Pathogenesis of hepatic coma]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1974, Jan-21, Volume: 136, Issue:4 Topics: Blood-Brain Barrier; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Keto Acids; Ketoglutaric Acids	1974
Exchange transfusion in fulminant hepatic failure in children. South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1974, Jan-26, Volume: 48, Issue:4 Topics: Age Factors; Bilirubin; Child; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis A; Humans; Methods; Prognosis; Prothrombin	1974
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid glutamine and hepatic coma. Delaware medical journal, 1972, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans	1972
Toward an artificial liver: in vitro removal of unbound and protein-bound plasma compounds related to hepatic failure. Gastroenterology, 1972, Volume: 62, Issue:6 Topics: Ammonia; Artificial Organs; Bilirubin; Butyrates; Carbon Isotopes; Filtration; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Ion Exchange; Kinetics; Liver; Methionine; Protein Binding; Renal Dialysis; Sulfobromophthalein; Urea	1972
The CSF in hepatic encephalopathy. Experimental biology and medicine, 1971, Volume: 4 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Ammonia; Bicarbonates; Bilirubin; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration	1971
Introduction: pathogenetic problems and classification of neuropsychic disturbances. Experimental biology and medicine, 1971, Volume: 4 Topics: Alkalosis; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Ammonia; Brain; Calcium; Consciousness; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnesium; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphorus; Potassium; Sodium; Zinc	1971
Brain energy metabolism in hepatic coma. Experimental biology and medicine, 1971, Volume: 4 Topics: Ammonia; Brain; Brain Diseases; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Glucose; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Liver Cirrhosis; Oxygen Consumption; Partial Pressure; Vascular Resistance	1971
Cerebral amino acid metabolism in hepatic coma. Experimental biology and medicine, 1971, Volume: 4 Topics: Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Ammonia; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Electroencephalography; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Liver; Nitrogen Isotopes; Pyruvates; Transaminases; Urea	1971
[Successful attempt in the application of some new methods to the treatment of hepatic coma]. Klinicheskaia meditsina, 1971, Volume: 49, Issue:4 Topics: Aprotinin; Blood Transfusion; Child; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Male	1971
Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy--with special reference to the role of ammonia. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1970, Volume: 23, Issue:5 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Electroencephalography; Fatty Acids; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Imines; Ketoglutaric Acids; Methionine; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Tryptophan	1970
Glutamine values in cerebrospinal fluid of children: some observations on clinical application. The Journal of pediatrics, 1971, Volume: 78, Issue:2 Topics: Ammonia; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis A; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature	1971
[Significance of ammoniemia in epidemic hepatitis]. Klinicheskaia meditsina, 1967, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Cholestasis; Diagnosis, Differential; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis A; Humans; Methods; Middle Aged	1967
[Ammonia and glutamine levels in venous blood in epidemic hepatitis complicated by hepatic coma]. Sovetskaia meditsina, 1967, Volume: 30, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis A; Humans; Male; Middle Aged	1967
Cerebrospinal fluid glutamine concentration in patients with chronic hypercapnia. Clinical science, 1969, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Chronic Disease; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypercapnia; Male; Middle Aged	1969
[Cure of hepatic coma in a 3-year-old boy in the course of infectious hepatitis]. Przeglad lekarski, 1965, Volume: 21, Issue:12 Topics: Child, Preschool; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis A; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male	1965