gluma and Tooth-Fractures

In three Scandinavian dental facilities, a series of 334 permanent incisors with fractures of the crown or crown and root was treated by reattachment of the fragment with a resin composite. Two centers (Oslo and Stockholm) employed acid etching of enamel alone for fragment bonding (n = 146), while the third center (Copenhagen) used a combination of enamel etching and dentinal bonding (n = 188). Although the final retention rate of fragment bonding was similar in the two groups, it took the dentinal bonding group almost three times as long to drop to 50% fragment retention. This difference could be attributed to greater bonding strength in the dentinal bonding group, greater risk of second injury in the younger acid-etching group, or difficulty in maintaining a dry operative field in the younger age group. The good fragment retention, acceptable esthetics, and pulpal vitality observed in the present series indicate that reattachment of the coronal fragment is a realistic alternative to placement of conventional resin-composite restorations.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Adolescent; Adult; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Composite Resins; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutaral; Humans; Male; Polymethacrylic Acids; Time Factors; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Crown; Tooth Fractures; Tooth Root; Treatment Outcome

Bonding of a tooth fragment to the remaining tooth substance can restore crown fracture of an anterior tooth. In this study, sheep central incisors were used. The crowns were fractured transversely and the crown fragment was bonded to the remaining tooth structure. This technique involves acid etching, use of an experimental adhesive (Gluma+) and a BisGMA/TEGDMA resin. The mean fracture strength of the restored teeth was not significantly different from that of intact teeth when tested at a rather low crosshead speed (0.5 mm/min) but different and about 30% lower when tested at a higher crosshead speed (500 mm/min). In studies aiming to test resistance to forces which might cause trauma, it might be appropriate to use a high crosshead speed.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Adhesives; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dental Stress Analysis; Glutaral; Incisor; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymethacrylic Acids; Regression Analysis; Resin Cements; Sheep; Stress, Mechanical; Tooth Crown; Tooth Fractures

This in vitro study investigated the shear bond strengths of sectioned bovine incisal edge fragments reattached using Gluma 2000 and Scotchbond 2. Teeth were sectioned 3 mm from the incisal edge using an Acutome with a 0.5 mm diamond wheel running at 90 degrees to the mesial or distal surface of the tooth. Twenty four incisal fragments were rebonded with each of the dentine bonding agents; a further 24 intact incisors were used as a control group. The control group required a mean fracture force of 940(+/- 144) N which was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than that required to fracture fragments rebonded using GLUMA 2000 (609 +/- 116) N and Scotchbond 2 (393 +/- 97) N. The mean force required to fracture incisal fragments rebonded with GLUMA 2000 was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than that required to fracture incisal fragments rebonded with Scotchbond 2.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Glutaral; Incisor; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Polymethacrylic Acids; Regression Analysis; Resin Cements; Tensile Strength; Tooth Fractures

A clinical technique is presented for the use of all-porcelain additions to the surfaces of teeth as part of the management of the worn or fractured tooth. This technique could be regarded as an adjunct to conventional techniques for management of the worn dentition.

Topics: Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Cuspid; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Porcelain; Dental Veneers; Glutaral; Humans; Incisor; Polymethacrylic Acids; Silanes; Tooth Abrasion; Tooth Fractures

A recently developed glass ionomer bone cement (Ionos) may be suitable for bonding vertically fractured teeth, but the resulting resistance to repeated fracture of the bonded teeth is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess in vitro the resistance to repeated fracture of roots which were previously fractured and bonded with Ionos cement and other bonding agents. Thirty-six roots were separated at the cervix and grooved on the coronal surface. Each root was mounted in an Instron machine and a vertical force was exerted until fracture occurred. Both the force required to fracture the root (F) and the root surface area (A) were recorded, and the root halves were bonded with one of the following materials: Ionos bone cement without dentin etching, Permabond 910 cyanoacrylate adhesive, and Gluma bonding system. The bonded roots were maintained in a wet sponge. One week later the roots were re-fractured in the Instron machine, and the forces were recorded (RF). Each one of F, RF, A, and the ratios RF/F and RF/A were compared statistically among the three experimental groups. Overall, RF was at the most 20% of F. Statistically significant differences were obtained only in RF, RF/F, and RF/A (p < 0.0003). Roots bonded with Ionos cement demonstrated significantly lower values than roots bonded with Permabond and Gluma, both of which did not differ significantly. It was concluded that roots bonded with Ionos cement were the least resistant to re-fracture, due to a lesser bonding strength of Ionos bone cement as compared with Permabond and Gluma.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Analysis of Variance; Bone Cements; Cyanoacrylates; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Stress Analysis; Glass Ionomer Cements; Glutaral; Humans; Materials Testing; Polymethacrylic Acids; Recurrence; Tooth Fractures; Tooth Root

Previous experimental studies into the use of dentin bonding agents for reattachment of enamel-dentin crown fragments have demonstrated fracture strength about 50-60% of that of intact teeth. In the clinic this has been reflected in the frequent need of repeated bonding of the treated incisors due to refracture. Recently newer bonding agents have been developed which can bond equally well with enamel and dentin. Employing the same experimental model, these bonding agents (All-Bond 2, Scotchbond MP) were used to reattach crown fragments to the remaining portion of sheep incisors. Loading of teeth bonded with these agents in an Instron testing machine at a speed of 1 mm/min demonstrated similar fracture strengths as those previously achieved with Gluma, Scotchbond 2 or Tenure. A second study was carried out whereby fragments were bonded with Scotchbond MP and loaded at various speeds. The results demonstrated that the fracture strength decreased exponentially with increased loading speed. By extrapolation, it was concluded that the strength was nil at a loading speed of approximately 2 m/min. It was concluded that the weak link in the bond between tooth fragment and remaining tooth structure is the bonding resin. Theoretically, a resin which is slightly elastic might act as a shock absorber to withstand functional stress. However, studies carried out with resins of varying moduli of elasticity gave disappointing results probably due to their low flexural strength.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Composite Resins; Dental Stress Analysis; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Elasticity; Glutaral; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Polymethacrylic Acids; Regression Analysis; Resin Cements; Sheep; Tooth Fractures

A method is described by which crown fractured incisors are restored with cast ceramic (Dicor) laminate veneers after initial treatment with either reattachment of the original crown fragment with a dentin bonding agent, with a composite resin build-up or no treatment (i.e. the veneer alone is used to restore the incisal edge). In order to elucidate the effect of the fragment/composite-tooth bonding interface on fracture strength of the restored teeth, the fracture strengths of the various treatment groups were compared to that of intact teeth supplied with Dicor laminate veneers. In an experimental investigation using central and lateral incisors from sheep, it was found that fracture strength (16.6 +/- 4.2 MPa) equal to that of intact incisors (16.1 +/- 2.6 MPa) could be achieved using laminate veneers made of porcelain on fractured teeth whose crown fragments were reattached using a dentin bonding agent (5). In the present investigation, using the same experimental model but using cast ceramic (Dicor) laminate veneers, the fracture strength of the restored incisors was significantly increased (21.0 +/- 3.7 MPa), exceeding that of intact teeth. The fracture strength of intact teeth was also exceeded in veneered incisors which were initially restored with a conventional composite resin build-up (20.2 +/- 5.6 MPa). However, the greatest fracture strength (28.2 +/- 8.9 MPa) was achieved when a Dicor laminate veneer alone was used to restore the fractured incisal edge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Ceramics; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Porcelain; Dental Stress Analysis; Dental Veneers; Glutaral; Incisor; Polymethacrylic Acids; Sheep; Tooth Fractures

A method is described, by which the fracture strength of bonded, previously fractured incisors can be measured. The study employed incisors from sheep, which could be obtained in suitable numbers and with limited variation in size. The incisors were fractured parallel to the incisal edge. The mean fracture area +/- SD of central incisors was 8.45 +/- 0.89 mm2 and of lateral incisors 6.50 +/- 0.64 mm2. The enamel area constituted about 30% of the total fracture area. Acid etching of the enamel and bonding of the fractures with an unfilled resin yielded a fracture strength, which was approximately 38% of the fracture strength of fractured teeth restored with acid etching of enamel, Gluma treatment of dentin and bonding with the unfilled resin. Teeth restored in this way, but using the dentin bonding agent Tenure or Scotchbond2 instead of Gluma, exhibited mean fracture strengths which were not significantly different from that obtained when Gluma was employed as the bonding agent. The mean fracture strength by using one of the three bonding agents in combination with acid etching of enamel was about 8 MPa, which is approximately 50% of the fracture strength of intact teeth.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Animals; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Stress Analysis; Glutaral; Materials Testing; Nitrates; Nitric Acid; Oxalates; Polymethacrylic Acids; Resin Cements; Sheep; Tensile Strength; Tooth Fractures

A method is described by which porcelain laminate veneers are used to reinforce crown-fractured incisors which have been restored by reattachment of enamel-dentin fragments using enamel etching and a dentin bonding system. In an experimental model using sheep incisors, it was found that fracture strength equal to that of intact incisors could be achieved by employing this method. This is in contrast to fracture strengths of reattached enamel-dentin tooth fragments without porcelain laminates which were only 50% of intact incisors. It is suggested that porcelain laminate veneers may be used to supplement fragment bonding, thereby enhancing dental esthetics and function.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Animals; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Porcelain; Dental Veneers; Glutaral; Polymethacrylic Acids; Sheep; Tensile Strength; Tooth Fractures

Measurements of fracture strengths of incisors from sheep, previously fractured and then restored by reattaching the fragments with a light-curable resin, revealed that pretreatment of the fracture surfaces with dentin bonding agents such as Gluma, Tenure or Scotchbond2 and acid-etching of the enamel, gave values of about half the fracture strength of intact teeth. Measurements furthermore demonstrated that pretreatment by a combination of dentin bonding agents and acid-etching of the enamel yielded higher fracture strengths of the restored teeth, than that of teeth restored using only one of the two pretreatments. Fractured incisors, restored by Gluma-treatment of the dentin, acid-etching of the enamel and fragment-bonding with a light-curable resin, were further restored with porcelain veneers after preparation. Fracture strength measurements of such restored teeth revealed strength not significantly different from that of intact teeth. It is suggested that such restorations, could have a reasonably long period of function clinically.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Veneers; Glutaral; Humans; Incisor; Nitrates; Nitric Acid; Oxalates; Polymethacrylic Acids; Resin Cements; Tooth Fractures

The coronal fractures of the upper incisors for traumatic injuries represent the 8% of the total dental trauma. The use of new dentinal adhesive have permitted to obtain new interesting development in dental traumatology and dental aesthetic, like the possibility of the utilization of the dental fragment, of the incisor broken for a trauma. The new dentinal adhesive is the Gluma (Bayer). The Author describes the technique, the times, some particulars and step by step all the method to obtain good final results. The Author described complicated and uncomplicated crown fractures, fractures with several fragments and corono-radicular fractures with reattachment of the fragment. The long distances results (3 years) of 48 cases are presented. Finally are presented all the advantages compared to the traditional methods with the composites materials.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Polishing; Dentin; Glutaral; Humans; Incisor; Light; Minerals; Polymethacrylic Acids; Tooth Fractures

Topics: Aldehydes; Composite Resins; Dental Cements; Glutaral; Humans; Polymethacrylic Acids; Tooth Fractures

Topics: Adhesiveness; Aldehydes; Child; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Female; Glutaral; Humans; Polymethacrylic Acids; Tooth Fractures

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Adolescent; Child; Composite Resins; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Female; Glutaral; Humans; Incisor; Male; Polymethacrylic Acids; Tooth Fractures

Topics: Aldehydes; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Glutaral; Humans; Polymethacrylic Acids; Tooth Fractures