gastrins and Swine-Diseases

Topics: Animals; Calcitonin; Calcium; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gastrins; Hormones; Hypercalcemia; Hypocalcemia; Mammals; Parathyroid Glands; Perfusion; Phosphates; Rats; Rodent Diseases; Species Specificity; Stimulation, Chemical; Swine; Swine Diseases; Thyroid Gland

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Candidatus Helicobacter suis (CHS) and other Helicobacter sp. different from Candidatus Helicobacter suis (non-Candidatus Helicobacter suis, non-CHS) infection on the number of endocrine G and D cells and G/D cells ratio in antral gastric mucosa in swine. Twenty nine stomachs were obtained from clinical healthy pigs about 6 months old and weighing approximately 100-120 kg after slaughter at abattoir located in central Poland. From each stomach samples of the antral gastric mucosa were taken for histopathology, and PCR examination for presence of Helicobacter genus and Candidatus Helicobacter suis. Samples for histopathology and immunohistochemistry were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. To reveal the expression of gastrin- and somatostatin-producing cells specific antibodies were used. Selected endocrine cells were counted in the midzone of pyloric glands, the results were expressed as a mean of the number of immunoreactive cells in one microscopic field, and as the ratio of gastrin to somatostatin cells (G/D). It can be concluded that some species of swine Helicobacter can alter the number of endocrine cells in gastric antral mucosa. Some of these alterations, for example increase the number of G cells, decrease of the D cells and especially increase of ratio G to D cells can be responsible for development of gastroesophageal ulcers in swine.

Topics: Animals; DNA, Bacterial; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrin-Secreting Cells; Gastrins; Helicobacter; Helicobacter Infections; Immunohistochemistry; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Somatostatin; Somatostatin-Secreting Cells; Swine; Swine Diseases

In order to determine possible mediators for development of anorexia in pigs infected with Ascaris suum, serum levels of gastrin, insulin and glucagon were measured. After a single high oral dose of 100,000-200,000 embryonated eggs the serum levels of gastrin and insulin in the infected pigs did not significantly differ from those in controls. Serum glucagon levels in the infected groups, however, were lower than those in controls and the difference was more evident 24 days postinoculation and later.

Topics: Animals; Anorexia; Ascariasis; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glucagon; Insulin; Male; Radioimmunoassay; Reproducibility of Results; Swine; Swine Diseases

Ten consecutive daily doses of infective Ascaris suum eggs were administered to pigs in two experiments and the levels of gastrointestinal hormones in their blood were measured. The piglets in each experiment were divided into low-dose (LDI) and high-dose (HDI) infections and control groups. Infected pigs had lower feed consumption, lower weight gains, and lower feed efficiency than control pigs. Serum gastrin levels in infected pigs were significantly lower than the controls from Days 7 to 17 post first inoculation (PFI), and so were their serum glucagon levels from Days 12 to 24 PFI. Serum insulin levels in infected animals were sometimes lower than those in controls. These differences were usually more intense in the LDI pigs than in HDI pigs. The plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) levels in the LDI group were significantly higher than those in controls from Day 10 PFI to the end of the experiment, while the CCK levels in the HDI group did not differ significantly from the controls. Increased plasma CCK levels could be a satiety factor in A. suum infection since the time of occurrence of high levels of CCK matched the period of reduced feed consumption.

Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Cholecystokinin; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glucagon; Insulin; Radioimmunoassay; Swine; Swine Diseases

Plasma gastrin and pepsinogen were measured at weekly intervals in 38 pigs from weaning at about four weeks of age until slaughter at 24 weeks. Plasma gastrin was 104 +/- 6.2, 85 +/- 11.2, 126 +/- 11.67 mol per litre in the pigs aged four, five and six weeks and 43 +/- 2.57, 31 +/- 2.29, 17 +/- 0.87 mol per litre when they were 21, 22 and 23 weeks old. Sixteen of the pigs had apparently normal stomachs, the remainder had some degree of epithelial hyperplasia and, or, ulceration of the pars oesophagea of the stomach. No differences were detected between plasma gastrin and plasma pepsinogen in pigs with normal stomachs and those showing evidence of epithelial hyperplasia or ulceration of the pars oesophagea. If ulcers of this region arise from hypersecretion of gastric acid some factor(s) other than gastrin appear to be involved. The possibility is discussed that the progressive decline in plasma gastrin is part of the maturation process.

Topics: Animals; Cardia; Female; Gastrins; Pepsinogens; Stomach Ulcer; Swine; Swine Diseases; Weaning

Previous studies have shown that bile duct ligation in pigs results in gastric ulceration. It has been suggested in human peptic ulceration that there may be no associated rise in the serum gastrin level. This study was conducted to determine the portal and peripheral gastrin levels in sham-operated and bile-duct-ligated pigs, together with the basal acid concentration and the response to a protein meal. There was an increase in basal acid concentration in bile-duct-ligated animals, but the serum gastrin levels remained in the normal range. Two of the six sham-operated control pigs had peptic ulcers at the time of sacrifice, and these two were the only sham-operated control pigs which did not demonstrate a significant postoperative rise in the serum gastrin level. At no stage was a significant difference between portal and peripheral vein serum gastrin levels demonstrated. These studies suggest that the increased gastric acid secretion in this form of peptic ulceration in the pig may not be entirely gastrin-mediated.

Topics: Animals; Bile Ducts; Dietary Proteins; Female; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Ligation; Male; Stomach Ulcer; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Animals; Female; Gastrins; Hydrocortisone; Insulin; Male; Pepsinogens; Strongyloidiasis; Swine; Swine Diseases