germanium and Fetal-Death

Lung samples from smokers, nonsmokers, and one stillborn were analyzed by an instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) method. Pulmonary tissue and hilum lymph node samples were obtained separately from autopsies, and then submitted to cryogenic homogenization, lyophilization, and sterilization. Short and long irradiations were performed in an IEA-R1 nuclear reactor, and gamma-ray activities were measured using a Ge(Li) or hyperpure Ge detector. Precision of results was evaluated by analyzing one lung tissue in replicates and their accuracy by analyzing reference materials. Comparisons were carried out between results obtained in pulmonary tissues and lymph nodes, as well as those obtained in samples from different groups of individuals.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Fetal Death; Germanium; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lung; Lymph Nodes; Male; Middle Aged; Neutron Activation Analysis; Reference Standards; Smoking; Trace Elements

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Cricetinae; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Fetal Death; Gallium; Germanium; Gestational Age; Indium; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Pregnancy