gatifloxacin and Endophthalmitis studies

Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.
gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.

Endophthalmitis: Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Besifloxacin is as effective as moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin in a rabbit model for topical prophylaxis and treatment of PRSP-induced endophthalmitis."	7.76	Comparative efficacy of besifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones in a prophylaxis model of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae rabbit endophthalmitis. ( Hesje, CK; Marquart, ME; Moore, Q; Norcross, EW; Sanders, ME; Sanfilippo, CM; Shafiee, A, 2010)
"3% gatifloxacin drops to prevent endophthalmitis in a rabbit model."	7.73	Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis with topical gatifloxacin in a rabbit prophylaxis model. ( Bartholomew, LR; de Castro, LE; Sandoval, HP; Solomon, KD; Vroman, DT, 2006)
"To study the use of prophylactic fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotics, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, and bacterial sensitivity in cases of acute postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery."	7.73	Acute endophthalmitis in eyes treated prophylactically with gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. ( Deramo, VA; Fastenberg, DM; Lai, JC; Udell, IJ, 2006)
"Moxifloxacin, given in the same dosage, penetrated the aqueous humour better then gatifloxacin during cataract surgery."	5.15	Aqueous humour penetration of moxifloxocin and gatifloxacin eye drops in different dosing regimens before phacoemulsification surgery. ( Akova, YA; Babaoğlu, MÖ; Bozkurt, A; Çetinkaya, A; Çolak, M; Güngör, SG; Yasar, Ü, 2011)
" A MEDLINE search was conducted using the following search terms: moxifloxacin or gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; minimum inhibitory concentration or prevention or prophylaxis; keratitis or endophthalmitis."	4.84	Review of third-and fourth-generation fluoroquinolones in ophthalmology: in-vitro and in-vivo efficacy. ( Scoper, SV, 2008)
"Besifloxacin is as effective as moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin in a rabbit model for topical prophylaxis and treatment of PRSP-induced endophthalmitis."	3.76	Comparative efficacy of besifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones in a prophylaxis model of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae rabbit endophthalmitis. ( Hesje, CK; Marquart, ME; Moore, Q; Norcross, EW; Sanders, ME; Sanfilippo, CM; Shafiee, A, 2010)
"Vitreous penetration of single-dose (400 mg) oral gatifloxacin was evaluated in patients (n = 33) undergoing vitreous tap during the standard procedure for intravitreal antibiotic injection for acute postoperative endophthalmitis at various time-points."	3.75	Evaluation of vitreous levels of gatifloxacin after systemic administration in inflamed and non-inflamed eyes. ( Azad, RV; Kumar, A; Satpathy, G; Sharma, YR; Srinivas, A; Velpandian, T, 2009)
"To investigate the safety of intracameral injection of gatifloxacin, levofloxacin in a rabbit model as prophylaxis against endophthalmitis."	3.75	Safety of intracameral injection of gatifloxacin, levofloxacin on corneal endothelial structure and viability. ( Choi, JA; Chung, SK, 2009)
"To compare pharmacodynamic indices and minimal inhibitory concentrations for vancomycin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, linezolid, and combined quinupristin and dalfopristin for historic and current human coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) endophthalmitis isolates."	3.74	In vitro efficacy and pharmacodynamic indices for antibiotics against coagulase-negative staphylococcus endophthalmitis isolates. ( Flynn, HW; Harper, T; Miller, D, 2007)
"3% gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution in preventing bacterial endophthalmitis in rabbits."	3.74	Prophylactic efficacy of ophthalmic quinolones in experimental endophthalmitis in rabbits. ( Kozai, S; Ohashi, Y; Sakaki, H; Suzuki, T; Tajika, T; Wada, T, 2008)
"Topical therapy with gatifloxacin before and after intraocular bacteria challenge led to lower incidences of endophthalmitis in rabbits."	3.74	Prevention of endophthalmitis by collagen shields presoaked in fourth-generation fluoroquinolones versus by topical prophylaxis. ( Haugen, B; Haymore, J; Kleinmann, G; Mamalis, N; Olson, RJ; Romaniv, N; Werner, L, 2008)
"3% gatifloxacin drops to prevent endophthalmitis in a rabbit model."	3.73	Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis with topical gatifloxacin in a rabbit prophylaxis model. ( Bartholomew, LR; de Castro, LE; Sandoval, HP; Solomon, KD; Vroman, DT, 2006)
"To study the use of prophylactic fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotics, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, and bacterial sensitivity in cases of acute postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery."	3.73	Acute endophthalmitis in eyes treated prophylactically with gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. ( Deramo, VA; Fastenberg, DM; Lai, JC; Udell, IJ, 2006)
"The intraocular pressure was slightly higher in Group II (p<0."	2.78	Efficacy and tolerability of a gatifloxacin/prednisolone acetate fixed combination for topical prophylaxis and control of inflammation in phacoemulsification: a 20-day-double-blind comparison to its individual components. ( Avakian, A; Brasil, A; Cunha, PA; Shinzato, FA; Tecchio, GT; Weber, SL, 2013)
"Bacterial endophthalmitis is a potential complication of ICL implantation."	1.35	Culture-positive endophthalmitis after implantation of intraocular Collamer lens. ( Cohen, JA; Davis, MJ; Dennis, RF; Epstein, RJ, 2009)
"A low rate of endophthalmitis is achievable using a standardized procedure for intravitreal injection without prescribing antibiotic prophylaxis on the days prior to the injection."	1.34	The risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone injection in the DRCRnet and SCORE clinical trials. ( Bhavsar, AR; Glassman, AR; Ip, MS, 2007)

Research

Studies (32)

Authors

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change in Ln(Bacterial Colony Count) From Pre-antibiotic Administration to Post Study Medication Swabs

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	23 (71.88)	29.6817
2010's	7 (21.88)	24.3611
2020's	2 (6.25)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Ongkasin, K	1
Masmoudi, Y	1
Tassaing, T	1
Le-Bourdon, G	1
Badens, E	1
Kim, S	1
Bispo, PJM	1
Tanner, EEL	1
Mitragotri, S	1
E Silva, RN	1
Gipson, I	1
Chodosh, J	1
Behlau, I	1
Paschalis, EI	1
Gilmore, MS	1
Dohlman, CH	1
Cunha, PA	1
Shinzato, FA	1
Tecchio, GT	1
Weber, SL	1
Brasil, A	1
Avakian, A	1
Kletke, SN	1
Brissette, AR	1
Gale, J	1
Elia, M	1
Khodadadeh, S	1
Chow, J	1
Jensen, MK	1
Fiscella, RG	1
Moshirfar, M	2
Mooney, B	1
O'Callaghan, R	1
Ohnsman, C	1
Song, J	1
Scoper, SV	1
Tsuchiya, Y	1
Kobayakawa, S	1
Tsuji, A	1
Tochikubo, T	1
Lindstrom, RL	1
Holland, EJ	1
Lane, SS	1
McCulley, JP	1
Callegan, MC	2
Novosad, BD	2
Ramadan, RT	1
Wiskur, B	1
Moyer, AL	1
Betanzos-Cabrera, G	1
Juárez-Verdayes, MA	1
González-González, G	1
Cancino-Díaz, ME	1
Cancino-Díaz, JC	1
Moss, JM	1
Sanislo, SR	1
Ta, CN	1
Srinivas, A	1
Azad, RV	1
Sharma, YR	1
Kumar, A	1
Satpathy, G	1
Velpandian, T	1
Davis, MJ	1
Epstein, RJ	1
Dennis, RF	1
Cohen, JA	1
Choi, JA	1
Chung, SK	1
Awotesu, S	1
Eke, T	1
Norcross, EW	1
Sanders, ME	1
Moore, Q	1
Sanfilippo, CM	1
Hesje, CK	1
Shafiee, A	1
Marquart, ME	1
Güngör, SG	1
Akova, YA	1
Bozkurt, A	1
Yasar, Ü	1
Babaoğlu, MÖ	1
Çetinkaya, A	1
Çolak, M	1
Bellini, LP	1
Martins, GM	1
Bulla, MC	1
Fuller, JJ	1
Marcus, DM	1
de Castro, LE	1
Sandoval, HP	1
Bartholomew, LR	1
Vroman, DT	1
Solomon, KD	1
Deramo, VA	1
Lai, JC	1
Fastenberg, DM	1
Udell, IJ	1
Feiz, V	1
Vitale, AT	1
Wegelin, JA	1
Basavanthappa, S	1
Wolsey, DH	1
Harper, T	1
Miller, D	1
Flynn, HW	1
Bhavsar, AR	1
Ip, MS	1
Glassman, AR	1
Bohigian, GM	1
Wiskur, BJ	1
Robinson, ML	1
Farrand, AJ	1
Wada, T	1
Kozai, S	1
Tajika, T	1
Sakaki, H	1
Suzuki, T	1
Ohashi, Y	1
Haugen, B	1
Werner, L	1
Romaniv, N	1
Haymore, J	1
Kleinmann, G	1
Mamalis, N	1
Olson, RJ	1
Mather, R	1
Karenchak, LM	1
Romanowski, EG	1
Kowalski, RP	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Intracameral Levofloxacin (0.5%) Versus Intracameral Cefuroxime (1mg/0.1ml) Effect on Corneal Endothelial Cell Count and Morphology in Uneventful Phacoemulsification[NCT04212078]	Phase 1/Phase 2	138 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-07-29	Recruiting
The Effects on Betadine 5% Penetration When Using Lidocaine 2% Jelly Versus Topical Tetracaine 0.5% for Topical Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery.[NCT00827073]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Completed
A Phase 2 Evaluation of Anti-VEGF Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: Bevacizumab (Avastin)[NCT00336323]	Phase 2	121 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Completed
A Randomized Trial Comparing Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide and Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema[NCT00367133]	Phase 3	840 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-07-31	Completed
The Standard Care vs. COrticosteroid for REtinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) Study: Two Randomized Trials to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Injection(s) of Triamcinolone Acetonide With Standard Care to Treat Macular Edema[NCT00105027]	Phase 3	682 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-10-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Within 3 hours from time of culture acquisition, the samples will be vortexed for 30 seconds and 100µl aliquots will be plated onto 5% sheep blood and chocolate agar plates. These plates will be incubated with 5% carbon dioxide at 35˚ C for 72 hours. After 72 hours all plates will be read for colony count and identification of all isolates will be performed using routine microbiological methods. The natural log of bacterial bacterial colony count will be used for the outcome measure. (NCT00827073)
Timeframe: (1) Pre-antibiotics swab, and (2) Post-study medication (pre surgery)

Number of Bacterial Species in Pre-antibiotic Administration and in Post Study Medication Swabs

Intervention	Ln(bacterial colony count) (Mean)
Tetracaine 0.5% Drop	-0.14
Lidocaine 2% Jelly	-0.52

(NCT00827073)
Timeframe: (1) Pre-antibiotics swab and (2) Post-study medication (pre surgery)

Change in Central Subfield Retinal Thickness From Baseline Over All Study Visits

Intervention	bacterial spceies (Mean)
	pre number of bacterial spices	post surgery number of bacterial speices
Lidocaine 2% Jelly	1	1
Tetracaine 0.5% Drop	1	1

Change in central subfield retinal thickness from baseline measured on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). OCT images were obtained at each visit following pupil dilation by a certified operator using the OCT3 machine (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA). Scans were 6 mm length and included the 6 radial line pattern for quantitative measures and the cross hair pattern (6-12 to 9-3 o'clock) for qualitative assessment of retinal morphology. The OCT scans were sent to the DRCR.net Reading Center for grading. Negative changes represent a decrease in retinal thickening. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3,6,9, and 12 weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 1.25mg Bevacizumab at 6 Weeks and Had a >11% Decrease in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From 6 Weeks to 9 Weeks

Intervention	microns (Median)
	3 Weeks	6 Weeks	9 Weeks	12 Weeks
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline and at 6 Weeks	-35	-35	-74	-56
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline Only	-3	-17	5	-5
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline, Laser at 3w + 1.25 mg Inj at 3w	-13	-20	-48	-40
2.5 mg Injection at Baseline and 6 Weeks	-86	-42	-56	-47
Laser at Baseline	21	-40	-53	-40

The 1.25mg bevacizumab treatment group received an injection at both baseline and at 6 weeks. Change in central subfield thickness was categorized according to whether it exceeded 11%, the reliability limit for real change determined in another Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network study 16. The 1.25mg bevacizumab treatment group will be the only group/arm that has values, all other treatment groups/arms will have a null value for this outcome measure. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: 3 to 9 weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 1.25mg Bevacizumab at 6 Weeks and Had a >11% Increase in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From 6 Weeks to 9 Weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
	>11% Decreased Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks	Within ± 11% Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks	>11% Increased Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline and at 6 Weeks	0	4	3

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 1.25mg Bevacizumab at 6 Weeks and Had Within ±11% Change of Central Subfield Thickness From 6 Weeks to 9 Weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
	>11% Decreased Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks	Within ± 11% Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks	>11% Increased Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline and at 6 Weeks	0	2	0

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 1.25mg Injection Only and Had a >11% Decrease in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From Baseline to 3 Weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
	>11% Decreased Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks	Within ± 11% Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks	>11% Increased Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline and at 6 Weeks	1	6	2

The 1.25mg Bevacizumab groups include the following treatment groups: 1.25mg at baseline and 6 weeks; and 1.25mg at baseline only. Duration of effect of Bevacizumab was based on additional improvement versus maintained improvement versus worsening within 3 to 6 weeks. Change in central subfield thickness was categorized according to whether it exceeded 11%, the reliability limit for real change determined in the DRCR.net paper, Reproducibility of macular thickness and volume using Zeiss optical coherence tomography in patients with diabetic macular edema.Ophthalmology 2007;114:1520-25. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: 3 to 6 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 1.25mg Injection Only and Had a >11% Increase in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From Baseline to 3 Weeks

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	>11% Decreased Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks	Within ± 11% Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks	>11% Increased Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks
Pooled 1.25mg Initial Bevacizumab Injection Groups	1	11	2

The 1.25mg bevacizumab groups include the following treatment groups: 1.25mg at baseline and 6 weeks; and 1.25mg at baseline only. Change in central subfield thickness was categorized according to whether it exceeded 11%, the reliability limit for real change determined in another Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network study 16. The pooled 1.25mg bevacizumab treatment group will be the only group/arm that has values, all other treatment groups/arms will have a null value for this outcome measure. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: 3 to 6 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 1.25mg Injection Only and Had Within a ±11% Change of Central Subfield Thickness From Baseline to 3 Weeks

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	>11% Decreased Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks	Within ± 11% Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks	>11% Increased Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks
Pooled 1.25mg Initial Bevacizumab Injection Groups	1	1	0

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 2.5mg Bevacizumab and Had a >11% Decrease in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From Baseline to 3 Weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
	>11% Decreased Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks	Within ± 11% Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks	>11% Increased Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks
Pooled 1.25mg Initial Bevacizumab Injection Groups	2	16	4

The 2.5mg bevacizumab treatment group received an injection at both baseline and at 6 weeks. Change in central subfield thickness was categorized according to whether it exceeded 11%, the reliability limit for real change determined in another Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network study 16. The 2.5mg bevacizumab treatment group will be the only group/arm that has values, all other treatment groups/arms will have a null value for this outcome measure. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: 3 to 6 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 2.5mg Bevacizumab and Had Within a ±11% Change in Central Subfield Thickness From Baseline to 3 Weeks

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	>11% Decreased Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks	Within ± 11% Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks	>11% Increased Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks
2.5 mg Injection at Baseline and 6 Weeks	0	9	4

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 2.5mg Bevacizumab at 6 Weeks and Had a >11% Decrease in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From 6 Weeks to 9 Weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
	>11% Decreased Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks	Within ± 11% Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks	>11% Increased Change from 3 Weeks to 6 Weeks
2.5 mg Injection at Baseline and 6 Weeks	0	9	1

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 2.5mg Bevacizumab at 6 Weeks and Had Within ±11% Change of Central Subfield Thickness From 6 Weeks to 9 Weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
	>11% Decreased Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks	Within ± 11% Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks	>11% Increased Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks
2.5 mg Injection at Baseline and 6 Weeks	0	2	1

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 2.5mg Bevacizumab at 6 Weeks and Had Within >11% Increase in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From 6 Weeks to 9 Weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
	>11% Decreased Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks	Within ± 11% Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks	>11% Increased Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks
2.5 mg Injection at Baseline and 6 Weeks	2	14	1

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Age at Baseline

Intervention	participants (Number)
	>11% Decreased Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks	Within ± 11% Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks	>11% Increased Change from 9 Weeks to 12 Weeks
2.5 mg Injection at Baseline and 6 Weeks	1	1	0

Pooled Bevacizumab group includes the following treatment groups: 1.25mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 2.5mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 1.25mg at baseline only, and 1.25mg at baseline and 6 weeks plus laser at 3 weeks. Negative values represent a reduction in central subfield thickness. The 4 bevacizumab groups (N=87) were pooled to compare differences in response at 3 weeks among subgroups of interest. The pooled Bevacizumab treatment group will be the only group/arm that has values, all other treatment groups/arms will have a null value for this outcome measure. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Baseline Central Subfield Thickness

Intervention	microns (Median)
	≤66 years	>66 years
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	-45	-16

Pooled Bevacizumab groups include the following treatment groups: 1.25mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 2.5mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 1.25mg at baseline only, and 1.25mg at baseline and 6 weeks plus laser at 3 weeks. Negative values represent a reduction in central subfield thickness. The 4 bevacizumab groups (N=87) were pooled to compare differences in response at 3 weeks among subgroups of interest. The pooled Bevacizumab treatment group will be the only group/arm that has values, all other treatment groups/arms will have a null value for this outcome measure. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Baseline Visual Acuity Letter Score

Intervention	microns (Median)
	<400 microns	≥400 microns
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	-3	-102

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Clinical Diabetic Macular Edema Characterization at Baseline

Intervention	microns (Median)
	<65 letters	≥65 letters
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	-35	-28

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Gender

Intervention	microns (Median)
	Typical/Predominantly Focal	Neither Predominantly Focal or Diffuse	Typical/Predominantly Diffuse
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	-13	-8	-82

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to History of Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema at Baseline

Intervention	microns (Median)
	Female	Male
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	-28	-35

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Retinopathy Severity at Baseline

Intervention	microns (Median)
	No	Yes
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	-40	-29

Pooled Bevacizumab group includes treatment groups: 1.25mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 2.5mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 1.25mg at baseline only, and 1.25mg at baseline and 6 weeks + laser at 3 weeks. Negative values represent a reduction in central subfield thickness. The 4 bevacizumab groups (N=87) were pooled to compare differences in response at 3 weeks among subgroups of interest. Retinopathy severity based on investigator discretion on clinical examination. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Subretinal Fluid Presence at Baseline

Intervention	microns (Median)
		Proliferative diabetic retinopathy or severe NPDR
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	-31	-31

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Age at Baseline

Intervention	microns (Median)
	Definite/Questionable	No Evidence
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	-35	-29

Pooled Bevacizumab group includes the following treatment groups: 1.25mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 2.5mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 1.25mg at baseline only, and 1.25mg at baseline and 6 weeks plus laser at 3 weeks. The 4 bevacizumab groups (N=87) were pooled to compare differences in response at 3 weeks among subgroups of interest. The pooled Bevacizumab treatment group will be the only group/arm that has values, all other treatment groups/arms will have a null value for this outcome measure. Positive values represent an improvement in letter score. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Central Subfield Thickness at Baseline

Intervention	letters (Median)
	≤66 years	>66 years
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	4	2

Pooled Bevacizumab group includes the following treatment groups: 1.25mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 2.5mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 1.25mg at baseline only, and 1.25mg at baseline and 6 weeks plus laser at 3 weeks. The 4 bevacizumab groups (N=87) were pooled to compare differences in response at 3 weeks among subgroups of interest. The pooled Bevacizumab treatment group will be the only group/arm that has values, all other treatment groups/arms will have a null value for this outcome measure. Positive values represent an improvement in letter score. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Clinical Diabetic Macular Edema Characterization at Baseline

Intervention	letters (Median)
	<400 microns	≥400 microns
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	1	5

Pooled Bevacizumab group includes the following treatment groups: 1.25mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 2.5mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 1.25mg at baseline only, and 1.25mg at baseline and 6 weeks plus laser at 3 weeks. The 4 bevacizumab groups (N=87) were pooled to compare differences in response at 3 weeks among subgroups of interest. The pooled Bevacizumab treatment group will be the only group/arm that has values, all other treatment groups/arms will have a null value for this outcome measure. Positive values represent an improvement in letter score. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Gender

Intervention	letters (Median)
	Typical/Predominantly Focal	Neither Predominantly Focal or Diffuse	Typical/Predominantly Diffuse
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	7	0	3

Pooled Bevacizumab group includes the following treatment groups: 1.25mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 2.5mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 1.25mg at baseline only, and 1.25mg at baseline and 6 weeks plus laser at 3 weeks. The 4 bevacizumab groups (N=87) were pooled to compare differences in response at 3 weeks among subgroups of interest. The pooled Bevacizumab treatment group will be the only group/arm that has values, all other treatment groups/arms will have a null value for this outcome measure. Positive values represent an improvement in letter score. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to History of Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema

Intervention	letters (Median)
	Female	Male
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	3	3

Pooled Bevacizumab group includes the following treatment groups: 1.25mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 2.5mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 1.25mg at baseline only, and 1.25mg at baseline and 6 weeks plus laser at 3 weeks. The 4 bevacizumab groups (N=87) were pooled to compare differences in response at 3 weeks among subgroups of interest. The pooled Bevacizumab treatment group will be the only group/arm that has values, all other treatment groups/arms will have a null value for this outcome measure. Positive values represent an improvement in letter score. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Retinopathy Severity at Baseline

Intervention	letters (Median)
	No	Yes
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	5	2

Pooled Bevacizumab group includes the following treatment groups: 1.25mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 2.5mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 1.25mg at baseline only, and 1.25mg at baseline and 6 weeks plus laser at 3 weeks. The 4 bevacizumab groups (N=87) were pooled to compare differences in response at 3 weeks among subgroups of interest. The pooled Bevacizumab treatment group will be the only group/arm that has values, all other treatment groups/arms will have a null value for this outcome measure. Positive values represent an improvement in letter score. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Subretinal Fluid Presence at Baseline

Intervention	letters (Median)
		Proliferative diabetic retinopathy or severe NPDR
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	3	1

Pooled Bevacizumab group includes the following treatment groups: 1.25mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 2.5mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 1.25mg at baseline only, and 1.25mg at baseline and 6 weeks plus laser at 3 weeks. The 4 bevacizumab groups (N=87) were pooled to compare differences in response at 3 weeks among subgroups of interest. The pooled Bevacizumab treatment group will be the only group/arm that has values, all other treatment groups/arms will have a null value for this outcome measure. Positive values represent an improvement in letter score. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Visual Acuity at Baseline

Intervention	letters (Median)
	Definite/Questionable	No Evidence
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	6	1

Pooled Bevacizumab group includes the following treatment groups: 1.25mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 2.5mg at baseline and at 6 weeks, 1.25mg at baseline only, and 1.25mg at baseline and 6 weeks plus laser at 3 weeks. The 4 bevacizumab groups (N=87) were pooled to compare differences in response at 3 weeks among subgroups of interest. The pooled Bevacizumab treatment group will be the only group/arm that has values, all other treatment groups/arms will have a null value for this outcome measure. Positive values represent an improvement in letter score. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Visual Acuity Letter Score From Baseline Over All All Study Visits

Intervention	letters (Median)
	<65 letters	≥65 letters
Pooled Bevacizumab Groups	3	1

Change in visual acuity letter score as measured using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the electronic Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study(E-ETDRS) technique. At baseline and at each follow up visit, best corrected visual acuity was measured at 3 meters by a certified tester using an electronic procedure based on the E-ETDRS method. Letter score best value = 97 and worst value = 0; positive change represents an improvement in letter score. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3,6,9, and 12 weeks

Distribution of Change in Visual Acuity Over All Study Visits

Intervention	letters (Median)
	3 Weeks	6 Weeks	9 Weeks	12 Weeks
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline and at 6 Weeks	5	5	7	5
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline Only	2	3	1	4
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline, Laser at 3w + 1.25 mg Inj at 3w	0	0	-2	0
2.5 mg Injection at Baseline and 6 Weeks	6	6	8	7
Laser at Baseline	-2	1	3	-1

Visual acuity letter score as measured using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the electronic Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study(E-ETDRS) technique. At baseline and at each follow up visit, best corrected visual acuity was measured at 3 meters by a certified tester using an electronic procedure based on the E-ETDRS method. Letter score best value = 97 and worst value = 0; an increase in a letter score by 10 is considered clinically significant. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3,6,9, and 12 weeks

Percentage of Participants With <250 Microns or ≥ 50% Reduction in Retinal Thickening From Baseline Over All Study Visits

Intervention	participants (Number)
	≥ 10 letter improvement at 3 Weeks	≥ 10 letters worse at 3 Weeks	≥ 10 letter improvement at 6 Weeks	≥ 10 letters worse at 6 Weeks	≥ 10 letter improvement at 9 Weeks	≥ 10 letters worse at 9 Weeks	≥ 10 letter improvement at 12 Weeks	≥ 10 letters worse at 12 Weeks
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline and at 6 Weeks	4	1	7	0	6	1	7	1
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline Only	2	1	3	1	3	0	2	2
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline, Laser at 3w + 1.25 mg Inj at 3w	2	0	3	4	5	2	4	2
2.5 mg Injection at Baseline and 6 Weeks	4	0	7	1	9	0	6	0
Laser at Baseline	1	1	2	2	3	1	3	1

Central subfield retinal thickness measured on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). OCT images were obtained at each visit following pupil dilation by a certified operator using the OCT3 machine (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA). Scans were 6 mm length and included the 6 radial line pattern for quantitative measures and the cross hair pattern (6-12 to 9-3 o'clock) for qualitative assessment of retinal morphology. The OCT scans were sent to the DRCR.net Reading Center for grading. (NCT00336323)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3,6,9, and 12 Weeks

Central Subfield Thickness < 250 Microns at 2 Years

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	3 Weeks	6 Weeks	9 Weeks	12 Weeks
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline and at 6 Weeks	37	30	38	33
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline Only	10	19	10	14
1.25 mg Injection at Baseline, Laser at 3w + 1.25 mg Inj at 3w	25	25	37	25
2.5 mg Injection at Baseline and 6 Weeks	38	22	22	33
Laser at Baseline	11	17	19	21

Overall central subfield change from baseline. Optical coherence Tomography (OCT) images were obtained by a certified operator using the Zeiss Stratus OCT machine. If the automated thickness measurements were judged by the reading center to be inaccurate, center point thickness was measured manually, and this value was used to impute a value for the central subfield. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: 2 Years

Central Subfield Thickness at 2 Years

Intervention	Percentage of Eyes (Number)
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	53
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	34
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	38

Median central subfield thickness at two-years. Optical coherence Tomography (OCT) images were obtained by a certified operator using the Zeiss Stratus OCT machine. If the automated thickness measurements were judged by the reading center to be inaccurate, center point thickness was measured manually, and this value was used to impute a value for the central subfield. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: 2 Years

Central Subfield Thickness on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) at Three Years

Intervention	Microns (Median)
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	243
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	305
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	279

Change in Central Subfield Thickness on OCT Baseline to 3 Years

Intervention	Microns (Median)
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	211
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	269
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	248

Overall central subfield change from baseline. Optical coherence Tomography (OCT) images were obtained by a certified operator using the Zeiss Stratus OCT machine. The average of 2 baseline central subfield thickness measurements was used for analysis.If the automated thickness measurements were judged by the reading center to be inaccurate, center point thickness was measured manually, and this value was used to impute a value for the central subfield. Negative change denotes an improvement. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: baseline to 3 years

Change In Visual Acuity [Measured With Electronic-Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (E-ETDRS)]Baseline to 2 Years.

Intervention	Microns (Mean)	Microns (Median)
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	-175
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	-124
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	-126
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	-158
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	-103
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	-114

Change in best correct visual acuity letter score as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. A positive change denotes an improvement. Best value on the scale 97, worst 0. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 Years

Change in Visual Acuity From Baseline to 3 Years

Intervention	Letter score (Mean)
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	1
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	-2
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	-3

Intervention	Letter Score (Mean)
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	5
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	0
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	0

Change in best correct visual acuity letter score as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. A positive change denotes an improvement. Best Value on the scale=97, Worst Value=0 (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 year

Mean Change in Central Subfield Thickness Baseline to 2 Years

Intervention	Letter Score (Median)
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	8
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	2
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	4

Overall central subfield change from baseline. Optical coherence Tomography (OCT) images were obtained by a certified operator using the Zeiss Stratus OCT machine. The average of 2 baseline central subfield thickness measurements was used for analysis.If the automated thickness measurements were judged by the reading center to be inaccurate, center point thickness was measured manually, and this value was used to impute a value for the central subfield. Negative change denotes and improvement. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 years

Median Change in Central Subfield Thickness Baseline to 2 Years

Intervention	Microns (Mean)
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	-139
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	-86
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	-77

Median Change in Visual Acuity Baseline to 2 Years

Intervention	Microns (Median)
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	-131
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	-74
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	-76

Overall Central Subfield Thickening Decreased by >=50% Baseline to 2 Years

Intervention	Letter score (Median)
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	4
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	1
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	2

Percentage of Eyes With a Change in Central Subfield Thickness on OCT <250 Microns From Baseline to 3 Years

Intervention	Percentage of Eyes (Number)
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	67
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	46
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	48

Distribution of Change in Visual Acuity Baseline to 2 Years

Intervention	Percentage of Eyes (Number)
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	68
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	43
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	51

Distribution of Visual Acuity Change Baseline to 3 Years

Intervention	Percentage of Eyes (Number)
	>= 15 letter improvement	14 to 10 letter improvement	9 to 5 letter improvement	same +- 4 letters	5-9 letters worse	10-14 letters worse	>=15 letters worse
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	14	11	14	27	9	6	20
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	17	11	15	23	6	8	20
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	18	13	16	24	10	5	14

Change in best correct visual acuity letter score as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. A positive change denotes an improvement. Best value on the scale=97, worst=0 (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 years

Changes From Baseline in Best-corrected ETDRS Visual Acuity Score

Changes in Retinal Thickness as Assessed by Stereoscopic Color Fundus Photography and Optical Coherence Tomography

The Number of Study Participants Experiencing an Improvement by 15 or More Letters From Baseline in Best-corrected ETDRS Visual Acuity Score at the 12-month Visit

Visual acuity testing was done using electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity testing at 3 meters using the Electronic Visual Acuity Tester by a SCORE certified technician. A masked visual acuity examiner with no knowledge of treatment assignments performed visual acuity testing at the 4-month, 12-month, 24-month and 36-month visits. An E-ETDRS visual acuity score of 85 is approximately 20/20, and a score of 20 letters is approximately 20/400. A visual acuity letter score change of 15 is about three lines on a vision chart. (NCT00105027)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 12 months

Intervention	Percentage of Eyes (Number)
	>= 15 letters better	10-14 letters better	5-9 letters better	no change, + - 4 letters	5-9 letters worse	10-14 letters worse	>=15 letters worse
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	20	4	17	23	10	9	17
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone	21	16	9	24	6	6	16
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation	26	18	18	21	4	4	8

Intervention	letters read (Mean)
CRVO Observation	-12.1
CRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide	-1.2
CRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide	-1.2
BRVO Standard Care	4.2
BRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide	5.7
BRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide	4.0

Intervention	um (Median)
CRVO Observation	-277
CRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide	-196
CRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide	-261
BRVO Standard Care	-224
BRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide	-149
BRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide	-170

Intervention	events (Number)
	Initiation of IOP-lowering medications	IOP > 35 mm HG	IOP > 10 mm HG above baseline	Laser peripheral iridotomy	Trabeculectomy	Tube shunt	Cataract: lens opacity onset or progression	Cataract surgery	Infectious endophthalmitis	Noninfectious endophthalmitis	Retinal detachment	Iris neovascularization	Retinal neovascularization	Vitreous hemorrhage	YAG capsulotomy	Sector or panretinal photocagulation	Pars plana vitrectomy
BRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide	11	2	12	0	0	0	27	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	0
BRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide	57	14	50	1	0	0	38	4	1	0	0	2	3	3	1	4	1
BRVO Standard Care	3	1	1	0	0	0	15	3	0	0	1	1	5	2	1	5	1
CRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide	18	5	15	0	0	2	20	0	0	0	0	9	2	4	0	9	2
CRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide	32	8	24	1	0	0	25	4	0	0	0	4	2	0	0	3	0
CRVO Observation	7	1	2	0	0	0	12	0	0	0	0	2	4	4	1	5	1

Article	Year
Efficacy and tolerability of a gatifloxacin/prednisolone acetate fixed combination for topical prophylaxis and control of inflammation in phacoemulsification: a 20-day-double-blind comparison to its individual components. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Double-Blind Method	2013
A prospective randomized evaluation of topical gatifloxacin on conjunctival flora in patients undergoing intravitreal injections. Ophthalmology, 2009, Volume: 116, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Colony Cou	2009
Aqueous humour penetration of moxifloxocin and gatifloxacin eye drops in different dosing regimens before phacoemulsification surgery. The British journal of ophthalmology, 2011, Volume: 95, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Aqueous Humor; Aza Compounds; Cataract; Chromatography, High Pressure L	2011

Article	Year
Supercritical loading of gatifloxacin into hydrophobic foldable intraocular lenses - Process control and optimization by following in situ CO International journal of pharmaceutics, 2020, May-15, Volume: 581 Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Endophthalmitis; Gatifloxacin; Humans; Hydr	2020
The Search for Antifungal Prophylaxis After Artificial Corneal Surgery-An In Vitro Study. Cornea, 2020, Volume: 39, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillus fumigatus; Benzalkonium Compounds; C	2020
Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis caused by Pantoea species: a case report. Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie, 2014, Volume: 49, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endophthalmit	2014
Corneal crystalline deposits associated with topically applied gatifloxacin. Cornea, 2014, Volume: 33, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cataract Extraction; Corneal Diseases; Corneal Strom	2014
Third- and fourth-generation fluoroquinolones: retrospective comparison of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery performed over 10 years. Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, 2008, Volume: 34, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Aza Compounds; Ciprof	2008
Laboratory data and statistical evidence in fluoroquinolone study. Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, 2008, Volume: 34, Issue:10 Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anterior Chamber; Anti-Infective Agents; Collagen; Colony Count, M	2008
Preventive effect against post-cataract endophthalmitis: drug delivery intraocular lens versus intracameral antibiotics. Current eye research, 2008, Volume: 33, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Anterior Chamber; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aqueous Humor; Biological Availability; Cataract E	2008
Fluoroquinolones and postoperative endophthalmitis. Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, 2009, Volume: 35, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Aza Compounds; Ciprofloxacin; Endophthalmitis; Eye In	2009
Fluoroquinolones and postoperative endophthalmitis. Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, 2009, Volume: 35, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Aza Compounds; Ciprofloxacin; Endophthalmitis; Eye In	2009
Rate of bacterial eradication by ophthalmic solutions of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones. Advances in therapy, 2009, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Aza Compounds; Benzalkonium Compounds; Colony Count, Microbial; Drug Evaluati	2009
Gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and balofloxacin resistance due to mutations in the gyrA and parC genes of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from patients with endophthalmitis, corneal ulcers and conjunctivitis. Ophthalmic research, 2009, Volume: 42, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Aza Compounds; Conjunctivitis; Corneal Ulcer; DNA Gyrase; DNA Topoisomerase I	2009
Evaluation of vitreous levels of gatifloxacin after systemic administration in inflamed and non-inflamed eyes. Acta ophthalmologica, 2009, Volume: 87, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Infective Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endophthalmitis; Fema	2009
Culture-positive endophthalmitis after implantation of intraocular Collamer lens. Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, 2009, Volume: 35, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endophthalmitis; Eye Infections, Bacterial;	2009
Safety of intracameral injection of gatifloxacin, levofloxacin on corneal endothelial structure and viability. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2009, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Anterior Chamber; Anti-Infective Agents; Cell Survival; Endophthalmitis; Endothelium, Corne	2009
Preoperative lidocaine gel. Ophthalmology, 2010, Volume: 117, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Topical; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Colony Count, Microbia	2010
Comparative efficacy of besifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones in a prophylaxis model of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae rabbit endophthalmitis. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2010, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aza Compounds; Azepines; Colony Count, Micr	2010
Preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgeries. The British journal of ophthalmology, 2011, Volume: 95, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Aza Compounds; Cataract Extraction; Endophthalm	2011
Vitreous and aqueous penetration of orally administered gatifloxacin in humans. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 2004, Volume: 122, Issue:9 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Aqueous Humor; Biological Availability; Endophthalmitis; Fluoroquinolones; Ga	2004
Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis with topical gatifloxacin in a rabbit prophylaxis model. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Disease Models, Ani	2006
Acute endophthalmitis in eyes treated prophylactically with gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. American journal of ophthalmology, 2006, Volume: 142, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Aza Compounds	2006
Endophthalmitis after uncomplicated cataract surgery with the use of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones: a retrospective observational case series. Ophthalmology, 2007, Volume: 114, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Aza Compounds; Bacter	2007
In vitro efficacy and pharmacodynamic indices for antibiotics against coagulase-negative staphylococcus endophthalmitis isolates. Ophthalmology, 2007, Volume: 114, Issue:5 Topics: Acetamides; Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aqueous Humor; Aza	2007
The risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone injection in the DRCRnet and SCORE clinical trials. American journal of ophthalmology, 2007, Volume: 144, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endophthalmitis; Fluoroqui	2007
The risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone injection in the DRCRnet and SCORE clinical trials. American journal of ophthalmology, 2007, Volume: 144, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endophthalmitis; Fluoroqui	2007
The risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone injection in the DRCRnet and SCORE clinical trials. American journal of ophthalmology, 2007, Volume: 144, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endophthalmitis; Fluoroqui	2007
The risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone injection in the DRCRnet and SCORE clinical trials. American journal of ophthalmology, 2007, Volume: 144, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endophthalmitis; Fluoroqui	2007
The risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone injection in the DRCRnet and SCORE clinical trials. American journal of ophthalmology, 2007, Volume: 144, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endophthalmitis; Fluoroqui	2007
The risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone injection in the DRCRnet and SCORE clinical trials. American journal of ophthalmology, 2007, Volume: 144, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endophthalmitis; Fluoroqui	2007
The risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone injection in the DRCRnet and SCORE clinical trials. American journal of ophthalmology, 2007, Volume: 144, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endophthalmitis; Fluoroqui	2007
The risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone injection in the DRCRnet and SCORE clinical trials. American journal of ophthalmology, 2007, Volume: 144, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endophthalmitis; Fluoroqui	2007
The risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone injection in the DRCRnet and SCORE clinical trials. American journal of ophthalmology, 2007, Volume: 144, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endophthalmitis; Fluoroqui	2007
Endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology, 2008, Volume: 115, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Aza Compounds; Bacteria; Endophthalmitis; Eye Infecti	2008
Toward improving therapeutic regimens for Bacillus endophthalmitis. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2008, Volume: 49, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus cereus; Biological Availability; Dexamethasone; Disease Mod	2008
Prophylactic efficacy of ophthalmic quinolones in experimental endophthalmitis in rabbits. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2008, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anterior Chamber; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Availability; Disease Progression; Endo	2008
Prevention of endophthalmitis by collagen shields presoaked in fourth-generation fluoroquinolones versus by topical prophylaxis. Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, 2008, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anterior Chamber; Anti-Infective Agents; Collagen; Colony Count, M	2008
Fourth generation fluoroquinolones: new weapons in the arsenal of ophthalmic antibiotics. American journal of ophthalmology, 2002, Volume: 133, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Aza Compounds; Bacteria; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Endophtha	2002

gatifloxacin and Endophthalmitis

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (32)

Authors

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change in Ln(Bacterial Colony Count) From Pre-antibiotic Administration to Post Study Medication Swabs

Number of Bacterial Species in Pre-antibiotic Administration and in Post Study Medication Swabs

Change in Central Subfield Retinal Thickness From Baseline Over All Study Visits

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 1.25mg Bevacizumab at 6 Weeks and Had a >11% Decrease in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From 6 Weeks to 9 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 1.25mg Bevacizumab at 6 Weeks and Had a >11% Increase in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From 6 Weeks to 9 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 1.25mg Bevacizumab at 6 Weeks and Had Within ±11% Change of Central Subfield Thickness From 6 Weeks to 9 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 1.25mg Injection Only and Had a >11% Decrease in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From Baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 1.25mg Injection Only and Had a >11% Increase in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From Baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 1.25mg Injection Only and Had Within a ±11% Change of Central Subfield Thickness From Baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 2.5mg Bevacizumab and Had a >11% Decrease in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From Baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 2.5mg Bevacizumab and Had Within a ±11% Change in Central Subfield Thickness From Baseline to 3 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 2.5mg Bevacizumab at 6 Weeks and Had a >11% Decrease in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From 6 Weeks to 9 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 2.5mg Bevacizumab at 6 Weeks and Had Within ±11% Change of Central Subfield Thickness From 6 Weeks to 9 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness From 3 to 6 Weeks Among Eyes That Received 2.5mg Bevacizumab at 6 Weeks and Had Within >11% Increase in Change of Central Subfield Thickness From 6 Weeks to 9 Weeks

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Age at Baseline

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Baseline Central Subfield Thickness

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Baseline Visual Acuity Letter Score

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Clinical Diabetic Macular Edema Characterization at Baseline

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Gender

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to History of Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema at Baseline

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Retinopathy Severity at Baseline

Change in Central Subfield Thickness in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Subretinal Fluid Presence at Baseline

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Age at Baseline

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Central Subfield Thickness at Baseline

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Clinical Diabetic Macular Edema Characterization at Baseline

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Gender

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to History of Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Retinopathy Severity at Baseline

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Subretinal Fluid Presence at Baseline

Change in Visual Acuity (Letters) in Bevacizumab Groups From Baseline to 3 Weeks According to Visual Acuity at Baseline

Change in Visual Acuity Letter Score From Baseline Over All All Study Visits

Distribution of Change in Visual Acuity Over All Study Visits

Percentage of Participants With <250 Microns or ≥ 50% Reduction in Retinal Thickening From Baseline Over All Study Visits

Central Subfield Thickness < 250 Microns at 2 Years

Central Subfield Thickness at 2 Years

Central Subfield Thickness on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) at Three Years

Change in Central Subfield Thickness on OCT Baseline to 3 Years

Change In Visual Acuity [Measured With Electronic-Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (E-ETDRS)]Baseline to 2 Years.

Change in Visual Acuity From Baseline to 3 Years

Change in Visual Acuity From Baseline to 3 Years

Mean Change in Central Subfield Thickness Baseline to 2 Years

Median Change in Central Subfield Thickness Baseline to 2 Years

Median Change in Visual Acuity Baseline to 2 Years

Overall Central Subfield Thickening Decreased by >=50% Baseline to 2 Years

Percentage of Eyes With a Change in Central Subfield Thickness on OCT <250 Microns From Baseline to 3 Years

Distribution of Change in Visual Acuity Baseline to 2 Years

Distribution of Visual Acuity Change Baseline to 3 Years

Changes From Baseline in Best-corrected ETDRS Visual Acuity Score

Changes in Retinal Thickness as Assessed by Stereoscopic Color Fundus Photography and Optical Coherence Tomography

The Number of Study Participants Experiencing an Improvement by 15 or More Letters From Baseline in Best-corrected ETDRS Visual Acuity Score at the 12-month Visit

Adverse Ocular Outcomes

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies