gliclazide and Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset studies

Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"To compare the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide and metformin on body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease."	9.30	Effects of liraglutide, metformin and gliclazide on body composition in patients with both type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized trial. ( Bi, Y; Feng, WH; Gao, CX; Gao, LJ; Li, P; Shen, SM; Yang, DH; Yin, TT; Zhu, DL, 2019)
"The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide, and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)."	9.24	Randomized trial comparing the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide, and metformin on diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Bi, Y; Chen, W; Feng, W; Gao, C; Li, P; Shen, S; Wu, M; Yin, T; Zhu, D, 2017)
" In this study, we used the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) to evaluate the insulin sensitivity (IS), glucose sensitivity (SG), and acute insulin response after glucose load (AIRg) after 4 months treatment with either gliclazide or repaglinide."	9.14	Comparison of insulin sensitivity, glucose sensitivity, and first phase insulin secretion in patients treated with repaglinide or gliclazide. ( Chu, YM; Hsia, TL; Hsiao, FC; Hsieh, AT; Lee, LH; Lin, JD; Pei, C; Pei, D; Wang, K; Wu, CZ, 2010)
"Gliclazide has been reported to possess the properties of preventing the progression of diabetic retinopathy and of controlling blood glucose levels."	9.06	Long-term comparison of oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetic retinopathy. Gliclazide vs. other sulfonylureas. ( Akanuma, Y; Aoki, S; Fukuda, M; Kanazawa, Y; Kasuga, M; Kosaka, K, 1988)
"Patients treated with either gliclazide or DPP-4 inhibitors while fasting during Ramadan have similarly low risks of experiencing symptomatic hypoglycemia."	8.91	Incidence of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with gliclazide versus DPP-4 inhibitors during Ramadan: A meta-analytical approach. ( Abdel-Rahim, A; Al-Sifri, S; Mbanya, JC; Satman, I, 2015)
"To compare the effect of different hypoglycemic drugs on laboratory and ultrasonographic markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled on metformin alone."	7.83	Effect of incretin therapies compared to pioglitazone and gliclazide in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic patients not controlled on metformin alone: An observational, pilot study. ( García Díaz, E; Godoy, T; Guagnozzi, D; Gutiérrez, V; Larrañaga, Y; Maza, C; Mendoza, C; Perdomo, D; Taleb, G, 2016)
"To report a case of exposure to gliclazide and ramipril during pregnancy in a patient with diabetes mellitus and hypertension."	7.75	Normal pregnancy and healthy child after continued exposure to gliclazide and ramipril during pregnancy. ( Akar, M; Kolagasi, O; Sari, F; Sari, R, 2009)
"The effects of long-term treatment with gliclazide on diabetic retinopathy and platelet adhesion were investigated."	7.66	Preventive and therapeutic effects of gliclazide on diabetic retinopathy: comparison with glibenclamide treatment. ( Abe, M; Ikeda, Y; Minami, N, 1983)
"Rosiglitazone plus SU was well tolerated irrespective of hepatitis B and C serological status."	6.71	Addition of rosiglitazone to existing sulfonylurea treatment in chinese patients with type 2 diabetes and exposure to hepatitis B or C. ( Chow, WH; Davies, C; Jiang, J; Li, GW; Pan, CY; Shi, HL; Sun, XC; Tian, H; Yang, WY; Zhu, XX, 2003)
"Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of human blindness between the ages of 30 and 67 in the industrialized world."	6.67	Diabetic retinopathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients: the role of gliclazide. ( Akanuma, Y; Aoki, S; Fukuda, M; Kanazawa, Y; Kasuga, M; Kosaka, K, 1991)
"A 70-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presented to our department with poor glycemic control without evidence of hypoglycemia, but the levels of serum insulin and IAA were very high."	6.53	Gliclazide-Induced Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and Review on Literature. ( Cao, X; Feng, X; Hu, Y; Jiang, L; Li, Q; Liu, C; Luo, Y; Ma, J; Wang, Y; Yan, R; Yang, F; Yuan, L; Zhao, E; Zhu, Y, 2016)
"Initiation of iGlarLixi resulted in similar TIR, A1C, FPG, weight and hypoglycemia compared with the more affordable option of starting iGlar + gliclazide in adults of South Asian origin with T2D."	5.51	Randomized Comparison of Initiating the Fixed-Ratio Combination of iGlarLixi or Biosimilar Insulin Glargine Together With Gliclazide in Participants of South Asian Origin With Type 2 Diabetes: VARIATION 2 SA Trial. ( Aronson, R; Bajaj, HS; Bansal, N; Bhela, JS; Brown, RE; Chu, L; Dhillon, G; Gupta, R; Khandwala, H; Padda, JK; Venn, K, 2022)
"Vildagliptin is a new drug used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM)."	5.46	A case of bullous pemphigoid ınduced by vildagliptin. ( Ersoy-Evans, S; Gököz, O; Gönül, M; Keseroglu, HO; Taş-Aygar, G, 2017)
"Adult patients with type 2 diabetes controlled with insulin frequently require the addition of insulin sensitising drugs such as metformin and sometimes glitazones to achieve optimum glycaemic control."	5.33	Is it time to re-assess the role of gliclazide? Targeting insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients suboptimally controlled with insulin. ( Brown, N, 2006)
"To compare the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide and metformin on body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease."	5.30	Effects of liraglutide, metformin and gliclazide on body composition in patients with both type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized trial. ( Bi, Y; Feng, WH; Gao, CX; Gao, LJ; Li, P; Shen, SM; Yang, DH; Yin, TT; Zhu, DL, 2019)
"The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide, and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)."	5.24	Randomized trial comparing the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide, and metformin on diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Bi, Y; Chen, W; Feng, W; Gao, C; Li, P; Shen, S; Wu, M; Yin, T; Zhu, D, 2017)
"High blood glucose level, lipid profile disturbances and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes."	5.20	Effects of metformin plus gliclazide versus metformin plus glimepiride on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Abd-Allah, GM; Hassan, MH, 2015)
"Several observational studies were conducted with vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) fasting during Ramadan, showing significantly lower incidences of hypoglycemia with vildagliptin versus sulfonylureas, including gliclazide."	5.19	A double-blind, randomized trial, including frequent patient-physician contacts and Ramadan-focused advice, assessing vildagliptin and gliclazide in patients with type 2 diabetes fasting during Ramadan: the STEADFAST study. ( Abdallah, K; Hassanein, M; Schweizer, A, 2014)
" In this study, we used the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) to evaluate the insulin sensitivity (IS), glucose sensitivity (SG), and acute insulin response after glucose load (AIRg) after 4 months treatment with either gliclazide or repaglinide."	5.14	Comparison of insulin sensitivity, glucose sensitivity, and first phase insulin secretion in patients treated with repaglinide or gliclazide. ( Chu, YM; Hsia, TL; Hsiao, FC; Hsieh, AT; Lee, LH; Lin, JD; Pei, C; Pei, D; Wang, K; Wu, CZ, 2010)
"As compared with the patients receiving insulin monotherapy, the patients taking metformin alone or in combination showed a more effective recovery of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic disturbances, diminished insulin resistance (IR), lowered blood pressure and albuminuria, reduced diastolic dysfunction, and a smaller cardiovascular risk."	5.14	[Capabilities of hypoglycemic therapy in women with decompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Elsukova, OS; Onuchin, SG; Onuchina, EL; Solov'ev, OV, 2010)
"Over 13 weeks, both repaglinide and gliclazide, when combined with bedtime NPH insulin produce similar significant improvements in glycaemic control (-1%) and similar weight gain."	5.10	Comparison of repaglinide vs. gliclazide in combination with bedtime NPH insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral hypoglycaemic agents. ( Furlong, NJ; Hardy, KJ; Hulme, SA; O'Brien, SV, 2003)
"In type 2 diabetic patients, the vasodilating response to forearm ischemia was the same whether patients were treated with diet treatment alone or with glibenclamide or glimepiride at blood glucose-lowering equipotent closes."	5.09	Sulfonylurea treatment of type 2 diabetic patients does not reduce the vasodilator response to ischemia. ( Brunelli, C; Cordera, R; Cordone, S; Olivotti, L; Rossettin, P; Schiavo, M; Spallarossa, P, 2001)
" Plasma glucose and serum insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin levels were measured before as well as 1 and 2 h after breakfast in 23 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 17 patients with impaired glucose tolerance."	5.08	Acarbose controls postprandial hyperproinsulinemia in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Awata, T; Inoue, I; Katayama, S; Negishi, K; Noji, S; Takahashi, K, 1997)
"Gliclazide has been reported to possess the properties of preventing the progression of diabetic retinopathy and of controlling blood glucose levels."	5.06	Long-term comparison of oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetic retinopathy. Gliclazide vs. other sulfonylureas. ( Akanuma, Y; Aoki, S; Fukuda, M; Kanazawa, Y; Kasuga, M; Kosaka, K, 1988)
"Gliclazide has been reported to decrease platelet function and to inhibit the progression of diabetic retinopathy in addition to having a hypoglycemic effect."	5.05	Comparison of gliclazide and glibenclamide treatment in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. ( Baba, S; Fukui, I; Goto, Y; Maezawa, H; Nakagawa, S; Sakamoto, N; Takebe, K; Takeda, R, 1983)
"Patients treated with either gliclazide or DPP-4 inhibitors while fasting during Ramadan have similarly low risks of experiencing symptomatic hypoglycemia."	4.91	Incidence of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with gliclazide versus DPP-4 inhibitors during Ramadan: A meta-analytical approach. ( Abdel-Rahim, A; Al-Sifri, S; Mbanya, JC; Satman, I, 2015)
"Compared with other oral insulinotropic agents, gliclazide significantly reduced HbA1c with no difference regarding hypoglycemia risk."	4.91	Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and hypoglycemic safety of gliclazide versus other insulinotropic agents. ( Chan, SP; Colagiuri, S, 2015)
"Included were randomized studies of at least 12 weeks duration with the following outcomes: HbA1c change, incidence of severe hypoglycemia, weight change, cardiovascular events and/or mortality when comparing gliclazide with other oral blood glucose lowering drugs."	4.90	Safety and efficacy of gliclazide as treatment for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. ( Bilo, HJ; de Bock, GH; Gans, RO; Groenier, KH; Houweling, ST; Kleefstra, N; Landman, GW; van Dijk, PR; van Hateren, KJ, 2014)
" The onset of his hypoglycemia occurred within days after starting voriconazole and subsequently fluconazole for a fungal pneumonia."	3.88	Unintentional sulfonylurea toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction: a case report. ( Austin, E; Gunaratne, K; Wu, PE, 2018)
"To compare the effect of different hypoglycemic drugs on laboratory and ultrasonographic markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled on metformin alone."	3.83	Effect of incretin therapies compared to pioglitazone and gliclazide in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic patients not controlled on metformin alone: An observational, pilot study. ( García Díaz, E; Godoy, T; Guagnozzi, D; Gutiérrez, V; Larrañaga, Y; Maza, C; Mendoza, C; Perdomo, D; Taleb, G, 2016)
" Dosage of metformin was maintained throughout the study, and the sulfonylurea was stopped."	3.82	Double-blind, randomized, multicentre study of the efficacy and safety of gliclazide-modified release in the treatment of Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. ( Chang, CC; Chuang, LM; Jiang, YD; Lu, CH; Wang, CY; Wu, HP, 2006)
"Using nationwide administrative Danish registries, we followed all individuals without prior stroke or myocardial infarction who initiated metformin and an IS from 1997 through 2009."	3.81	Metformin in combination with various insulin secretagogues in type 2 diabetes and associated risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality--a retrospective nationwide study. ( Andersson, C; Fosbøl, EL; Gislason, G; Køber, L; Mogensen, UM; Scheller, NM; Schramm, TK; Torp-Pedersen, C; Vaag, A, 2015)
"The risk for hypoglycemia when taking glyburide compared with modified-release gliclazide remains to be established in older adults in routine care."	3.81	The Hypoglycemic Risk of Glyburide (Glibenclamide) Compared with Modified-Release Gliclazide. ( Clemens, KK; Dixon, SN; Fleet, JL; Garg, AX; Hramiak, I; McArthur, E, 2015)
"We conducted a population-based cohort study of patients aged 66 years and older who were hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction or who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention between 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2010 while receiving either glyburide or gliclazide."	3.78	Adverse cardiovascular events during treatment with glyburide (glibenclamide) or gliclazide in a high-risk population. ( Gomes, T; Juurlink, DN; Mamdani, MM; Shah, BR, 2012)
"To report a case of exposure to gliclazide and ramipril during pregnancy in a patient with diabetes mellitus and hypertension."	3.75	Normal pregnancy and healthy child after continued exposure to gliclazide and ramipril during pregnancy. ( Akar, M; Kolagasi, O; Sari, F; Sari, R, 2009)
"Treatment with glibenclamide could be associated with higher mortality for cardiovascular diseases and malignancies, in comparison with gliclazide."	3.74	Are sulphonylureas all the same? A cohort study on cardiovascular and cancer-related mortality. ( Balzi, D; Barchielli, A; Buiatti, E; Lamanna, C; Mannucci, E; Marchionni, N; Masotti, G; Monami, M, 2007)
"The clinical efficacy of gliclazide and its effect on plasma glucose, body weight and serum lipids was assessed in a 3 months open trial of 30 obese, Non-Insulin Dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients who failed to respond to diet therapy alone."	3.68	Gliclazide in the treatment of obese non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. ( Seshiah, V; Suresh, K; Venkataraman, S, 1993)
"A long-term follow-up study was carried out in 44 Type II diabetic patients to confirm the lack of effect of gliclazide on body weight as well as its hypoglycaemic efficacy and tolerance."	3.67	Lack of weight gain with gliclazide treatment for 30 months in type II diabetes. ( Lowe, SM; Robb, GH, 1984)
"3% of ideal body weight), with an impaired daily glycaemic profile despite a carbohydrate restrictive diet were treated with gliclazide (40 to 320 mg per day) for 36 months."	3.67	Is sulphonylurea therapy effective long term? A 3-year study with gliclazide. ( Lavielle, R; Zurro Hernandez, J, 1986)
"The effects of long-term treatment with gliclazide on diabetic retinopathy and platelet adhesion were investigated."	3.66	Preventive and therapeutic effects of gliclazide on diabetic retinopathy: comparison with glibenclamide treatment. ( Abe, M; Ikeda, Y; Minami, N, 1983)
"Weight loss is strongly recommended for overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes."	2.94	The Risks of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Following Weight Change in Adults with Diabetes: Results from ADVANCE. ( Chalmers, J; Hamet, P; Harrap, S; Lee, AK; Marre, M; Mcevoy, JW; Ohkuma, T; Selvin, E; Sharrett, AR; Wang, D; Warren, B; Williams, B; Woodward, M, 2020)
"Therefore, we compared the renal hemodynamic effects of dapagliflozin with gliclazide in type 2 diabetes."	2.94	The renal hemodynamic effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin are caused by post-glomerular vasodilatation rather than pre-glomerular vasoconstriction in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes in the randomized, double-blind RED trial. ( Bozovic, A; Danser, AHJ; Emanuel, AL; Geurts, F; Hoorn, EJ; Joles, JA; Kramer, MHH; Larsen, EL; Muskiet, MHA; Nieuwdorp, M; Poulsen, HE; Smits, MM; Tonneijck, L; Touw, DJ; van Baar, MJB; van Bommel, EJM; van Raalte, DH, 2020)
"Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are usually treated with (combinations of) glucose-lowering medication."	2.94	Effects of 12-week treatment with dapagliflozin and gliclazide on faecal microbiome: Results of a double-blind randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Davids, M; Herrema, H; Kramer, MHH; Nieuwdorp, M; van Bommel, EJM; van Raalte, DH, 2020)
"Forty-four people with type 2 diabetes were randomized to 12 weeks of dapagliflozin 10 mg/day or gliclazide 30 mg/day treatment."	2.94	Effects of dapagliflozin and gliclazide on the cardiorenal axis in people with type 2 diabetes. ( Heerspink, HJL; Joles, JA; Kramer, MHH; Muskiet, MHA; Nieuwdorp, M; Ruiter, D; Smits, MM; Touw, DJ; van Bommel, EJM; van Raalte, DH, 2020)
"Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c between 7."	2.90	Alogliptin and Gliclazide Similarly Increase Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. ( Greco, EL; Greco, G; Negro, R, 2019)
" The incidences of adverse events (AEs) were 29."	2.84	Efficacy and safety of metformin and sitagliptin based triple antihyperglycemic therapy (STRATEGY): a multicenter, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority clinical trial. ( Bi, Y; Engel, SS; Ji, L; Ji, Q; Jia, W; Lu, J; Mao, A; Mu, Y; Ran, X; Weng, J; Xu, W; Yang, W; Yao, B; Zeng, L; Zhao, B; Zhao, J; Zhou, Z; Zhu, D, 2017)
"0%) with a stable dosage of metformin plus gliclazide for more than 3 months were randomized to receive either vildagliptin 50 mg twice daily (BID, n = 37) or saxagliptin 5 mg once daily (QD, n = 36)."	2.82	Effects of vildagliptin versus saxagliptin on daily acute glucose fluctuations in Chinese patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea. ( Jing, W; Shunyou, D; Xiaochun, H; Xiaoyan, C; Yingyu, F; Yuyu, T, 2016)
"We analyzed 10,624 patients with type 2 diabetes free from baseline major PAD in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) clinical trial."	2.82	Microvascular and Macrovascular Disease and Risk for Major Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. ( Chalmers, J; Harrap, S; Hirakawa, Y; Lisheng, L; Mancia, G; Marre, M; Mohammedi, K; Neal, B; Rodgers, A; Williams, B; Woodward, M; Zoungas, S, 2016)
"Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic agents attained greater benefit from once-daily insulin glargine plus gliclazide modified release regimen than from a twice-daily premixed insulin regimen."	2.80	Glargine insulin/gliclazide MR combination therapy is more effective than premixed insulin monotherapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs. ( Guo, L; Guo, X; Jia, W; Li, Q; Mo, Y; Tian, H; Yang, H; Zhang, M; Zheng, F; Zhou, J, 2015)
"A total of 11 140 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to fixed combination of perindopril-indapamide (4/1."	2.79	Effects of combination of perindopril, indapamide, and calcium channel blockers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from the Action In Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial. ( Arima, H; Chalmers, J; Harrap, S; Hirakawa, Y; Mancia, G; Patel, A; Poulter, N; Williams, B; Woodward, M; Zoungas, S, 2014)
"In patients with type 2 diabetes, moderate alcohol use, particularly wine consumption, is associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality."	2.79	The relationship between alcohol consumption and vascular complications and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. ( Blomster, JI; Chalmers, J; Chow, CK; Harrap, S; Hillis, GS; Li, Q; Mancia, G; Neal, B; Patel, A; Poulter, N; Williams, B; Woodward, M; Zoungas, S, 2014)
"One hundred and one patients with type 2 diabetes who failed to achieve HbA1c<7% on previous metformin monotherapy were included to the study."	2.77	KCNJ11 gene E23K variant and therapeutic response to sulfonylureas. ( Babjakova, E; Fabianova, M; Javorsky, M; Klimcakova, L; Kozarova, M; Salagovic, J; Schroner, Z; Tkac, I; Tkacova, R; Zidzik, J, 2012)
"A total of 47 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients were randomized 1:1 to receive a 4-week treatment with repaglinide or gliclazide."	2.76	Effect of repaglinide and gliclazide on glycaemic control, early-phase insulin secretion and lipid profiles in. ( Bu, P; Lei, MX; Liao, EY; Luo, J; Mo, ZH; Xie, YH; Zhang, H, 2011)
"Twenty men with type 2 diabetes (aged 50-70 years) treated with diet, metformin or sulfonylurea alone were recruited from North Glasgow University National Health Service Trusts' diabetes clinics and randomised to either metformin or gliclazide for 10 weeks."	2.76	AMP-activated protein kinase is activated in adipose tissue of individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin: a randomised glycaemia-controlled crossover study. ( Boyle, JG; Cleland, SJ; Connell, JM; Jones, GC; Logan, PJ; Salt, IP; Sattar, N; Small, M, 2011)
"Type 2 diabetes has been associated with an increased risk of cancer."	2.76	Intensive glucose control and risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chalmers, J; De Bruin, ML; Grobbee, DE; Kengne, AP; Knol, MJ; Leufkens, HG; Patel, A; Stefansdottir, G; Woodward, M; Zoungas, S, 2011)
" The overall incidence of any adverse events was similar in both groups (approximately 61%), but the number of serious adverse events was higher in the gliclazide group (8."	2.75	A comparison of efficacy and safety of vildagliptin and gliclazide in combination with metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: a 52-week, randomized study. ( Filozof, C; Gautier, JF, 2010)
"Ninety-eight patients with type 2 diabetes and a fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels between 7."	2.75	Hydrochloride pioglitazone decreases urinary cytokines excretion in type 2 diabetes. ( Chen, Y; Hu, YY; Wu, FZ; Ye, SD; Zhao, LL; Zheng, M, 2010)
"Severe hypoglycemia was strongly associated with increased risks of a range of adverse clinical outcomes."	2.75	Severe hypoglycemia and risks of vascular events and death. ( Billot, L; Chalmers, J; de Galan, BE; Grobbee, DE; Heller, S; Kengne, AP; Li, Q; MacMahon, S; Marre, M; Neal, B; Ninomiya, T; Patel, A; Woodward, M; Zoungas, S, 2010)
"In this cohort of men with type 2 diabetes, ED was associated with a range of CVD events."	2.75	Erectile dysfunction and later cardiovascular disease in men with type 2 diabetes: prospective cohort study based on the ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified-Release Controlled Evaluation) trial. ( Batty, GD; Chalmers, J; Czernichow, S; de Galan, BE; Hamet, P; Harrap, SB; Huxley, R; Li, Q; Neal, B; Patel, A; Poulter, N; Woodward, M; Zoungas, S, 2010)
"Male and female patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately managed with metformin or sulfonylurea."	2.74	Free fatty acid kinetics during long-term treatment with pioglitazone added to sulfonylurea or metformin in Type 2 diabetes. ( Brazzale, AR; Mariz, S; Pacini, G; Roden, M, 2009)
"In patients with type 2 diabetes, the effects of intensive glucose control on vascular outcomes remain uncertain."	2.73	Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Billot, L; Bompoint, S; Chalmers, J; Cooper, M; de Galan, BE; Glasziou, P; Grobbee, D; Hamet, P; Harrap, S; Heller, S; Joshi, R; Liu, L; MacMahon, S; Mancia, G; Marre, M; Mogensen, CE; Neal, B; Pan, C; Patel, A; Poulter, N; Rodgers, A; Travert, F; Williams, B; Woodward, M, 2008)
" However, glibenclamide, regardless of the dosage schedule, tends to lower the plasma glucose values between midnight and early morning."	2.73	Daily blood glucose profiles of glibenclamide and gliclazide taken once or twice daily in elderly type 2 diabetic patients. ( Futami-Suda, S; Kigawa, Y; Nakano, H; Norose, J; Oba, K; Ouchi, M; Suzuki, K; Suzuki, T; Watanabe, K; Yasuoka, H, 2008)
"About 115 patients with type 2 diabetes were treated with gliclazide for 8 weeks."	2.73	Association of sulfonylurea receptor 1 genotype with therapeutic response to gliclazide in type 2 diabetes. ( Kuang, H; Liu, X; Xing, H; Yi, R; Zhang, H, 2007)
"Treatment with nateglinide plus metformin for up to 12 months was not associated with weight gain."	2.73	Nateglinide or gliclazide in combination with metformin for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on maximum doses of metformin alone: 1-year trial results. ( Collober-Maugeais, C; Cressier, F; Pecher, E; Ristic, S; Tang, P, 2007)
"Gliclazide is an SU agent believed to be more protective."	2.73	'Warm-up' phenomenon in diabetic patients with stable angina treated with diet or sulfonylureas. ( Bilinska, M; Korzeniowska-Kubacka, I; Piotrowicz, R; Potocka, J, 2007)
"In patients with type 2 diabetes, the application of SMBG as an adjunct to oral antidiabetic agent therapy results in further reductions in HbA1c."	2.73	The efficacy of self-monitoring of blood glucose in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a gliclazide modified release-based regimen. A multicentre, randomized, parallel-group, 6-month evaluation (DINAMIC 1 study). ( Azizi, F; Barnett, AH; Embong, M; Imamoglu, S; Krentz, AJ; Perusicová, J; Sieradzki, J; Strojek, K; Uliciansky, V; Winkler, G, 2008)
"Gliclazide has been shown to possess free radical scavenging properties."	2.72	Association of gliclazide and left ventricular mass in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Chang, NC; Huang, CL; Lee, TM; Lin, MS; Pan, NH, 2006)
"Gliclazide MR treatment produced significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose (from 7."	2.72	Effect of gliclazide modified release on adiponectin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha plasma levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Drzewoski, J; Zurawska-Klis, M, 2006)
" In responders, the initial dose (30 mg) of the gliclazide MR dosing regimen induced half of the maximum hypoglycaemic effect."	2.71	Population PKPD modelling of the long-term hypoglycaemic effect of gliclazide given as a once-a-day modified release (MR) formulation. ( Francillard, M; Frey, N; Holford, NH; Jochemsen, R; Laveille, C; Paraire, M, 2003)
"Rosiglitazone plus SU was well tolerated irrespective of hepatitis B and C serological status."	2.71	Addition of rosiglitazone to existing sulfonylurea treatment in chinese patients with type 2 diabetes and exposure to hepatitis B or C. ( Chow, WH; Davies, C; Jiang, J; Li, GW; Pan, CY; Shi, HL; Sun, XC; Tian, H; Yang, WY; Zhu, XX, 2003)
"To compare the metabolic and vascular effects of two sulphonylureas (SU), gliclazide (specific for the pancreatic [SUR1] receptor) and glimepiride (a nonspecific agent that also binds to vascular and cardiac [SUR2] receptors), during chronic administration in metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM)."	2.71	Comparison of the micro- and macro-vascular effects of glimepiride and gliclazide in metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, crossover study. ( Davis, KR; Dhindsa, P; Donnelly, R, 2003)
"Patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled on a half-maximal dose of a sulphonylurea may be managed by either increasing the dose of sulphonylurea or adding another agent."	2.71	Comparison of uptitration of gliclazide with the addition of rosiglitazone to gliclazide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on half-maximal doses of a sulphonylurea. ( Baksi, A; James, RE; Nolan, JJ; Zhou, B, 2004)
"159 patients with type 2 diabetes were parallelly assigned to a slow-released-gliclazide or gliclazide group in a randomized, open, multi-center phase III study to compare the efficacy of slow-released-gliclazide and gliclazide on overall diabetes control through HbA1c and the adverse events including hypoglycemic episodes and change of vital signs, electrocardiogram and clinical laboratory parameters after a 12-week treatment period."	2.71	[The efficacy and safety of 30 mg slow-released-gliclazide in type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Gao, Y; Guo, XH; Li, GW; Li, HB; Pan, CY; Tian, H; Xing, XY; Yang, WY; Yuan, SY, 2004)
"An open-label prospective cross-over trial was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of once daily low-dose gliclazide (20 mg/day) with that of nateglinide at the usual dosage (270 mg/day, 90 mg t."	2.71	Efficacy and safety of once daily gliclazide (20 mg/day) compared with nateglinide. ( Kawamori, R; Miwa, S; Ohmura, C; Tanaka, Y; Watada, H, 2004)
"Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea compound oral hypoglycemic drug that has a unique feature of restoring the first-phase insulin secretion, which is lost in T2DM being one of the early features of disease."	2.71	NIDDM: new once-daily intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Diaprel MR. ( Brădescu, OM; Gavrilă, L; Guja, C; Ionescu-Tîrgovişte, C, 2004)
"Repaglinide has minimal physiological advantage over gliclazide, but both therapies for type 2 diabetes fall far short of correcting the endocrine and metabolic abnormalities."	2.71	Effect of repaglinide and gliclazide on postprandial control of endogenous glucose production. ( Caumo, A; Cobelli, C; Singhal, P; Taylor, R, 2005)
"Metformin is a well-known oral hypoglycaemic agent and has been commonly used, in combination with sulphonylurea, to treat type 2 diabetes."	2.71	Metformin or gliclazide, rather than glibenclamide, attenuate progression of carotid intima-media thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes. ( Hayaishi-Okano, R; Hori, M; Kaneto, H; Katakami, N; Kosugi, K; Matsuhisa, M; Ohtoshi, K; Yamasaki, Y, 2004)
" After dosing glibenclamide induced a significant (P = 0."	2.71	Forearm vascular reactivity is differentially influenced by gliclazide and glibenclamide in chronically treated type 2 diabetic patients. ( Boes, U; Wascher, TC, 2005)
"Pioglitazone monotherapy was equivalent to gliclazide in reducing HbA1c, with specific differences between treatments in terms of mechanism of action, plasma lipids and adverse events."	2.71	A long-term comparison of pioglitazone and gliclazide in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparison trial. ( Brunetti, P; Charbonnel, BH; Hanefeld, M; Matthews, DR; Schernthaner, G, 2005)
"Metformin treatment showed either small mean increases or decreases."	2.71	Changes in liver tests during 1-year treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone, metformin or gliclazide. ( Belcher, G; Schernthaner, G, 2005)
" The objective of the DIACOM (effect of DosIng frequency of oral Antidiabetic agents on the COMpliance and biochemical control of type 2 diabetes) study was to compare the compliance of patients treated with once-daily (od) or twice-daily (bid) sulphonylureas."	2.71	The DIACOM study (effect of DosIng frequency of oral Antidiabetic agents on the COMpliance and biochemical control of type 2 diabetes). ( Kardas, P, 2005)
"In conclusion, in long-standing type 2 diabetes the acute administration of gliclazide significantly enhances second phase insulin release at a moderately elevated blood glucose level."	2.70	Gliclazide mainly affects insulin secretion in second phase of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ligtenberg, JJ; Reitsma, WD; van Haeften, TW, 2001)
"To this end, 10 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 53 +/- 2 years, BMI 27."	2.70	Acute and short-term administration of a sulfonylurea (gliclazide) increases pulsatile insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. ( Hansen , AP; Juhl, CB; Pincus, SM; Pørksen, N; Schmitz, O; Veldhuis, JD, 2001)
"Fifty patients of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes were divided in to two groups."	2.70	Glibenclamide vs gliclazide in reducing oxidative stress in patients of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus--a double blind randomized study. ( Chugh, K; Chugh, SN; Dhawan, R; Kishore, K; Sharma, A, 2001)
"Fifty-seven patients affected by type 2 diabetes for at least 5 years, aged 61."	2.69	[Gliclazide and metformin combination in patients with type 2 diabetes. Preliminary data]. ( Arcangeli, A; Fiore, G; Galeone, F; Mannucci, E, 1998)
"Forty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were on conventional insulin therapy (subcutaneous insulin therapy consisting of regular and NPH insulin, two times a day) were included in the study."	2.69	Effects of combination of insulin and acarbose compared with insulin and gliclazide in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Gedik, O; Güvener, N, 1999)
" Patients were randomly assigned to sulphonylurea increased up to its maximum dosage (1st group) or to addition of metformin (2nd group)."	2.69	Poorly controlled elderly Type 2 diabetic patients: the effects of increasing sulphonylurea dosages or adding metformin. ( Ambrosi, F; Carle, F; Filipponi, P; Gregorio, F; Manfrini, S; Merante, D; Testa, R; Velussi, M, 1999)
"Gliclazide was measured using h."	2.69	Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gliclazide in Caucasians and Australian Aborigines with type 2 diabetes. ( Barrett, PH; Beilby, JP; Daly, F; Davis, TM; Dusci, LJ; Ilett, KF; Walsh, JP, 2000)
"Fifty-three Chinese patients with NIDDM (mean age 53."	2.68	Comparison of insulin with or without continuation of oral hypoglycemic agents in the treatment of secondary failure in NIDDM patients. ( Chow, CC; Cockram, CS; Sorensen, JP; Tsang, LW, 1995)
" Moreover adding a bed-time dosage to the standard administration at meal times seems to be an effective therapeutical strategy."	2.68	Meformin, plasma glucose and free fatty acids in type II diabetic out-patients: results of a clinical study. ( Ambrosi, F; Filipponi, P; Gregorio, F; Manfrini, S; Santucci, A, 1997)
"Subjects with NIDDM have increased plasma proinsulin concentrations, compared with nondiabetic subjects, both in absolute terms and as a proportion of circulating insulin-like molecules."	2.68	Relative hyperproinsulinemia of NIDDM persists despite the reduction of hyperglycemia with insulin or sulfonylurea therapy. ( Barrow, BA; Levy, JC; Manley, SE; Rachman, J; Turner, RC, 1997)
"Forty-four patients with NIDDM, already treated with a sulphonylurea, took part in an open, randomised, group comparison study of 12 weeks duration, during which they received either repaglinide or glibenclamide twice daily."	2.67	Effects of a new oral hypoglycaemic agent, repaglinide, on metabolic control in sulphonylurea-treated patients with NIDDM. ( Kruseman, AC; Menheere, PP; Müller, PG; Nijst, L; Sels, JP; Wolffenbuttel, BH, 1993)
" The dosage was adjusted to obtain adequate control or up to the maximum recommended dosage."	2.67	Efficacy of gliclazide in comparison with other sulphonylureas in the treatment of NIDDM. ( Harrower, AD, 1991)
"Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of human blindness between the ages of 30 and 67 in the industrialized world."	2.67	Diabetic retinopathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients: the role of gliclazide. ( Akanuma, Y; Aoki, S; Fukuda, M; Kanazawa, Y; Kasuga, M; Kosaka, K, 1991)
"Gliclazide was significantly better than glipizide (p less than 0."	2.67	Comparison of secondary failure rate between three second generation sulphonylureas. ( Harrower, AD; Wong, C, 1990)
"A 70-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presented to our department with poor glycemic control without evidence of hypoglycemia, but the levels of serum insulin and IAA were very high."	2.53	Gliclazide-Induced Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and Review on Literature. ( Cao, X; Feng, X; Hu, Y; Jiang, L; Li, Q; Liu, C; Luo, Y; Ma, J; Wang, Y; Yan, R; Yang, F; Yuan, L; Zhao, E; Zhu, Y, 2016)
"The primary aim must be the treatment of the insulin resistance."	2.43	[Controversial therapeutic strategies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Schumm-Draeger, PM, 2005)
"Pioglitazone is a TZD that provides appropriate monotherapy or combination treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes."	2.42	Long-term glycaemic control with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Campbell, IW, 2004)
"The incidence of congestive cardiac failure was similar with pioglitazone (12/1857) and non-pioglitazone (10/1856) treatments."	2.42	Cardiovascular effects of treatment of type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone, metformin and gliclazide. ( Belcher, G; Edwards, G; Goh, KL; Lambert, C; Valbuena, M, 2004)
" The absorption rate of glibenclamide and tolbutamide was not affected by food."	2.41	[Timing of administration of sulfonyl urea derivatives]. ( de Smet, PA; Fischer, HR, 2000)
" Employing an innovative pharmaceutical form based on a hydrophilic matrix to deliver this short-acting sulfonylurea, gliclazide modified release is associated with an unsurpassed efficacy:acceptability ratio, with the potential additional advantages inherent in reduced dosage and once-daily administration."	2.41	Gliclazide modified release: from once-daily administration to 24-hour blood glucose control. ( Harrower, A, 2000)
"Gliclazide MR has also demonstrated antioxidant properties that are independent of glycaemic control."	2.41	Gliclazide modified release. ( Goa, KL; McGavin, JK; Perry, CM, 2002)
"Gliclazide is a second-generation sulfonylures that is widely used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 2 diabetes)."	2.39	[Gliclazide: review of metabolic and vascular action]. ( Alberti, KG, 1994)
"Gliclazide is a second generation sulphonylurea oral hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)."	2.38	Gliclazide. An update of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Brogden, RN; Palmer, KJ, 1993)
"Gliclazide is a second-generation sulfonylurea that is widely used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)."	2.38	Gliclazide: metabolic and vascular effects--a perspective. ( Alberti, KG; Johnson, AB; Taylor, R, 1992)
"Many NIDDM patients exhibit poor compliance with regard to exercise and diet, and require oral hypoglycemics."	2.38	The treatment of NIDDM in the decade of the 90s. ( Krall, LP, 1991)
"Gliclazide is a sulphonylurea drug with an intermediate half-life of around 11 hours."	2.38	The mode of action and clinical pharmacology of gliclazide: a review. ( Campbell, DB; Lavielle, R; Nathan, C, 1991)
"Treatment with gliclazide of patients with NIDDM has been shown to be associated with a potentiation of both insulin-mediated glucose disposal and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity in skeletal muscle."	2.38	Gliclazide and insulin action in human muscle. ( Bak, JF; Pedersen, O, 1991)
"Gliclazide is a second-generation sulfonylurea drug whose efficacy in the treatment of NIDDM, alone or in combination with insulin, has been widely demonstrated."	2.38	Current status of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type II): management with gliclazide. ( Rifkin, H, 1991)
"Gliclazide was approved as a treatment for type 2 diabetes in an era before model-based drug development, and consequently, the recommended doses were not optimised with modern methods."	1.91	Optimal dosing of gliclazide-A model-based approach. ( Cotton, MF; Hussein, H; Karamchand, S; Kjellsson, MC; Leisegang, R; Mim, SR; Naidoo, P; Rambiritch, V; Vidadi, S, 2023)
"A post hoc analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes followed by the ADVANCE-ON (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation - Observational Study)."	1.72	Cumulative Systolic Blood Pressure Load and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Diabetes. ( Chalmers, J; Hamet, P; Harrap, S; Harris, K; Mancia, G; Poulter, N; Rodgers, A; Wang, N; Williams, B; Woodward, M; Zoungas, S, 2022)
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was evaluated by abdominal ultrasound, and fibrosis stages were evaluated at baseline and 8 months."	1.72	The role of nursing care in the type 2 diabetes treatment associated with chronic liver diseases. ( Fu, BY; Wang, XJ, 2022)
" The solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of gliclazide SGNCs were significantly improved compared to pure gliclazide."	1.51	Fabrication of Second Generation Smarter PLGA Based Nanocrystal Carriers for Improvement of Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Efficacy of Gliclazide in Type-2 Diabetes Rat Model. ( Bhattamisra, SK; Krishnamoorthy, R; Panda, BP; Patnaik, S; Seng, LB; Shivashekaregowda, NKH, 2019)
"Glimepiride was associated with the best clinical outcome, showing the lowest mortality and lowest cardiovascular event risk of the five insulin secretagogues."	1.51	Comparison of mortality and cardiovascular event risk associated with various insulin secretagogues: A nationwide real-world analysis. ( Huang, HK; Yeh, JI, 2019)
"To analyze the efficacy and safety of replacing sitagliptin with canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and poor metabolic control despite treatment with sitagliptin in combination with metformin and/or gliclazide."	1.48	Efficacy and safety of replacing sitagliptin with canagliflozin in real-world patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with sitagliptin combined with metformin and/or gliclazide: The SITA-CANA Switch Study. ( Garcia de Lucas, MD; Gómez Huelgas, R; Olalla Sierra, J; Pérez Belmonte, LM; Suárez Tembra, M, 2018)
" It is dosed in modified release tablets."	1.48	Determination of gliclazide minimum concentration in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Czyrski, A; Hermann, T; Resztak, M, 2018)
"Diabetic ketoacidosis has been described as a rare complication of acromegaly and may be observed in 1% of affected patients."	1.46	Rapid Onset of Diabetic Ketoacidosis After SGLT2 Inhibition in a Patient With Unrecognized Acromegaly. ( Bilz, S; Brändle, M; Fournier, JY; Quarella, M; Walser, D, 2017)
"Vildagliptin is a new drug used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM)."	1.46	A case of bullous pemphigoid ınduced by vildagliptin. ( Ersoy-Evans, S; Gököz, O; Gönül, M; Keseroglu, HO; Taş-Aygar, G, 2017)
"The objective of this study was to determine if there is a dose-response relationship between sulfonylureas and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)."	1.43	Dose-response relationship between sulfonylureas and major adverse cardiovascular events in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Abdelmoneim, AS; Eurich, DT; Qiu, W; Senthilselvan, A; Simpson, SH, 2016)
"A total of 746 incident type 2 diabetes patients were included in this study."	1.43	CYP2C93 variant is associated with antidiabetes efficacy of gliclazide in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. ( Chen, D; Chen, P; Guo, Y; Han, C; Liu, Z; Zeng, W, 2016)
" We sought to estimate individual beneficial and adverse effects of intensive glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes."	1.43	Estimation of individual beneficial and adverse effects of intensive glucose control for patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chalmers, J; Grobbee, DE; Harrap, S; Heller, S; Mancia, G; Marre, M; Poulter, N; van der Graaf, Y; van der Leeuw, J; Visseren, FL; Woodward, M; Zoungas, S, 2016)
"In older patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for IHD, prior use of gliclazide, glyburide, or repaglinide appears to be associated with a similar risk of adverse cardiovascular sequelae."	1.42	Comparative cardiovascular safety of insulin secretagogues following hospitalization for ischemic heart disease among type 2 diabetes patients: a cohort study. ( Abdelmoneim, AS; Huang, Y; Light, P; Qiu, W; Simpson, SH, 2015)
"In primary care, once daily, breakable extended release gliclazide XR 60 mg, with a simple two step titration to administer maximum recommended dosage is effective in achieving short term glycemic control with a low frequency of hypoglycaemia, in monotherapy or in combination with metformin."	1.42	Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes with a Breakable Extended Release Gliclazide Formulation in Primary Care: The Xrise Study. ( Chopra, V; Jain, S; Jayaprakashsai, J; Mohan, V; Sanyal, D, 2015)
"Gliclazide or metformin-treated patients demonstrated lesser mortality risk than glibenclamide-treated ones in all four evaluation models, but age and duration stratification can influence this phenomenon in case of "first prescription model"."	1.40	Evaluation approach can significantly influence oral glucose-lowering drugs total mortality risks in retrospective cohorts of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Khalangot, M; Kovtun, V, 2014)
"Approximately 40% of patients with type 2 diabetes may progress to nephropathy and a good metabolic control can prevent the development of diabetic renal injury."	1.37	Insulin and metformin may prevent renal injury in young type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. ( da Cunha, FX; Louro, TM; Matafome, PN; Nunes, EC; Seiça, RM, 2011)
"Often misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common form of monogenic diabetes, accounting for 1-2% of all diabetes cases."	1.37	Diagnosis in diabetes: does it matter? ( Robertson, L; Swaminathan, K; Thethy, I, 2011)
" Long-term use of metformin in complex multifactorial therapy of women with decompensated type 2 diabetes DM, AH and abdominal obesity provides improvement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, lowering of arterial pressure, diminishment of albuminuria, diastolic dysfunction, and stiffness of left ventricular myocardium."	1.36	[Dynamics of structural-functional parameters of cardiovascular system during use of complex therapy of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Elsukova, OS; Onuchin, SG; Onuchina, EL; Solov'ev, OV, 2010)
"Hyperglycaemia is a risk factor for cancer and some sulphonylureas have anti-oxidant properties."	1.36	Use of sulphonylurea and cancer in type 2 diabetes-The Hong Kong Diabetes Registry. ( Chan, JC; Chow, CC; Ko, GT; Kong, AP; Luk, AO; Ma, RC; Ng, VW; Ozaki, R; So, WY; Tong, PC; Yang, X; Yu, LW, 2010)
"The study objective was to determine if Ramadan fasting was safe in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), based upon a determination of the effect of fasting on a broad range of physiological and clinical parameters, including markers of glycemic control and blood pressure."	1.35	Is Ramadan fasting safe in type 2 diabetic patients in view of the lack of significant effect of fasting on clinical and biochemical parameters, blood pressure, and glycemic control? ( Chabraoui, L; Chebraoui, L; Chraibi, A; El Guessabi, L; Fellat, S; Israili, ZH; Lyoussi, B; M'guil, M; Ragala, MA, 2008)
" Subsequently, the effects of a 1-week chronic daily dosing of DPP-IV inhibitors and sulfonylureas were investigated."	1.35	Antidiabetic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors and sulfonylureas in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced mildly diabetic mice. ( Hayakawa, M; Matsuyama-Yokono, A; Nakano, R; Shibasaki, M; Shiraki, K; Someya, Y; Tahara, A, 2009)
"gliclazide treatment."	1.35	Glibenclamide-related excess in total and cardiovascular mortality risks: data from large Ukrainian observational cohort study. ( Khalangot, M; Kovtun, V; Kravchenko, V; Tronko, M, 2009)
"Gliclazide is a sulphonylurea antidiabetic drug with antioxidant effects due to its azabicyclo-octyl ring."	1.35	Antioxidant and vascular effects of gliclazide in type 2 diabetic rats fed high-fat diet. ( Louro, T; Matafome, P; Monteiro, P; Nunes, E; Seiça, R; Sena, CM, 2009)
"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with elevated level of oxidative stress, which is one of the most important factors responsible for the development of chronic complications of this disease."	1.35	In vitro effect of gliclazide on DNA damage and repair in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ( Blasiak, J; Drzewoski, J; Kasznicki, J; Sliwinska, A, 2008)
"A 74-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had been treated with a sulfonylurea for 6 years began experiencing frequent episodes of hypoglycemia."	1.34	Insulinoma causing hypoglycemia in a patient with type 2 diabetes. ( Chang, WH; Chen, TL; Lei, WY; Wang, CY; Wang, TE; Yang, TL, 2007)
"Effective long-term treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) implies modification of the disease processes that cause this progressive disorder."	1.33	A mechanism-based disease progression model for comparison of long-term effects of pioglitazone, metformin and gliclazide on disease processes underlying Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Danhof, M; de Winter, W; DeJongh, J; Eckland, D; Moules, I; Ploeger, B; Post, T; Urquhart, R, 2006)
"Gliclazide is an oral hypoglycemic agent that belongs to the class of sulfonylureas: basic and clinical evidences suggest that gliclazide works as an antioxidative drug, independently from its ability to reduce hyperglycemia."	1.33	Effects of gliclazide beyond metabolic control. ( Ceriello, A, 2006)
"Adult patients with type 2 diabetes controlled with insulin frequently require the addition of insulin sensitising drugs such as metformin and sometimes glitazones to achieve optimum glycaemic control."	1.33	Is it time to re-assess the role of gliclazide? Targeting insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients suboptimally controlled with insulin. ( Brown, N, 2006)
"Insulin resistance is a key feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus."	1.32	Urinary PC-1 and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin, gliclazide or glibenclamide. ( Antić, S; Bogicević, M; Milojković, M; Mitić-Zlatković, M; Stefanović, V; Stojiljković, S; Vlahović, P, 2003)
"8%, and increase in percentage of once-daily dosing regimen from 12 to 58."	1.32	[Compliance and optimisation of oral antidiabetic therapy. A longitudinal study]. ( Guillausseau, PJ, 2004)
"Weight reduction was observed in all the treatment groups."	1.32	[Therapy objectives and daily practice--to which extent are blood sugar target values accessible in daily practice?]. ( Stalder, Dde M, 2004)
"The subjects were 55 patients with type 2 diabetes."	1.31	Effect of pioglitazone on blood proinsulin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Kubo, K, 2002)
" All patients were stable, with no change in dosage for at least 3 months."	1.30	Monitoring of metabolic control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on oral hypoglycaemic agents: value of evening blood glucose determination. ( Guillausseau, PJ, 1997)
"In gliclazide-treated NIDDM patients, PDH activity in circulating lymphocytes recovered."	1.30	Molecular effects of sulphonylurea agents in circulating lymphocytes of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Bruno, R; Curto, M; Gamba, S; Mioletti, S; Mostert, M; Piccinini, M; Rabbone, I; Rinaudo, MT, 1998)
"Gliclazide treatment lowered LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production by diabetic monocytes to levels similar to those observed in control subjects."	1.30	Normalization of plasma lipid peroxides, monocyte adhesion, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in NIDDM patients after gliclazide treatment. ( Desfaits, AC; Renier, G; Serri, O, 1998)
"Gliclazide-treated Goto-Kakisaki rats were evaluated against Wistar and untreated Goto-Kakisaki rats."	1.30	Effect of gliclazide treatment on insulin secretion and beta-cell mass in non-insulin dependent diabetic Goto-Kakisaki rats. ( Bailbé, D; Dachicourt, N; Gangnerau, MN; Portha, B; Ravel, D; Serradas, P, 1998)
"The onset of Type 2 diabetes is insidious and is usually recognized only 5-12 years after hyperglycaemia develops."	1.30	Accelerated complications in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: the need for greater awareness and earlier detection. ( Muggeo, M, 1998)
"Gliclazide treatment results in increased serum C-peptide, decreased hemoglobin-A1c, decreased glucose excursion on glucose tolerance test, and 35% increased insulin-stimulated glucose disposal."	1.29	Sulfonylurea therapy improves glucose disposal without changing skeletal muscle GLUT4 levels in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjects: a longitudinal study. ( Bjørbaek, C; Hansen, L; Kahn, BB; Pedersen, O; Rosen, AS; Vestergaard, H; Weinreb, JE, 1995)
"Gliclazide was applied in the group I (11 patients, mean age 63."	1.29	[Does hypoglycemic treatment with gliclazide and gliquidone affect platelet function in type II diabetic patients?]. ( Bresler, M; Grzeszczak, W; Gumprecht, J; Strojek, K; Trautsolt, W, 1993)
"Five male non-obese newly diagnosed NIDDM and 5 age-, sex- and body mass index (BMI) matched healthy controls without a family history of diabetes were submitted to a frequently sampled intravenous (i."	1.29	Effect of a sulfonylurea (gliclazide) treatment on insulin sensitivity and glucose-mediated glucose disposal in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). ( Porrelli, RN; Santomauro, AT; Wajchenberg, BL, 1993)
"Gliclazide treatment was associated with significant reductions in HbA1C (p=0."	1.29	Unchanged gene expression of glycogen synthase in muscle from patients with NIDDM following sulphonylurea-induced improvement of glycaemic control. ( Bjørbaek, C; Lund, S; Pedersen, O; Vestergaard, H, 1995)
" Thus the insulinogenic effect of gliclazide could be masked during long-term administration by a concomitant effect of gliclazide which increases hepatic extraction of insulin."	1.28	Short- and long-term gliclazide effects on pancreatic islet cell function and hepatic insulin extraction in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Borghi, VC; Giannella-Neto, D; Porrelli, RN; Santomauro, AT; Wajchenberg, BL, 1992)
"Gliclazide was given to group A following CSII and to 5 obese NIDDM patients (group B) in their habitual hyperglycemic state."	1.28	Effect of 6 months' gliclazide treatment on insulin release and sensitivity to endogenous insulin in NIDDM: role of initial CSII-induced normoglycemia. ( Cerasi, E; del Rio, G; Della Casa, L; Glaser, B, 1991)
" Adverse effects were reported by 22 patients, including dizziness and light-headedness, diarrhea, nausea, palpitations and pruritus, but none required modification of Diamicron therapy."	1.28	Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Diamicron in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. ( Dudley, J; Kalb, B; Kilo, C, 1991)
"Gliclazide was given to group A following CSII, and to five obese NIDDM patients (group B) in their habitual hyperglycemic state."	1.28	Effect of 6-month gliclazide treatment on insulin release and sensitivity to endogenous insulin in NIDDM: role of initial continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion-induced normoglycemia. ( Cerasi, E; del Rio, G; Della Casa, L; Glaser, B, 1991)
"Gliclazide was given 30 min before, at the start of and 30 min after breakfast or omitted altogether."	1.28	The effects of ingestion time of gliclazide in relationship to meals on plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels. ( Batch, J; Bird, D; Cameron, D; Charles, B; Ma, A; Noble, R; Ravenscroft, P, 1990)
" Gliclazide taken 30 minutes before breakfast increased in serum concentration before the meal-induced hyperglycemia, but that taken just before or just after breakfast was poorly absorbed and showed smaller and greatly delayed peaks."	1.28	The effect of timing on gliclazide absorption and action. ( Ishibashi, F; Takashina, S, 1990)
"Gliclazide treatment was associated with improved glycemic control and enhanced pancreatic beta-cell responses to meal stimulation."	1.28	Postreceptor effects of sulfonylurea on skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity in type II diabetic patients. ( Bak, JF; Pedersen, O; Schmitz, O; Sørensen, NS, 1989)
"Gliclazide (80 mg bd) was administered to nine subjects with type 2 (non insulin dependent) diabetes inadequately controlled on diet only."	1.28	The effects of long term gliclazide administration on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. ( Bird, D; Cameron, DP; Howlett, V; Kamp, M; Ma, A, 1989)
"Mean body weight was reduced, particularly in obese and elderly subjects and those treated previously with sulphonylurea drugs."	1.27	Home blood glucose monitoring in non-insulin-dependent diabetics: the effect of gliclazide on blood glucose and weight control, a multicentre trial. ( Campbell, DB; Shaw, KM; Ward, JD; Wheeley, MS, 1985)
"Gliclazide is a suitable oral hypoglycaemic agent for use in the obese diabetic who cannot be controlled by diet alone."	1.27	A comparison of treatment with metformin and gliclazide in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. ( Frier, BM; Kay, JW; McAlpine, CH; McAlpine, LG; Storer, AM; Waclawski, ER, 1988)
"Gliclazide was proven to be a reliable blood-sugar lowering agent with a generally good subjective tolerance."	1.27	[Gliclazide in the non-insulin-dependent diabetic patient in geriatrics]. ( Böhmer, F; Frühwald, T, 1988)

Research

Studies (398)

Authors

Clinical Trials (25)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Body Weight

Effective Renal Plasma Flow (ERPF) in ml/Min

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	42 (10.55)	18.7374
1990's	90 (22.61)	18.2507
2000's	125 (31.41)	29.6817
2010's	111 (27.89)	24.3611
2020's	30 (7.54)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Kumar, A	1
Maurya, RA	1
Sharma, S	2
Ahmad, P	1
Singh, AB	1
Tamrakar, AK	1
Srivastava, AK	1
Raza, SA	1
Akram, J	1
Aamir, AH	1
Ahmedani, Y	1
Hassan, MI	1
Soelistijo, SA	1
Aman, AM	1
Zufry, H	1
Pranoto, A	1
Rudijanto, A	1
Hassanien, M	1
Bajaj, HS	1
Chu, L	1
Bansal, N	1
Brown, RE	1
Dhillon, G	1
Gupta, R	1
Bhela, JS	1
Padda, JK	1
Khandwala, H	1
Venn, K	1
Aronson, R	1
Ohkuma, T	3
Harris, K	2
Cooper, M	7
Grobbee, DE	7
Hamet, P	14
Harrap, S	17
Mancia, G	15
Marre, M	15
Patel, A	16
Rodgers, A	6
Williams, B	12
Woodward, M	25
Chalmers, J	28
Wang, N	1
Poulter, N	17
Zoungas, S	21
Tomlinson, B	1
Li, YH	1
Chan, P	1
Solanki, R	1
Wadhwana, P	1
Patel, R	1
Gayakvad, B	1
Kothari, C	1
Patel, C	1
Mim, SR	1
Hussein, H	1
Vidadi, S	1
Leisegang, R	1
Karamchand, S	1
Rambiritch, V	2
Cotton, MF	1
Naidoo, P	2
Kjellsson, MC	1
Paz-Pacheco, E	1
Nevado, J	1
Paz, EMC	1
Jasul, G	1
Aman, AYC	1
Alejandro-Ribaya, EL	1
Francisco, MD	1
Guanzon, MLV	1
Uyking-Naranjo, M	1
Añonuevo-Cruz, C	1
Maningat, MPD	1
Jaring, C	1
Nacpil-Dominguez, P	1
Pala-Mohamad, A	1
Uy-Canto, A	1
Quisumbing, JP	1
Lat, AM	1
Bernardo, DC	1
Mansibang, NM	1
Ribaya, VS	1
Calpito, KJA	1
Ferrer, JP	1
Biwang, J	1
Melegrito, J	1
Deguit, CD	1
Panerio, CE	1
Lim, LL	1
S H Lau, E	1
Pheng Chan, S	1
Ji, L	2
Lim, S	1
Sirinvaravong, S	1
Unnikrishnan, AG	1
O Y Luk, A	1
Cortese, V	2
Durocher, A	1
C N Chan, J	1
Kalra, S	2
Lee, AK	1
Wang, D	2
Warren, B	1
Sharrett, AR	1
Mcevoy, JW	2
Selvin, E	2
Ungurianu, A	1
Şeremet, O	1
Gagniuc, E	1
Olaru, OT	1
Guţu, C	1
Grǎdinaru, D	1
Ionescu-Tȋrgovişte, C	2
Marginǎ, D	1
Dǎnciulescu-Miulescu, R	1
Vianna, AGD	2
Lacerda, CS	2
Pechmann, LM	2
Polesel, MG	2
Marino, EC	2
Scharf, M	1
Detsch, JM	1
Marques, K	1
Sanches, CP	1
Panda, BP	1
Krishnamoorthy, R	1
Bhattamisra, SK	1
Shivashekaregowda, NKH	1
Seng, LB	1
Patnaik, S	1
van Bommel, EJM	4
Muskiet, MHA	3
van Baar, MJB	1
Tonneijck, L	1
Smits, MM	2
Emanuel, AL	1
Bozovic, A	1
Danser, AHJ	2
Geurts, F	2
Hoorn, EJ	2
Touw, DJ	3
Larsen, EL	1
Poulsen, HE	1
Kramer, MHH	4
Nieuwdorp, M	4
Joles, JA	3
van Raalte, DH	4
Mifsud, S	1
Schembri, EL	1
Fava, S	1
Herrema, H	1
Davids, M	1
Mathavan, S	1
Ionescu, CM	1
Kovacevic, B	1
Mikov, M	1
Golocorbin-Kon, S	1
Mooranian, A	1
Dass, CR	1
Al-Salami, H	1
Tian, J	1
Wang, JG	1
Ruiter, D	1
Heerspink, HJL	1
Saberi, M	1
Ramazani, Z	1
Rashidi, H	1
Saberi, A	1
Cho, EH	1
Han, K	1
Kim, B	1
Lee, DH	1
Zaccardi, F	1
Jacquot, E	1
Tyrer, F	1
Seidu, S	1
Davies, MJ	2
Khunti, K	1
Gao, S	1
Chen, Y	2
Hu, R	1
Lu, W	1
Yu, L	1
Chen, J	1
Liu, S	1
Guo, Y	2
Shen, Q	1
Wang, B	1
Fang, W	1
Lee, KF	1
Mak, MWH	1
Lao, VWN	1
Yip, HLK	1
Lau, WY	1
Wong, VTL	1
Post, A	1
Bakker, SJL	1
van Berkel, M	1
Ferrannini, E	1
Morieri, ML	1
Vitturi, N	1
Avogaro, A	3
Targher, G	1
Fadini, GP	2
Cordiner, RLM	2
Mari, A	1
Tura, A	1
Pearson, ER	3
Fu, BY	1
Wang, XJ	1
Huang, X	1
Zhou, Y	2
Tang, H	1
Liu, B	1
Su, B	1
Wang, Q	1
Quarella, M	1
Walser, D	1
Brändle, M	1
Fournier, JY	1
Bilz, S	1
Feng, W	1
Gao, C	1
Bi, Y	3
Wu, M	1
Li, P	2
Shen, S	1
Chen, W	1
Yin, T	1
Zhu, D	2
Mohammedi, K	3
Colagiuri, S	5
Das, AK	1
Douros, A	1
Yin, H	1
Yu, OHY	1
Filion, KB	1
Azoulay, L	1
Suissa, S	1
van Steen, SC	1
Li, Q	13
Cooper, ME	4
DeVries, JH	1
Hu, C	2
Zhao, X	1
Luo, P	1
Lu, J	2
Chen, M	2
Yan, D	1
Lu, X	1
Kong, H	1
Jia, W	3
Xu, G	1
Zatti, G	1
Baldi, I	1
Bottigliengo, D	1
Consoli, A	1
Giaccari, A	1
Sesti, G	2
Heald, AH	1
Livingston, M	1
Bien, Z	1
Moreno, GYC	1
Laing, I	1
Stedman, M	1
Cozzani, E	1
Di Zenzo, G	1
Cioni, M	1
Javor, S	1
Altieri, M	1
Anselmi, L	1
Parodi, A	1
Negro, R	1
Greco, EL	1
Greco, G	1
Faria-Neto, JR	1
Gunaratne, K	1
Austin, E	1
Wu, PE	1
Matthews, D	2
Leiter, LA	2
Chan, SP	2
Garcia de Lucas, MD	1
Pérez Belmonte, LM	1
Suárez Tembra, M	1
Olalla Sierra, J	1
Gómez Huelgas, R	1
Feng, WH	1
Yin, TT	1
Gao, CX	1
Shen, SM	1
Gao, LJ	1
Yang, DH	2
Zhu, DL	1
Challier, C	1
Laurella, S	1
Allegretti, P	1
Sabini, C	1
Sabini, L	1
García, NA	1
Biasutti, A	1
Criado, S	1
Czyrski, A	1
Resztak, M	1
Hermann, T	1
Juraschek, SP	1
Lazo, M	1
Huang, HK	1
Yeh, JI	1
Lee, JY	1
Jang, SY	1
Nam, CM	1
Kang, ES	2
Sekeroglu, MA	1
Taylan Sekeroglu, H	1
Bo, S	1
Castiglione, A	1
Ghigo, E	1
Gentile, L	1
Durazzo, M	1
Cavallo-Perin, P	1
Ciccone, G	1
Abdelmoneim, AS	4
Eurich, DT	2
Gamble, JM	1
Johnson, JA	1
Seubert, JM	2
Qiu, W	3
Simpson, SH	4
Konig, M	1
Lamos, EM	1
Stein, SA	1
Davis, SN	1
Pu, R	1
Geng, XN	1
Yu, F	3
Liang, HG	1
Shi, LW	1
Contreras-Steyls, M	1
Vílchez-Márquez, F	1
Mota, A	1
Moyano, B	1
Herrera-Ceballos, E	1
Arima, H	3
Hirakawa, Y	5
Yamout, H	1
Bakris, GL	1
Landman, GW	2
de Bock, GH	1
van Hateren, KJ	2
van Dijk, PR	1
Groenier, KH	2
Gans, RO	1
Houweling, ST	1
Bilo, HJ	1
Kleefstra, N	2
Blomster, JI	1
Chow, CK	1
Neal, B	11
Hillis, GS	1
Pareek, A	1
Chandurkar, N	1
Thomas, N	1
Viswanathan, V	1
Deshpande, A	1
Gupta, OP	1
Shah, A	1
Kakrani, A	1
Bhandari, S	1
Thulasidharan, NK	1
Saboo, B	1
Devaramani, S	1
Vijaykumar, NB	1
Agrawal, N	1
Mahesh, M	1
Kothari, K	1
Erem, C	1
Ozbas, HM	1
Nuhoglu, I	1
Deger, O	1
Civan, N	1
Ersoz, HO	1
Ninomiya, T	3
Hassanein, M	3
Abdallah, K	1
Schweizer, A	1
Zhao, F	1
Ma, YF	1
Wen, JX	1
DU, YF	1
Li, CL	1
Li, GW	3
Billot, L	4
Monaghan, H	1
Joshi, R	4
Glasziou, P	4
Grobbee, D	3
Heller, S	7
Lisheng, L	4
Matthews, DR	8
Mogensen, CE	2
Perkovic, V	5
MacMahon, S	7
van der Leeuw, J	2
Visseren, FL	2
Kengne, AP	6
van der Graaf, Y	2
Khalangot, M	2
Kovtun, V	2
Mogensen, UM	1
Andersson, C	1
Fosbøl, EL	1
Schramm, TK	1
Vaag, A	1
Scheller, NM	1
Torp-Pedersen, C	1
Gislason, G	1
Køber, L	1
Huang, Y	1
Light, P	1
Lee, YH	1
Lee, CJ	1
Lee, HS	1
Choe, EY	1
Lee, BW	1
Ahn, CW	1
Cha, BS	1
Lee, HC	1
Balkau, B	1
Winkler, G	2
Clemens, KK	1
McArthur, E	1
Dixon, SN	1
Fleet, JL	1
Hramiak, I	1
Garg, AX	1
Zhou, J	1
Zheng, F	1
Guo, X	1
Yang, H	1
Zhang, M	1
Tian, H	3
Guo, L	1
Mo, Y	1
Mbanya, JC	1
Al-Sifri, S	1
Abdel-Rahim, A	1
Satman, I	3
Hassan, MH	1
Abd-Allah, GM	1
Oei, E	1
Samad, N	1
Visser, A	1
Chowdhury, TA	2
Fan, SL	1
Shestakova, MV	1
Trubitsyna, NP	1
Piletič, M	1
Grobbee, R	1
Jardine, M	1
Singh, AK	2
Singh, R	1
Xiaoyan, C	1
Jing, W	1
Xiaochun, H	1
Yuyu, T	1
Shunyou, D	1
Yingyu, F	1
García Díaz, E	1
Guagnozzi, D	1
Gutiérrez, V	1
Mendoza, C	1
Maza, C	1
Larrañaga, Y	1
Perdomo, D	1
Godoy, T	1
Taleb, G	1
Wong, MG	1
Senthilselvan, A	1
Zeng, W	1
Chen, P	1
Liu, Z	1
Chen, D	1
Han, C	1
Juszczak, A	1
Pryse, R	1
Schuman, A	1
Owen, KR	1
Anderson, AJ	1
Andrew, R	1
Homer, NZ	1
Jones, GC	2
Smith, K	1
Livingstone, DE	1
Walker, BR	1
Stimson, RH	1
Keseroglu, HO	1
Taş-Aygar, G	1
Gönül, M	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Variability of Glucose Assessed in a Randomized Trial Comparing the Initiation of A Treatment Approach With Biosimilar Basal Insulin Analog Or a Titratable iGlarLixi combinatioN in Type 2 Diabetes Among South Asian Subjects (VARIATION 2 SA Trial)[NCT03819790]	Phase 4	119 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-02	Completed
ADVANCE - Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron - MR Controlled Evaluation[NCT00145925]	Phase 3	11,140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-06-30	Completed
Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation Post Trial Observational Study[NCT00949286]		8,494 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-01-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Comparator-controlled Trial to Assess the Effect of 12-week Treatment With Dapagliflozin Versus Gliclazide on Renal Physiology and Biomarkers in Metformin-treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT02682563]	Phase 4	44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
Study of Sulphonylurea Synergy With Incretins[NCT03705195]		20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-03	Completed
Does Glycated Hemoglobin Variability in Type 2 Diabetes Differ Depending on the Diabetes Treatment Threshold Used in the Qatari Population: Implication on Diabetes Complication Risk?[NCT02879409]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Active, not recruiting
A Double Blind, Double Dummy, Randomised, Multi-centre Study to Assess the Tolerability and Efficacy Profile of Vildagliptin Compared to Gliclazide as Dual Therapy With Metformin in Muslim Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Fasting During Ramadan[NCT01758380]	Phase 4	557 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
Phase 4 Study of Comparison of Combination Therapy of Gliclazide MR and Basal Insulin With Pre-mix Insulin Monotherapy for the Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00736515]	Phase 4	160 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Active-Controlled, Open-label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Glimepiride, Gliclazide, Repaglinide or Acarbose as a Third OAHA on Top of Sitagliptin+Metformin Combination Therapy in Chinese Patients With Ty[NCT01709305]	Phase 4	5,570 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-08	Completed
Carotid Intimae-media Thickness (CIMT) and Carotid Plaque (CP) Presence as Risk Markers of Cardiovascular Disease at the Time of Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis[NCT01898572]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2012-01-31	Active, not recruiting
Low-dose Colchicine Intervention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Microalbuminuria: Chongqing Study[NCT02035891]		160 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-12-31	Active, not recruiting
Effect of Anti-diabetic Drugs on Glycemic Variability. A Comparison Between Gliclazide MR (Modified Release) and Dapagliflozin on Glycemic Variability Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02925559]	Phase 4	135 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Completed
Effectiveness and Tolerability of Novel, Initial Triple Combination Therapy With Xigduo (Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin) and Saxagliptin vs. Conventional Stepwise add-on Therapy in Drug-naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02946632]	Phase 3	104 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Dietary Intervention in Type-2 Diabetics and Pre-Diabetics Emphasizing Personalized Carbohydrate Intake[NCT02519309]		465 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Completed
FLAT-SUGAR: FLuctuATion Reduction With inSULin and Glp-1 Added togetheR[NCT01524705]	Phase 4	102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Completed
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition in Psoriasis Patients With Diabetes (DIP): A Randomized Clinical Trial.[NCT01991197]	Phase 2	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
A Comparison of Strict Glucose Control With Usual Care at the Time of Islet Cell Transplantation[NCT01123122]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Withdrawn
Effect of ANKASCIN 568-P Products on Decreasing HbA1c and Regulating Blood Glucose- A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Research[NCT05737342]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-01	Not yet recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin Compared to Gliclazide in Drug Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00102388]	Phase 3	1,092 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-01-31	Completed
Modulation of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetic Subjects by an Insulin Sensitizer Pioglitazone and T2DM Association With PPARG Gene Polymorphism.[NCT01589445]	Phase 4	77 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Completed
Effects of Vildagliptin/Metformin Combination on Markers of Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Inflammation in Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease[NCT01604213]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
Using Pharmacogenetics to Improve Treatment in Early-onset Diabetes[NCT01238380]		1,916 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-12-31	Completed
Effects of Pioglitazone on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and HDL Function in Persons With Diabetes[NCT01156597]	Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
Prospective, Parallel Goups Study, Aimed to Evaluating Possible Benefits of the Treatment of New Generation Hypoglycaemic Drugs Compared to Sulphonylureas for the Tratment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT04272359]		138 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2019-05-06	Recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Glycinate Compared to Metformin Hydrochloride on the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes[NCT04943692]	Phase 3	500 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-31	Suspended (stopped due to Administrative decision of the investigation direction)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Intervention	kilograms (Mean)
Dapagliflozin 10mg Once Daily	93.7
Gliclazide Modified Release 30mg Once Daily	99.6

Calculated from urinary and plasma para-aminohippurate concentrations, ERPF in ml/min (NCT02682563)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Fractional Excretion of Glucose in % of Filtered Glucose

Intervention	ml/min (Mean)
Dapagliflozin 10mg Once Daily	639
Gliclazide Modified Release 30mg Once Daily	678

Calculated fractional excretions with measured GFR (see above) and urinary and plasma concentrations of glucose. Fractional excretion in % of filtered glucose (NCT02682563)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Fractional Excretion of Potassium in % of Filtered Potassium

Intervention	% of filtered glucose (Mean)
Dapagliflozin 10mg Once Daily	31.1
Gliclazide Modified Release 30mg Once Daily	0.6

Calculated fractional excretions with measured GFR (see above) and urinary and plasma concentrations of potassium. Fractional excretion in % of filtered potassium (NCT02682563)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Fractional Excretion of Sodium in % of Filtered Sodium

Intervention	% of filtered potassium (Mean)
Dapagliflozin 10mg Once Daily	13.6
Gliclazide Modified Release 30mg Once Daily	11.8

Calculated fractional excretions with measured GFR (see above) and urinary and plasma concentrations of sodium. Fractional excretion in % of filtered sodium (NCT02682563)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in ml/Min

Intervention	% of filtered sodium (Mean)
Dapagliflozin 10mg Once Daily	0.74
Gliclazide Modified Release 30mg Once Daily	0.66

Calculated from urinary and plasma inulin concentrations, GFR in ml/min (NCT02682563)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) in ng/mmol

Intervention	ml/min (Mean)
Dapagliflozin 10mg Once Daily	104
Gliclazide Modified Release 30mg Once Daily	109

KIM-1 (ng/mmol) measured in urine as a marker of renal damage (NCT02682563)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL)

Intervention	ng/mmol (Median)
Dapagliflozin 10mg Once Daily	0.25
Gliclazide Modified Release 30mg Once Daily	0.265

NGAL (ng/mmoll) measured in urine as a marker of renal damage (NCT02682563)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Systolic Blood Pressure

Intervention	ng/mmol (Median)
Dapagliflozin 10mg Once Daily	3.76
Gliclazide Modified Release 30mg Once Daily	3.79

Blood pressure will be measured using an automated oscillometric blood pressure device (Dinamap®) in mmHg (NCT02682563)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Urinary Albumin-Creatinine Ratio in mg/mmol

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
Dapagliflozin 10mg Once Daily	129.2
Gliclazide Modified Release 30mg Once Daily	131.1

Calculated from measured urinary albumin and creatinin concentrations, in mg/mmol (NCT02682563)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Change From Phase 2 Baseline to Week 44 in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Levels (Phase 2)

Intervention	mg/mmol (Median)
Dapagliflozin 10mg Once Daily	0.88
Gliclazide Modified Release 30mg Once Daily	0.54

HbA1c is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Change from baseline reflects the Week 44 A1C minus baseline A1C. Baseline is defined as Visit 6/Week 20. If this measurement was unavailable, the Week 16 value was used. Change from baseline was based on the constrained longitudinal data analysis (cLDA) model including all available measurements from baseline through the last visit. The terms in the cLDA model include treatment, time in weeks (categorical), regions, and treatment-by-time interaction. (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: Phase 2 Baseline (Week 20) and Week 44

Change From Phase 2 Baseline to Week 44 in Participant Body Weight (Phase 2)

Intervention	Percent (Least Squares Mean)
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride	-0.65
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide	-0.62
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose	-0.46
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide	-0.69

Change from baseline in body weight in Phase 2 was reported. Change from baseline reflects the Week 44 body weight minus baseline body weight. Baseline is defined as Visit 6/Week 20. If this measurement was unavailable, the Week 16 value was used. (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: Phase 2 Baseline (Week 20), Week 44

Percentage of Participants With a Gastrointestinal (GI) AE of Nausea (Phase 2)

Intervention	kg (Mean)
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride	0.4
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide	0.2
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose	-0.9
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide	0.2

"The percentage of participants with a GI AE of nausea was reported." (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: From Week 20 through Week 44

Percentage of Participants With a GI AE of Abdominal Pain (Phase 2)

Intervention	Percentage of Participants (Number)
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride	0
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide	0
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose	0.4
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide	0.2

"The percentage of participants with a GI AE of abdominal pain was reported." (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: From Week 20 through Week 44

Percentage of Participants With a GI AE of Diarrhea (Phase 2)

Intervention	Percentage of Participants (Number)
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride	0
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide	0
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose	0.4
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide	0.2

"The percentage of participants with a GI AE of diarrhea was reported." (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: From Week 20 through Week 44

Percentage of Participants With a GI AE of Vomiting (Phase 2)

Intervention	Percentage of Participants (Number)
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride	0.5
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide	0.4
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose	0.4
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide	0.9

"The percentage of participants with a GI AE of vomiting was reported." (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: From Week 20 through Week 44

Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia Events (Phase 2)

Intervention	Percentage of Participants (Number)
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride	0.2
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide	0
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose	0.2
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide	0.2

Hypoglycemia events represent epidsodes symptomatic of hypoglycemia (e.g., weakness, dizziness, shakiness, increased sweating, palpitations, or confusion) and/or finger stick glucose values of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). The percentage of participants with hypoglycemia events was reported. (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: From Week 20 through Week 44

Coefficient of Variation at 26 Weeks Minus Coefficient of Variation at Baseline

Intervention	Percentage of Participants (Number)
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride	8.9
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide	6.1
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose	0.5
Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide	3.6

The change in the coefficient of variation (CV) of continuous glucose readings, as assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) (NCT01524705)
Timeframe: At baseline, 6 months of intervention

HbA1C Levels

Intervention	percentage (Mean)
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Exenatide	-2.43
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Prandial Insulin	0.44

% of glycosylated hemoglobin in whole blood at 26 weeks (NCT01524705)
Timeframe: Baseline vs 26 weeks

Number of Participants With Hypoglycemia

Intervention	% of HbA1C (Mean)
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Exenatide	7.1
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Prandial Insulin	7.2

Severe hypoglycemia-documented glucose <50mg/dl (participant journal), and hypoglycemic attacks requiring hospitalization, or treatment by emergency personnel. (NCT01524705)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Weight Change During Trial

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Exenatide	0
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Prandial Insulin	0

Weight in kg at 26 weeks minus weight at baseline. (NCT01524705)
Timeframe: Baseline vs 26 weeks

The Change in Levels of High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein From Baseline to 16 Weeks in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms.

Intervention	kg (Mean)
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Exenatide	-4.8
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Prandial Insulin	0.7

High sensitivity C-reactive protein (range 0 - no maximum) (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

The Change in Levels of Serum Glucose From Baseline to 16 Weeks in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms.

Intervention	µg/ml (Median)
Sitagliptin	0
Gliclazide	8.4

The change in glucose from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

The Change in Levels of Systolic Blood Pressure From Baseline to 16 Weeks in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms.

Intervention	mmol/L (Median)
Sitagliptin	-0.2
Gliclazide	-0.1

The change in systolic blood pressure from baseline to 16 weeks measured in kg (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

The Change in Levels of Total Cholesterol From Baseline to 16 Weeks in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms.

Intervention	mmHg (Median)
Sitagliptin	4
Gliclazide	-9

The change in total cholesterol from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

The Change in PASI From Baseline to 32 Weeks in Psoriasis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Sitagliptin Compared to Patients Treated With Gliclazide.

Intervention	mmol/L (Median)
Sitagliptin	0.1
Gliclazide	-0.1

Psoriasis area and severity index 0-72, higher score worse outcome (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: baseline and 32 weeks

The Change in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) From Baseline to 16 Weeks in Psoriasis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Sitagliptin Compared to Patients Treated With Gliclazide.

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
Sitagliptin	3
Gliclazide	1.8

Psoriasis area and severity index (0-72), higher scores worse outcome (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

The Change in Weight From Baseline to 16 Weeks in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms.

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
Sitagliptin	9.5
Gliclazide	9.4

The change in weight from baseline to 16 weeks measured in kg (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

The Effect of Treatment With Sitagliptin and With Gliclazide From Baseline to 16 Weeks on the Change in Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Levels in the Skin (in a Sub-group of Participants Willing to Undergo Skin Biopsies).

Intervention	kg (Median)
Sitagliptin	-0.5
Gliclazide	-0.6

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 levels levels in skin (0-no maximum) (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

The Effect of Treatment With Sitagliptin and With Gliclazide From Baseline to 16 Weeks on the Change in Interleukin-17 Levels in the Skin (in a Sub-group of Participants Willing to Undergo Skin Biopsies).

The Effects of Treatment With Sitagliptin and Treatment With Gliclazide From Baseline to 16 Weeks on Serum Levels Interleukin-17.

Intervention	dCt (Median)
Gliclazide	-1.12
Sitagliptin	0

Intervention	dCt (Median)
Sitagliptin	3.41
Gliclazide	2.09

"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

The Effects of Treatment With Sitagliptin and Treatment With Gliclazide From Baseline to 16 Weeks on Serum Levels Interleukin-23.

Intervention	pg/ml (Median)
Sitagliptin	0
Gliclazide	0

"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the cytokine interleukin-23 (IL-23) Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

The Effects of Treatment With Sitagliptin and Treatment With Gliclazide on the Change in Serum Leptin From Baseline to 16 Weeks.

Intervention	pg/ml (Median)
Sitagliptin	0
Gliclazide	0

"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the adipokine leptin Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

The Effects of Treatment With Sitagliptin and Treatment With Gliclazide on the Serum Cytokine Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha.

Intervention	pg/ml (Median)
Sitagliptin	-0.07
Gliclazide	0.43

"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

The Number of Patricipants in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms With Adverse Events at 32 Weeks.

Intervention	pg/ml (Median)
Sitagliptin	0
Gliclazide	0

"Dosage: Sitagliptin: 100mg daily, or 50mg daily for participants with moderate kidney disease Gliclazide: 80-320 mg daily.~Secondary outcomes: the number participants with adverse events." (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 32 weeks

The Change in Quality of Life Scores From Baseline to 16 Weeks in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms.

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin	6
Gliclazide	10

"Dermatology life quality index (a skin related quality of life measure) (0-10), higher score worse outcome EQ-5D Euroqol 5 item quality of life index comprising 5 dimensions mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain, anxiety. An index can be derived from these 5 dimensions by conversion with a table of scores. The maximum score of 1 indicates the best health state and minimum score indicating the worst health outcome -0.594.~HADS Hospital anxiety and depression scale 0-16 for anxiety and 0-16 for depression, higher score worse outcome HAQ-8 Stanford 8 item disability scale. Scoring is from 0 (without any difficulty) to 3 (unable to do). The 8 scores from the 8 sections are summed and divided by 8. The result is the disability index (range 0-3 with 25 possible values). A" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

The Effects of Treatment With Sitagliptin and Treatment With Gliclazide on Other Efficacy Endpoints.

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
	DLQI	HAQ-8	HADS Anxiety	HADS Depression	EQ-5D
Gliclazide	-1.0	0.0	0	0	-0.2
Sitagliptin	0.0	0.0	-1	0	0

"Secondary outcomes:~d. number or participants who acheived a greater than 50% reduction in PASI from baseline (PASI-50); e. number of participants who achieved PASI-75 and PASI-90." (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Comparison of Changes in Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	PASI 50	PASI 75	PASI 90
Gliclazide	1	0	0
Sitagliptin	1	0	0

Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in Fasting Serum Insulin (FSI)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	mmol/l (Mean)
	Baseline FSG	3rd Month FSG
Metformin ( 002 Group)	6.2	6.5
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	6.9	5.4

Comparison of Changes in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	μU/ml (Mean)
	Baseline FSI	3rd month FSI
Metformin ( 002 Group)	13.0	13.9
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	16.2	12.3

Comparison of Changes in HOMA Percent B and HOMA Percent S With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	percentage (Mean)
	Baseline HbA1c	3rd month HbA1c
Metformin ( 002 Group)	7.8	7.0
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	7.3	6.7

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta cell function(HOMA percent B) Analysis 2: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity (Homa percent S)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in Insulin Levels (HOMA IR,QUICKI) With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	percentage (Mean)
	Baseline HOMA percent beta cells function	3rd month HOMA percent beta cells function	Baseline HOMA percent sensitivity	3rd month HOMA percent sensitivity
Metformin ( 002 Group)	109.3	116.0	76.2	67.2
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	118.9	132.3	51.1	69.3

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance(HOMA IR) Analysis 2: Quantitative Insulin sensitivity Check Index(QUICKI)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in Lipid Profiles With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	Score on a scale ( SI unit) (Mean)
	Baseline QUICKI	3rd month QUICKI	Baseline HOMA IR	3rd month HOMA IR
Metformin ( 002 Group)	0.57	0.54	3.7	4.3
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	0.52	0.59	5.1	2.9

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1:Total Cholesterol(TC) Analysis 2:Triglyceride(TG) Analysis 3:High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) Analysis 4:Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity of HDL

Intervention	mg/dl (Mean)
	Baseline TC	3rd month TC	Baseline TG	3rd month TG	Baseline HDL	3rd month HDL	Baseline LDL	3rd month LDL
Metformin (002 Group)	193.0	177.0	166.0	175.0	34.4	34.7	125.6	112.0
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	182.0	178	183	195	33	33.2	112.8	105.5

The ability of serum HDL to remove cholesterol from cultured cells will be assessed as an in vitro method to evaluate a functional changes in HDL mediated by changes due to pioglitazone treatment. Cells were incubated with 2% serum from each study subject diluted in culture medium and incubations were performed for a total of 4 hours. Cholesterol efflux was calculated as the percent of cholesterol removed from the cells and appearing in the culture medium normalized to a reference serum pool as described in detail by de la Llera-Moya et al (de la Llera-Moya M, Drazul-Schrader D, Asztalos BF, Cuchel M, Rader DJ, Rothblat GH. The ability to promote efflux via ABCA1 determines the capacity of serum specimens with similar high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to remove cholesterol from macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Apr;30(4):796-801. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.199158. PMID: 20075420). (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

HDL Apolipoprotein Levels at Study End-point

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
Pioglitazone Group	1.02
Comparator Group	1.05

Lipoproteins will be isolated and analyzed using the gradient ultracentrifugation-high pressure liquid chromatography technique to isolate very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. Protein and lipid compositions of HDL is determined (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Increased HDL-Cholesterol and Decreased Triglycerides

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
	HDL-apoAI at end point	HDL-apoAII at end point	HDL-apoCI at end point	HDL-apoCII at end point	HDL-apoCIII at end point	HDL-apoM at end point
Comparator Group	65.7	22.6	8.4	2.8	12.5	0.43
Pioglitazone Group	65.0	26.6	10.9	3.5	11.8	0.62

"The primary endpoint will be increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased triglycerides measured as the difference after 12 or 24 weeks of treatment from baseline levels. The data are expressed as the percent change from the baseline value and calculated using he equation:~Change=[100%*(Endpoint value - Baseline Value)/Baseline Value]" (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	% Change (Mean)
	% Change in HDL cholesterol at 12 weeks	% Change in HDL cholesterol at 24 weeks	% Change in triglycerides at 12 weeks	% Change in triglycerides at 24 weeks
Comparator Group	2.7	-1.5	7.4	19.7
Pioglitazone Group	7.9	15.7	-10.9	-15.4

Article	Year
Evaluating gliclazide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2022, Volume: 23, Issue:17 Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Sulfonylurea Comp	2022
ADVANCE in context: The benefits, risks and feasibility of providing intensive glycaemic control based on gliclazide modified release. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2020, Volume: 22 Suppl 2 Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feasibility Studies; Gliclazide; Glycemic Control; Humans;	2020
The place of gliclazide MR in the evolving type 2 diabetes landscape: A comparison with other sulfonylureas and newer oral antihyperglycemic agents. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2018, Volume: 143 Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Sulfonylurea Compounds	2018
Reflections on the sulphonylurea story: A drug class at risk of extinction or a drug class worth reviving? Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2019, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dose-Response Rela	2019
An insight into the recent diabetes trials: what is the best approach to prevent macrovascular and microvascular complications? Current diabetes reviews, 2013, Volume: 9, Issue:5 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ	2013
Liuwei dihuang pills enhance the effect of Western medicine in treating type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chinese journal of integrative medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:10 Topics: Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fasting; Glic	2013
Safety and efficacy of gliclazide as treatment for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	2014
[Sulfonylureas in today's blood glucose lowering therapy. New data on advantages and potential barriers of an "old" antidiabetic group]. Orvosi hetilap, 2015, Mar-29, Volume: 156, Issue:13 Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Gliclazide; Humans; Hu	2015
Incidence of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with gliclazide versus DPP-4 inhibitors during Ramadan: A meta-analytical approach. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2015, Volume: 109, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Fasting; Gliclazide; H	2015
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and hypoglycemic safety of gliclazide versus other insulinotropic agents. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2015, Volume: 110, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glicl	2015
Is gliclazide a sulfonylurea with difference? A review in 2016. Expert review of clinical pharmacology, 2016, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Prac	2016
Updates on Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Natural Products: Towards Antidiabetic Drug Development. Current medicinal chemistry, 2018, Volume: 25, Issue:39 Topics: Biological Products; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Discovery; Gliclazide; Glucose Transporter Type	2018
Gliclazide-Induced Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and Review on Literature. Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2016, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Autoimmune Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Substitution; Gliclazide; Human	2016
Variations in tissue selectivity amongst insulin secretagogues: a systematic review. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2012, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cricetinae; Cyclohe	2012
[Hypoglycemia]. Praxis, 2011, Oct-19, Volume: 100, Issue:21 Topics: Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gliclazide; Humans;	2011
[Incretin-based therapy for treating patients with type 2 diabetes]. Orvosi hetilap, 2011, Nov-27, Volume: 152, Issue:48 Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibito	2011
Treating diabetes today with gliclazide MR: a matter of numbers. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2012, Volume: 14 Suppl 1 Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Ne	2012
Role of K(ATP) channels in β-cell resistance to oxidative stress. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2012, Volume: 14 Suppl 3 Topics: Apoptosis; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic	2012
Oral hypoglycaemic agent failure. Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2002, Volume: 100, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gliclazide; Glycated Hem	2002
Gliclazide modified release: A critical review of pharmacodynamic, metabolic, and vasoprotective effects. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2003, Volume: 52, Issue:8 Suppl 1 Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Administration S	2003
[Medication of the month. Gliclazide modified release (Uni Diamicron)]. Revue medicale de Liege, 2003, Volume: 58, Issue:10 Topics: Administration, Oral; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Humans; Hy	2003
Long-term glycaemic control with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes. International journal of clinical practice, 2004, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfo	2004
Cardiovascular effects of treatment of type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone, metformin and gliclazide. International journal of clinical practice, 2004, Volume: 58, Issue:9 Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glicl	2004
Pioglitazone elicits long-term improvements in insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes: comparisons with gliclazide-based regimens. Diabetologia, 2005, Volume: 48, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Me	2005
[Controversial therapeutic strategies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2005, Apr-28, Volume: 147, Issue:17 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Gli	2005
Double-blind, randomized, multicentre study of the efficacy and safety of gliclazide-modified release in the treatment of Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Do	2006
Mixture modeling for the detection of subpopulations in a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, 2007, Volume: 34, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Likelihood Functi	2007
New insights from ADVANCE. Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension, 2007, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, T	2007
[Diabetic retinopathy. Effects of gliclazide]. Journees annuelles de diabetologie de l'Hotel-Dieu, 1983 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Gliclazide; Humans; Sulfo	1983
[Non-insulin dependent diabetes. Role of gliclazide (diamicron)]. Journees annuelles de diabetologie de l'Hotel-Dieu, 1995 Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Gliclazide; Humans; Male	1995
Gliclazide. An update of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Drugs, 1993, Volume: 46, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Drug	1993
[Gliclazide: review of metabolic and vascular action]. Diabete & metabolisme, 1994, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Pt 2 Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; Gliclazide; Glucose; Humans	1994
[Clinical efficacy of glimepiride]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1997, Volume: 55 Suppl Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insuli	1997
[Timing of administration of sulfonyl urea derivatives]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2000, Jun-17, Volume: 144, Issue:25 Topics: Biological Availability; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administr	2000
Gliclazide modified release: from once-daily administration to 24-hour blood glucose control. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:10 Suppl 2 Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Humans; Hyp	2000
Vascular benefits of gliclazide beyond glycemic control. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:10 Suppl 2 Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Glic	2000
Gliclazide modified release: its place in the therapeutic armamentarium. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:10 Suppl 2 Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets	2000
Gliclazide modified release. Drugs, 2002, Volume: 62, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide	2002
Is combination sulfonylurea and insulin therapy useful in NIDDM patients? A metaanalysis. Diabetes care, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:8 Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glic	1992
Gliclazide: metabolic and vascular effects--a perspective. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1992, Volume: 41, Issue:5 Suppl 1 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Gliclazide; Humans; Insul	1992
The treatment of NIDDM in the decade of the 90s. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 1991, Volume: 14 Suppl 2 Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Forecasting; Gliclazide; Humans; Insulin; Sulfonylurea Co	1991
The mode of action and clinical pharmacology of gliclazide: a review. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 1991, Volume: 14 Suppl 2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Humans; Islets of Langerhans; Platelet	1991
Gliclazide and insulin action in human muscle. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 1991, Volume: 14 Suppl 2 Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Glycogen; Humans; Insulin; Muscles	1991
Hemobiological activity of gliclazide in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 1991, Volume: 14 Suppl 2 Topics: Blood Platelets; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Gliclazide; Humans; Platelet Adhe	1991
Current status of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type II): management with gliclazide. The American journal of medicine, 1991, Jun-24, Volume: 90, Issue:6A Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Gliclazide; Humans; Insulin	1991
[Glycogen synthetase and non-insulin-dependent diabetes: role of gliclazide]. Journees annuelles de diabetologie de l'Hotel-Dieu, 1991 Topics: Biopsy; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Glycogen Synthase; Humans;	1991
[Macroangiopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus: significance of Diamicron]. Journees annuelles de diabetologie de l'Hotel-Dieu, 1990 Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Platelets; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endoth	1990
[Physiopathology of non insulin-dependent diabetes. Action of gliclazide]. Journees annuelles de diabetologie de l'Hotel-Dieu, 1985 Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin Secretion	1985
[Diamicron through the European Association for the Study of Diabetes and the International Diabetes Federation congresses in Sydney in 1988]. Journees annuelles de diabetologie de l'Hotel-Dieu, 1989 Topics: Animals; Australia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Humans; Paris; Rats; Sulfonylurea Compoun	1989
[Physiopathology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. New therapeutic approaches with gliclazide]. Journees annuelles de diabetologie de l'Hotel-Dieu, 1988 Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Humans; Insulin; In	1988

gliclazide and Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset