gastrins and Duodenal-Diseases

Topics: Anemia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Comorbidity; Disease Susceptibility; Drug Therapy, Combination; Duodenal Diseases; Duodenal Ulcer; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gastrins; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Malabsorption Syndromes; Prevalence; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Renal Dialysis; Stomach Diseases; Stomach Ulcer; Urea

Topics: Duodenal Diseases; Duodenal Ulcer; Gastrins; Gastritis; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Models, Biological; Somatostatin; Stomach Diseases; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer

Topics: Abdomen; Duodenal Diseases; Duodenal Neoplasms; Duodenal Ulcer; Esophageal Achalasia; Esophageal Diseases; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagitis; Esophagoplasty; Esophagus; Female; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hernia, Diaphragmatic; Humans; Male; Peptic Ulcer; Peptic Ulcer Perforation; Postoperative Complications; Rupture, Spontaneous; Stomach Diseases; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer; Stress, Psychological; Vagotomy

Topics: Air; Anemia, Pernicious; Angiography; Barium; Biopsy; Cholangiography; Colonic Diseases; Contrast Media; Cytodiagnosis; Duodenal Diseases; Endoscopy; Enema; Esophageal Diseases; Gastrins; Gastroenterology; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Gastroscopy; Glucose; Glucuronidase; Gold Isotopes; Insulin; Liver Diseases; Methionine; Pancreatic Diseases; Peptic Ulcer; Peptides; Rectal Neoplasms; Rose Bengal; Selenium; Silicones; Stomach Neoplasms; Vagotomy

In Japan, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is decreasing and the number of patients who receive eradication therapy is increasing. Although the serum level of gastrin is affected by H. pylori infection, the normal level has been unchanged for more than 20 years. The aim of this study was to study whether the present normal range for the serum gastrin level is appropriate for Japanese at present or in the near future.. We studied 810 adults (40-80 years old) who participated in a health survey in 2012. We measured H. pylori stool antigen, titer of serum antibody to H. pylori, and serum level of gastrin. The patient's H. pylori status was defined as positive or negative when the results of both stool antigen and serology were concordant. Subjects who were taking proton-pump inhibitor and had a previous history of gastric surgery were excluded.. Mean serum level of gastrin was 66.2±49.6 pg/mL in 281 H. pylori-negative subjects and 69.7±42.2 pg/mL in 115 patients who had H. pylori eradicated at least 2 years ago. The level of gastrin was 134.4±145.6 pg/mL in 224 patients with H. pylori infection and the level was significantly higher when compared with those in uninfected subjects and eradicated patients (P<0.01).. Because the situation of H. pylori infection has changed remarkably in Japan, a new appropriate normal range of gastrin should be established using current Japanese populations.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Biomarkers; Disease Eradication; Duodenal Diseases; Gastrins; Gastritis; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Reference Values; Stomach Diseases

To determine the concentration of alpha- and beta-defensins in gastric juice of patients with various gastroduodenal diseases.. Concentrations of human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) 1-3, the major forms of alpha-defensins, and human beta-defensin (HBD)-1 and HBD-2 were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma and gastric juice of 84 subjects, consisting of 54 Helicobacter pylori-infected and 30 uninfected subjects. They included 33 patients with chronic gastritis (CG), 12 with gastric ulcer (GU), 11 with duodenal ulcer (DU), 11 with benign gastric polyp (BGP) and 16 with normal mucosa (N group) on upper endoscopy. Plasma pepsinogen I and II levels, biomarkers for gastric mucosal inflammation and atrophy, were also measured.. Gastric juice HNPs 1-3 levels in patients with CG, GU and BGP were significantly higher than those in patients with DU and N. Gastric juice HBD-2 concentrations in patients with CG and GU were significantly higher than those in the N group, but were significantly lower in DU patients than in GU patients. Gastric juice HBD-1 levels and plasma levels of these peptides were similar in the patient groups. Concentrations of gastric juice HNPs 1-3 and HBD-2 of in H pylori-infected patients were significantly different from those in uninfected subjects. HNPs 1-3 concentrations in gastric juice correlated negatively with plasma pepsinogen I levels and I/II ratios. HBD-2 levels in gastric juice correlated positively and negatively with plasma pepsinogen II concentrations and I/II ratios, respectively.. HNPs 1-3 and HBD-2 levels in gastric juice are diverse among various gastrointestinal diseases, reflecting the inflammatory and atrophic events of the background gastric mucosa affected by H pylori.

Topics: alpha-Defensins; beta-Defensins; Duodenal Diseases; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Pepsinogen A; Stomach Diseases

Topics: Adult; Carcinoid Tumor; Duodenal Diseases; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Female; Gastrectomy; Gastrins; Hematemesis; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Polyps; Prolapse; Stomach Neoplasms

The content of gastrin, beta-endorphin, insulin, C-peptide in 129 patients with chronic gastric and duodenal diseases was studied by standard radioimmunoassay during the acute phase of the disease and after routine treatment. It is concluded that normalization of the hormonal homeostasis is one the criteria of treatment efficacy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; beta-Endorphin; C-Peptide; Chronic Disease; Duodenal Diseases; Female; Gastrins; Humans; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Peptides; Stomach Diseases

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood Glucose; Dinoprostone; Duodenal Diseases; Female; Gastrins; Humans; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Prostaglandins E; Stomach Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Diagnosis, Differential; Duodenal Diseases; Duodenal Ulcer; False Positive Reactions; Female; Gastrins; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Pain; Stomach Diseases; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease; Duodenal Diseases; Female; Gastrins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Stomach Diseases

The functional and morphological effects of duodeno-gastric reflux have been studied in the dog. Reflux causes hypersecretion of acid to pentagastrin and a hypergastrinaemic response to a standard meal, associated with antral gland hyperplasia. It is suggested that these changes are mediated by suppressed somatostatin activity, and that they may play an important part in the pathogenesis of peptic ulceration.

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Duodenal Diseases; Duodenum; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Histamine; Male; Pentagastrin; Peptic Ulcer; Somatostatin; Stomach; Stomach Diseases

The effects of truncal vagotomy on the functional and morphological changes produced by duodenogastric reflux have been studied in the dog. Duodenogastric reflux caused progressive damage to gastric mucosa, hypersecretion of acid to pentagastrin, and a hypergastrinemic response to a standard meal. Truncal vagotomy barely altered the mucosal changes produced by reflux, but it did prevent antral gland hyperplasia and reduced the acid and gastrin secretory responses. These findings are clinically reassuring in that vagotomy effectively prevented the hypersecretory state produced by duodenogastric reflux.

Topics: Animals; Dogs; Duodenal Diseases; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Histamine; Hyperplasia; Pentagastrin; Vagotomy

The development of peptic ulcer surgery is traced from 1881 and Billroth until the present. Discussion of the physiologic basis for gastric resection, the several types of vagotomy, and antrectomy is presented as conceived by the surgeons who originated these operations. Treatment of the complications of peptic ulcer surgery is discussed as well as the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Topics: Animals; Dogs; Drainage; Duodenal Diseases; Gastrins; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Intestinal Perforation; Jejunum; Peptic Ulcer; Pyloric Antrum; Stomach; Vagotomy; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Serum gastrin has been studied in dogs with and without surgically produced duodenal reflux. Fasting levels and the gastrin response to a standard meal have been assayed using a radioimmunoassay technique. Duodenal reflux caused no significant change in fasting serum gastrin immuno-reactivity but led to a markedly elevated and prolonged gastrin response to a standard meal.

Topics: Animals; Dogs; Duodenal Diseases; Fasting; Food; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins

Topics: Duodenal Diseases; Enteritis; Esophagus; Ethanol; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Gastritis; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lipoproteins

The influence of selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) and of an additional pyloroplasty (Heineke-Mikulicz) on gastric emptying, acid and gastrin secretion, and duodenogastric reflux was examined experimentally. After SPV, gastric emptying of fluids and a solid meal was significantly faster than before surgery. An additional pyloroplasty did not influence gastric emptying time significantly. Gastrin secretion after stimulation with a protein-rich meal increased significantly after SPV and did not change much after pyloroplasty was added. It can be concluded that increased gastrin secretion after SPV is not a result of delayed emptying. Pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion was reduced by 70% after SPV and after additional pyloroplasty as well. The results show that reduced acid secretion after SPV causes the rise in serum gastrin levels. After SPV no duodenogastric reflux occurred. An additional pyloroplasty led to a significant rise of bromsulphaleine used as a marker for bile in gastric aspirate. Obviously destruction of the pylorus leads to a loss of its antireflux function. This leads to an antral gastritis which after 3 months is of chronic-atrophic type. A stimulation of gastrin output by bile could not be demonstrated. It can be concluded that after SPV gastric emptying is not delayed. A pyloroplasty does not affect gastrin release and acid secretion. Drainage procedures together with SPV should be avoided to prevent duodenogastric reflux and antral gastritis.

Topics: Duodenal Diseases; Gastric Emptying; Gastrins; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Pylorus; Vagotomy

Topics: Adult; Duodenal Diseases; Female; Food; Gastric Emptying; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Stomach Diseases

Topics: Child; Duodenal Diseases; Enteritis; Gastrins; Gastritis; Humans

Biopsy specimens have been taken from five standard sites in the stomach and from the duodenal bulb in order to investigate the association of gastritis and duodenitis with duodenal ulcer. Twenty patients with chronic duodenal ulcer were investigated in this manner and in addition had gastric secretion tests and a radio-immune assay of serum gastrin under differing conditions. The patients were then treated either by a truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TVP) or by a highly selective vagotomy without a drainage procedure (HSV). All the investigations were repeated three months postoperatively. Duodenal ulcer was usually associated with gastriitis, although this varied in extent and severity from patient to patient. In nearly all the patients, gastritis was present at the pyloric end of the stomach and along the lesser curve. In more than half of the patients, gastritis was also present in the body of the stomach but the fundus was usually spared. Chronic duodenitis was found in the duodenal bulb in all these patients. After vagotomy there was a marked increase in both the extent and severity of the proximal gastritis in both treatment groups but the distal gastritis remain almost unchanged. There was little change in the incidence of duodenitis after vagotomy but its severity was lessened. No correlation was found between the peak acid output (PAO) in response to Histalog and the severity of the gastritis or the duodenitis either before or after operation, with one exception. The postoperative PAO was significantly less in those patients who developed a severe proximal gastritis after vagotomy. No relationship was found between the severity of the distal gastritis and the levels of serum gastrin. No correlation was found between either the basal or peak acid output and the corresponding serum gastrin levels before or after vagotomy.

Topics: Biopsy; Duodenal Diseases; Duodenal Ulcer; Duodenum; Enteritis; Female; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Gastritis; Humans; Male; Stomach; Vagotomy

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Duodenal Diseases; Fasting; Female; Gastrins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Stomach Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biopsy, Needle; Chronic Disease; Duodenal Diseases; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Middle Aged; Peptic Ulcer; Stomach Diseases

Topics: Duodenal Diseases; Duodenal Ulcer; Endoscopy; Enteritis; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Humans

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma, Islet Cell; Calcium; Child; Duodenal Diseases; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Radiography; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Topics: Duodenal Diseases; Gastrins; Humans; Peptic Ulcer; Pylorus; Stomach Diseases; Vagotomy