gastrins and Nausea

The G17DT is a novel human immunogen that raises antibodies to the growth factor gastrin 17 (G17). The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of G17DT in combination with irinotecan in patients refractory to irinotecan, and to correlate efficacy with anti-G17 immune response.. Patients received G17DT immunogen as a single intramuscular injection of 500 μg at weeks 1, 5, 9, and 26. Irinotecan was administered as an intravenous infusion of 125 mg/m(2) over 90 min starting at week 5. Each cycle of treatment consisted of irinotecan administered once weekly for 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week rest period.. Of 161 patients who received G17DT, the best overall tumor response in the intent-to-treat population was complete response 0 (0 %), partial response 3 (3 %), stable disease 32 (32 %), and progressive disease 64 (65 %). Median survival was 217 days. About 94 (62 %) subjects evaluable for antibody titers were anti-G17 responders. Survival was significantly longer for anti-G17 responders compared with non-responders (9.0 vs. 5.6 months; P < 0.001). Toxicity was consistent with irinotecan (diarrhea, nausea, anemia, vomiting, fatigue, constipation, anorexia, and neutropenia) except for injection site reactions (pain 42 %, induration 13 %, edema 11 %, erythema 10 %, and three abscesses) attributed to G17DT in 52 % of the patients.. Treatment with G17DT in combination with irinotecan results in an acceptable anti-G17 immune response, which correlated with promising survival activity in patients refractory to irinotecan-based chemotherapy.

Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Camptothecin; Cancer Vaccines; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diarrhea; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Gastrins; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Injections, Intramuscular; Irinotecan; Male; Middle Aged; Nausea; Neutropenia; Treatment Outcome; Vomiting

Persistent severe vomiting in pregnancy may be caused by underlying disease and should be investigated. A patient with intractable vomiting associated with abdominal pain and dental enamel erosion in two pregnancies had a gastrinoma. Symptoms were successfully controlled with omeprazole in a third pregnancy. All three babies were healthy.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Female; Gastric Acid; Gastrins; Humans; Nausea; Omeprazole; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Pregnancy Outcome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vomiting; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Apomorphine 0.001, 0.005, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg were given i.v. to conscious dogs and gastrin and insulin levels were measured in peripheral venous blood. The lowest dose of apomorphine (0.01 mg/kg) did not change gastrin levels but some times caused a decrease of insulin levels, whereas the higher doses (0.005-0.1 mg/kg) induced a dose dependent increase of both hormone levels. The peak shaped release responses appeared within a few minutes and the basal values were reached again within 20 to 30 min. Apomorphine within the dose range which induced a response of insulin and gastrin also caused nausea and vomiting. After pretreatment with haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) no signs of sickness were observed and the response of gastrin to 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg of apomorphine was almost completely blocked, whereas the insulin response to both these dose was inhibited to approximately 50%. We conclude that the release of gastrin and insulin can be activated by stimulation of dopaminergic receptors, the anatomical location of which is not clear. Possible sites for the dopaminergic receptors are the hypothalamic region or the vagal centres in the medulla oblongata.

Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gastrins; Haloperidol; Insulin; Male; Nausea; Time Factors; Vomiting

Topics: Animals; Dogs; Gastrins; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Nausea; Pressure; Pylorus; Time Factors; Vagus Nerve; Vomiting; Water

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Gastritis; Humans; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Nausea; Succinates

Topics: Drug Tolerance; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Histamine; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Nausea