gemifloxacin and Acute-Disease

Uncomplicated urinary infections are a significant and growing cause of morbidity amongst young women. Commonly these infections are caused by Escherichia coil or Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Escherichia coil is resistant to several empirical antibiotics: amoxicilin, trimetoprima-sulfametozaxol and, more recently, to some more old flouroquinolons. Gemifloxacin is a flouroquinolon with an excellent in vitro activity against many community acquired bacteria which cause respiratory or urinary infections. This antibiotic has a very unique and dual action mechanism directed against girasa and topoisomerasa II DNA, which grants minimum low inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coil, Klebsiella and S. saprophyticus species and others attacking respiratory system. Young women with uncomplicated urinary infections were evaluated in two random clinical studies; they were treated with 320 mg gemifloxacin once a day for three days. Gemifloxacin was compared to ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin in approved doses and durations and it proved to be useful with clinical success rates of 95% or more in both studies. Gemifloxacin showed to be safe and well tolerated. A dose a day is a safe and useful alternative amongst current empirical options to treat patients with uncomplicated urinary infections.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cystitis; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Gemifloxacin; Humans; Naphthyridines; Urinary Tract Infections

The fluoroquinolone gemifloxacin has recently been approved for the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and mild community acquired pneumonia, including that caused by multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Owing to the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae, as well as resistance to other common pathogens of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and community acquired pneumonia, it is important to have new, potent antimicrobial agents for the treatment of these infections. Gemifloxacin is the most potent antimicrobial agent in vitro for S. pneumoniae, and has excellent activity against the other key pathogens of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and community acquired pneumonia, including the atypical microorganisms. The clinical trial outcomes of several studies that have evaluated gemifloxacin show a range of superior clinical or bacteriologic outcomes against several current antimicrobials, including levofloxacin, clarithromycin, trovafloxacin and ceftriaxone. The safety profile of gemifloxacin is similar to that of approved agents to treat acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and community acquired pneumonia, with a low discontinuation rate of 2.2%. A nonphototoxic rash (usually a mild, maculopapular rash) was observed in 2.8% of patients in clinical studies.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis, Chronic; Community-Acquired Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Fluoroquinolones; Gemifloxacin; Humans; Naphthyridines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Respiratory Tract Infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Treatment Outcome

The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the clinical and radiologic efficacy of 5 days compared with 7 days of gemifloxacin therapy in the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS).. In this prospective, double-blind, multicenter, parallel-group study, adult patients presenting with ABRS were randomized to receive gemifloxacin 320 mg once daily for either 5 days (n = 218) or 7 days (n = 203).. For the primary efficacy end point, clinical response to therapy at follow-up, 5 days of therapy with gemifloxacin was as effective as 7 days of therapy (per-protocol population; treatment difference 0.44%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -6.54 to 7.41). Five and 7 days of treatment with gemifloxacin were well tolerated.. The clinical efficacy of gemifloxacin 320 mg daily for 5 days is at least as good as the efficacy of gemifloxacin 320 mg daily for 7 days in the treatment of ABRS.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Confidence Intervals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Follow-Up Studies; Gemifloxacin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthyridines; Probability; Prospective Studies; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carrier State; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Gemifloxacin; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Middle Aged; Naphthyridines; Rhinitis; Risk Factors; Sinusitis; Treatment Outcome; Withholding Treatment

Gemifloxacin is a recently introduced fluoroquinolone antibiotic frequently used for its broad spectrum and once-daily dosing. Fluoroquinolones are associated with various neuropsychiatric side effects, such as seizures, insomnia, confusion, lightheadedness, psychosis, paranoia and hallucinations. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman given gemifloxacin for an upper respiratory tract infection who developed acute dystonia on the third day following therapy initiation. The clinical implications are discussed.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dystonia; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Gemifloxacin; Humans; Naphthyridines; Respiratory Tract Infections

We studied the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB-265805) and 14 comparator antimicrobials against 288 recent isolates of enteropathogenic bacteria (106 Salmonella: spp., 32 Hafnia alvei, 22 Yersinia enterocolitica, 21 Shigella: spp., 16 Aeromonas: spp. and 91 Campylobacter jejuni). Gemifloxacin, the other fluoroquinolones and cefotaxime were very active against all microorganisms tested except for C. jejuni. Seventy-seven per cent of isolates of C. jejuni were inhibited by erythromycin < or =0.5 mg/L. Only one strain of C. jejuni was highly resistant to this antimicrobial agent. Of the compounds tested, gentamicin was the most active in vitro. The in vitro activity of the other antibiotics tested was variable. A quinolone could be a good choice for treating gastrointestinal infections when antimicrobial therapy is indicated. For C. jejuni, another antibiotic such as erythromycin should be considered.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fluoroquinolones; Gastroenteritis; Gemifloxacin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Naphthyridines