gastrins and Hypothyroidism

Topics: Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gastrins; Glucagon; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothalamus; Hypothyroidism; Insulin; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Menopause; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Somatostatin; Thyrotropin; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

Topics: Animals; Bipolar Disorder; Catecholamines; Diabetes Insipidus; Female; Gastrins; Glucagon; Goiter; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Lithium; Middle Aged; Pancreas; Rats; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine

To evaluate the prevalence of hypergastrinemia in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and to determine whether gastrin-induced hypercalcitonemia could explain the high prevalence of thyroid C-cell hyperplasia among patients with hyperthyroidism.. Concentrations of gastrin and of hCT were determined by commercially available radioimmunoassays.. Elevated serum concentrations of gastrin were found in 17 of 161 (10.5%) patients with manifest hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) and in 4 of 37 (10.8%) and 23 of 255 (9.0%) patients with manifest or subclinical hypothyroidism, respectively. Only 2 cases of hypergastrinemia of 255 subclinically hypothyroid patients (0.8%) could not be linked to thyroid autoimmune disease by either biochemical or sonographic criteria. Four patients with Graves' disease presented elevated plasma concentrations of calcitonin, but none of these patients also had an elevated serum gastrin.. The prevalence of hypergastrinemia in autoimmune thyroid disease is about 10%. The determination of gastrin in subclinical hypothyroidism is not cost-effective in the absence of biochemical and/or sonographic markers of autoimmune thyroid disease. The determination of gastrin is of no use to predict the presence of C-cell hyperplasia commonly seen in patients with Graves' disease.

Topics: Aged; Calcitonin; Female; Gastrins; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Aged; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Female; Gastrins; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypothyroidism; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia; Pituitary Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms

Using a quantitative immunocytochemical technique, antral gastrin cell populations in the rat were studied in various states of thyroid function. Simultaneous determinations of circulating serum gastrin were made by RIA. Rats made hypothyroid by ingestion of methimazole (0.01% solution in drinking water for 30 days) demonstrated a significant 32% decrease in gastrin cell density (306 +/- 9/cm vs. 207 +/- 11/cm for controls) associated with a significant 50% decrease in serum gastrin (143 +/- 12 vs. 307 +/- 20 pg/ml for controls). Induction of hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism by surgical thyroparathyroidectomy resulted in similarly significant decreases in gastrin cell numbers (229 +/- 12/cm) and serum gastrin (169 +/- 14 pg/ml). Animals that underwent thyroparathyroidectomy followed by T4 replacement (2.5 micrograms/100 g X day, ip) for 30 days had a mean gastrin cell density that was not significantly different from that of controls; serum gastrin was decreased to 207 +/- 11 pg/ml. The administration of excess T4 (200 micrograms/100 g X day, ip) for either 15 or 30 days was associated with a significant increase in gastrin cell numbers (413 +/- 23/cm at 15 days; 352 +/- 21/cm at 30 days). Mean serum gastrin was increased by 82% after 15 days of T4 administration (558 +/- 51 pg/ml) and by 65% at 30 days (506 +/- 36 pg/ml). We conclude that T4 is trophic for gastrin cells in the rat.

Topics: Animals; Calcium; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Methimazole; Pyloric Antrum; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine

Fasting serum gastrin levels measured by radioimmunoassay were found to be elevated in patients with hyperthyroidism and low in patients with hypothyroidism. The oral administration of beef extracts resulted in more increase of serum gastrin in hyperthyroid patients than in normal subjects. After restoration of the euthyroid state by treatment, no more increase in serum gastrin levels was observed. Slight correlation between gastrin levels and serum T3 levels was observed in pretreated hyperthyroid patients (r = 0.40), but significant correlation between them was found after restoration of the euthyroid state by treatment (r = 0.50). However, it seemed to be able to divide into two groups in the pretreated patients. One was a patient group whose gastrin levels correlated closely to serum T3 levels (r = 0.83, p less than 0.01). The other was a group whose serum gastrin levels remained in low even in high T3 levels (r = 0.81, p less than 0.01). Different sensitivity to thyroid hormone in the G-cells of gastrointestinal tract may exist in these two groups, because patients age and duration of their illness were not different between them.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Gastrins; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Diseases; Triiodothyronine

Hypergastrinaemia was found in 11 out of 24 untreated hyperthyroid patients (Graves' disease or nodular goitre). Seven patients had a co-existent (autoimmune) atrophic gastritis. In the remaining 17 patients plasma T3 was positively related to plasma gastrin, and negatively to gastric acid output; there was no relation between gastrin levels and acid output. Acid instillation into the stomach revealed a normal negative feedback of acid upon gastrin release. Sixteen hyperthyroid patients were restudied when euthyroid. Plasma gastrin decreased from 171 (51-1188) ng/l before treatment to 69 (39-392 ng/l after treatment (P < 0.002), and maximal acid output increased from 1.55 (0.00-22.75) to 8.03 (0.00-26.60) mmol H+/h (P < 0.01) (median values; range in brackets). However, in 4 patients with complete achlorhydria before and after treatment plasma gastrin decreased to the same extent as in the patients with gastric acid secretion. We conclude that thyrotoxic hypergastrinaemia cannot be fully explained by the low gastric acid output in hyperthyroidism.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Gastric Acid; Gastrins; Gastritis; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Hormones

Fasting plasma gastrin levels measured by radoimmunoassay were found to be low in patients with hypothyroidism. The intravenous infection of arginine caused an increase of plasma gastrin in hypothyroid patients but was significantly lower than those in normal subjects. The decreased gastrin level in patients with hypothyroidism was significantly improved after the thyroid function was normalized by treatment.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arginine; Female; Gastrins; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Antigens; Diabetes Mellitus; Gastrins; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Insulin; Tolbutamide

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Fasting; Female; Gastrectomy; Gastrins; Glycine; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Diseases

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Female; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Goiter; Graves Disease; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Diseases