glucagon-like-peptide-1 and Hyperthyroidism

Both diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders are common diseases. According to epidemiologic studies the prevalence of specific thyroid disorders in diabetic subjects is two times higher. Risk factors are age, female gender and autoimmune diabetes mellitus. However, thyroid disorders are diagnosed only half of the cases in diabetic population. The review briefly summarizes the association of autoimmune diabetes mellitus and thyreoiditis, the risk of thyroid disorders in type 1 diabetic pregnant women. Furthermore, the influence of obesity in the risk on thyroid cancer and the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue on thyroid medullary C-cells are discussed.

Topics: Age Factors; Autoimmunity; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Comorbidity; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodide Peroxidase; Obesity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

Incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] and gastric inhibitory polypeptide [GIP]) may play a role in the development of glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia in patients with hyperthyroidism.. We aimed to assess both incretin levels and treatment-induced changes in incretin levels in those with hyperthyroidism.. A total of 24 subjects (12 with hyperthyroidism and 12 healthy) were enrolled in the study. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed and serum glucose, insulin GLP1, and GIP levels were evaluated at 0 (baseline), 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes using ELISA. Measurements were repeated after euthyroidism was reached in subjects with hyperthyroidism.. The baseline glucose level was higher in those with hyperthyroidism compared with controls ( P = 0.03). GLP-1 and GIP responses to oral glucose load did not differ significantly between those with hyperthyroidism and controls. Peak GLP-1 and GIP levels were reached in both groups at 60 and 90 minutes, respectively. Areas under the curve (AUCs) for GLP1 and GIP were similar in those with hyperthyroidism and controls. Although GLP-1 and GIP levels did not change before and after antithyroid treatment in subjects with hyperthyroidism, time to peak GLP-1 and GIP levels were reached at 30 minutes after euthyroid state was achieved. Reversal of hyperthyroid to euthyroid status did not induce significant changes in AUCs for incretins.. The findings of the present study suggest that the total incretin response to oral glucose load is preserved in patients with hypertyhroidism, but peak incretin responses may change after achieving euthyroid state.

Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Incretins; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged

To investigate the influence of overt hyperthyroidism and euthyroid congenital hypothyroidism on fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels.. A total of 30 untreated overt hyperthyroidism patients, 17 euthyroid congenital hypothyroidism children, and age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Levels of GLP-1, insulin, glucose, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) were measured and evaluated.. Fasting GLP-1, blood glucose, insulin, and HOMR-IR levels were higher in patients with overt hyperthyroidism than in controls (p=0.030, p=0.008, p=0.004, p=0.037, respectively). These parameters in euthyroid hypothyroidism were similar to the controls. In euthyroid congenital hypothyroidism and overt hyperthyroidism patients, serum GLP-1 levels were not correlated with thyroid hormone, blood glucose, insulin, and HOMR-IR.. Fasting GLP-1 levels in the peripheral circulation were significantly increased in overt hyperthyroidism, however, they were no different in euthyroid congenital hypothyroidism.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Fasting; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Young Adult