gastrins and Digestive-System-Diseases

Topics: Animals; Digestion; Digestive System Diseases; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Intestinal Secretions; Peptides; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Bile; Digestive System Diseases; Gastrins; Gastritis; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Peptic Ulcer

Objective To observe the effect of Muxiang Shunqi Pill (MSP) on digestive disorders of prephase uremia patients, and to study its underlying mechanism. Methods A total of 40 prephase uremia patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were randomly and equally assigned to the MSP group and the Mosapride group. Besides, 20 subjects with normal physical examinations were recruited as the control. Patients in the MSP group took MSP, 6 g each time, three times per day, taken 30 min after dinner. Those in the Mosaprido group took Mosapride Tablet (MT) , 5 mg each time, three times per day, taken 30 min before diner. The therapeutic course for all was 4 weeks. The clinical curative effect was observed. Electrogastrogram, serum levels of gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) , safety and recurrence rate were evaluated. Results The total effective rate was 90% (18/20) and the recurrence rate was 15% (320) in the MSP group, higher than those of the Mosapride group [60%(12/20) , X² =4. 80, P =0. 025; 45% (9/20) , X² =4. 29, P =0. 025]. Compared with before treatment in the same group, the percentage of normal rhythm increased, the bradygastria rate was lowered, serum levels of GAS and MTL increased in the two groups after treatment (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Compared with the Mosapride group, the bradygastria rate decreased more obviously, serum levels of GAS and MTL were increased more in the MSP group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Conclusion MSP could effectively improve digestive disorders of prephase uremia patients, which might be achieved through promoting gastrointestinal motility and regulating ser- um levels of gastrointestinal hormones.

Topics: Digestive System Diseases; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Motilin; Uremia

The aim of this study was to assess the potential of gastrointestinal peptide plasma levels as biomarkers of radiation-induced digestive tract damage. To this end, plasma levels of substance P, GRP, motilin, PYY, somatostatin-28, gastrin, and neurotensin were followed for up to 5 days in pigs after a 16-Gy whole-body X-irradiation, completed by a histopathological study performed at 5 days. Each peptide gave a specific response to irradiation. The plasma levels of GRP and substance P were not modified by irradiation exposure; neither were those of motilin and PYY. Concerning gastrin, a 2-3-fold increase of plasma concentration was observed in pig, which presented the most important histological alterations of the stomach. The plasma levels of somatostatin, unchanged from 1 to 4 days after irradiation, was also increased by 130% at 5 days. In contrast, a diminution of neurotensin plasma levels was noted, firstly at 1 day (-88%), and from 3 days after exposure (-50%). The present study suggested that changes in gastrin and neurotensin plasma levels were associated with structural alterations of the stomach and ileum, respectively, indicating that they may be relevant biological indicators of radiation-induced digestive damage to these segments.

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Digestive System Diseases; Gastrin-Releasing Peptide; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Tract; Ileum; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Motilin; Neurotensin; Peptide YY; Peptides; Radiation Injuries; Somatostatin; Somatostatin-28; Stomach; Substance P; Swine

Topics: Coma; Digestive System Diseases; Gastrins; Humans; Protein Precursors

Intestinal adaptation has been studied in rats with pancreatic atrophy induced by feeding a copper-deficient diet and penicillamine and in rats with carbohydrate maldigestion induced by feeding of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (acarbose). Pancreatic atrophy led to a significant increase of weight, protein, and DNA content as well as specific activities and total amounts of the enzymes sucrase and maltase in the distal but not in the proximal part of the small intestine. Plasma levels of CCK and GIP were significantly higher in rats with pancreatic atrophy, whereas plasma levels of gastrin and insulin were lower. Tissue concentrations of gastrin in the antrum and GIP in duodenum and jejunum were unchanged. Duodenal CCK and jejunal substance P, somatostatin, and VIP and ileal substance P and somatostatin were significantly decreased in rats with acinar atrophy. Glucosidase inhibition by acarbose feeding led to weight increase of the small intestine and cecum. This was more marked when acarbose was fed together with a fiber-free diet. Under these conditions the protein and DNA content also increased significantly in both gut segments and maltase and sucrase content predominantly in the distal part. Insulin plasma concentration decreased significantly in the acarbose-fed groups, whereas GIP, gastrin, and CCK plasma concentrations remained unchanged. After fiber-rich diet tissue concentrations of gastrin in the antrum and insulin in the pancreas were significantly higher and GIP concentrations in the duodenum and jejunum significantly lower than after fiber-free diet. Acarbose increased the pancreatic insulin concentration only in the fiber-free group and did not influence gastrin and GIP concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acarbose; Adaptation, Physiological; alpha-Glucosidases; Animals; Atrophy; Cholecystokinin; Copper; Diet; Digestive System Diseases; DNA; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gastrins; Glucosidases; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Insulin; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Male; Oligosaccharides; Pancreatic Diseases; Penicillamine; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sucrase; Trisaccharides

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Digestive System Diseases; Female; Gastrins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Period; Radioimmunoassay; Reference Values