gastrins and Cholestasis

Topics: Animals; Bile; Bile Acids and Salts; Bile Ducts; Biological Transport, Active; Blood Flow Velocity; Cholestasis; Coloring Agents; Cyclic AMP; Estrogens; Ethanol; Filtration; Gastrins; Histamine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Insulin; Liver; Microscopy, Electron; Osmosis; Phenobarbital; Vagus Nerve; Water-Electrolyte Balance

The aim of this study was to determine the ability of G17DT to generate anti-gastrin antibodies in jaundiced patients with biliary obstruction due to advanced pancreatic cancer.. G17DT was administered to 41 patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma by intramuscular (i.m.) injection at a dose of 250mcg at weeks 0, 1 and 3 of the study.. Thirty-five of 41 patients participating in the study were categorized as responders in terms of their gastrin-17 antibody response. There was no correlation between the maximum G17 antibody response and the bilirubin level at either week 0 or week 12. The median survival of patients from the time of the first injection of G17DT was 204 days with 25% of patients surviving for or=305 days.. This study shows that G17DT administered to jaundiced patients with advanced pancreatic cancer is immunogenic and well tolerated.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibody Formation; Bilirubin; Cancer Vaccines; Cholestasis; Disease Progression; Female; Gastrins; Humans; Immunization; Injections, Intramuscular; Jaundice; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Survival Analysis; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; United Kingdom

To investigate roles of sphincter of Oddi (SO) motility played in pigment gallbladder stone formation in model of guinea pigs.. Thirty-four adult male Hartley guinea pigs were divided randomly into two groups: the control group and pigment stone group. The pigment stone group was divided into 4 subgroups with 6 guinea pigs each according to time of sacrifice, and were fed a pigment lithogenic diet and sacrificed after 3, 6, 9 and 12 wk. SO manometry and recording of myoelectric activity of the guinea pigs were obtained by multifunctional physiograph at each stage. Serum vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastrin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) were detected at each stage in the process of pigment gallbladder stone formation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.. The incidence of pigment gallstone formation was 0%, 0%, 16.7% and 66.7% in the 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-wk group, respectively. The frequency of myoelectric activity decreased in the 3-wk group. The amplitude of myoelectric activity had a tendency to decrease but not significantly. The frequency of the SO decreased significantly in the 9-wk group. The SO basal pressure and common bile duct pressure increased in the 12-wk group (25.19 ± 7.77 mmHg vs 40.56 ± 11.81 mmHg, 22.35 ± 7.60 mmHg vs 38.51 ± 11.57 mmHg, P < 0.05). Serum VIP was significantly elevated in the 6- and 12-wk groups and serum CCK-8 was decreased significantly in the 12-wk group.. Pigment gallstone-causing diet may induce SO dysfunction. The tension of the SO increased. The disturbance in SO motility may play a role in pigment gallstone formation, and changes in serum VIP and CCK-8 may be important causes of SO dysfunction.

Topics: Animals; Cholestasis; Disease Models, Animal; Gallstones; Gastrins; Guinea Pigs; Male; Manometry; Membrane Potentials; Pressure; Sincalide; Sphincter of Oddi; Time Factors; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Primary endocrine neoplasms of intra- and extrahepatic biliary ducts are very rare. We describe the first case of a primary endocrine tumor of the common bile duct producing gastrin. A 53-year-old woman had a 3-year history of recurrent duodenal and gastric ulcers as well as obstructive jaundice. A small neoplasm was found in the lower third of the common bile duct, which showed diffuse gastrin production and focal synthesis of serotonin and pancreatic polypeptide by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Although serum gastrin was within normal levels (90 ng/ml), symptoms of peptic acid disease could have been related to hypergastrinemia, since gastric and duodenal ulcers healed after surgical removal of the tumor. She has remained asymptomatic for 8 months.

Topics: Cholestasis; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Gastrinoma; Gastrins; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Middle Aged; Stomach Ulcer

Obstructive jaundice was produced in rats by ligation and transection of bile duct outside the liver; the control group underwent laparotomy alone. Pancreatic wet weight, amylase, lipase, protein, DNA, RNA, RNA/DNA ratio, and weight/100 micrograms DNA were significantly increased in jaundiced rats when compared to control rats. Histologic evaluation of pancreatic tissue obtained from jaundiced rats revealed the appearance of large or multiple nuclei in pancreatic acinar cells. Basal plasma levels of immunoreactive CCK were significantly increased in jaundiced rats at two weeks and four weeks but, when compared to the levels obtained in laparotomized controls at those time intervals, CCK levels were not significantly different. In jaundiced rats, plasma immunoreactive gastrin was found to be significantly decreased at two and four weeks. Plasma gastrin levels were also found significantly decreased when the jaundiced group was compared with laparotomized control group. The results suggest that obstructive jaundice induced enlargement of the pancreas, probably due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pancreatic cells. Whether or not this phenomenon is related to changes in gastrin and CCK is not known.

Topics: Amylases; Animals; Cholecystokinin; Cholestasis; DNA; Female; Gastrins; Lipase; Male; Organ Size; Pancreas; Rats; RNA

Topics: Animals; Cholestasis; Common Bile Duct; Dogs; Gastrins; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Ligation; Secretin

Topics: Animals; Cholestasis; Common Bile Duct; Duodenum; Gastrins; Manometry; Muscle, Smooth; Rabbits; Tetragastrin; Vagotomy

A case of adrenocortical hyperfunction due to ectopic production of ACTH by a gastrin-producing tumor of the pancreas is described. Cushing's syndrome preceded the appearance of the overt Zollinger-Ellison syndrome by 2 years and was treated by bilateral adrenalectomy. The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was initially treated with cimetidine, which successfully reduced the secretion of gastric acid. Because the pancreatic gastrinoma continued to grow, causing obstruction of the common bile duct, biliary diversion and total gastrectomy were performed. There is evidence that the pancreatic gastrinoma was the source of the ectopic production of ACTH and possibly secretion. The role of Histamine-2 blocking agents as therapy in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is discussed.

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Biliary Tract Diseases; Cholestasis; Common Bile Duct; Constriction, Pathologic; Gastrins; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Male; Pancreatic Neoplasms

The gastric antisecretory activity of an inhibitor newly isolated from human urine (Human Urinary Gastric Inhibitor or HUGI) has been studied. HUGI was given intravenously and its activity determined in the following test systems: gastric secretion in the rat with pyloric ligation; gastric secretion in the dog with a Heidenhain pouch stimulated with pentagastrin, histamine and a protein meal; acid secretion by the isolated gastric mucosa of the rat; gastrointestinal motility; bile flow and gall-bladder tone and arterial and venous blood pressure and heart rate. HUGI was found to have marked activity only in the pyloric-ligated rats and in the dogs with Heidenhain pouches stimulated by a protein meal. Particularly in the dog, HUGI (0.1 to 6.4 micrograms/kg, i.v) markedly inhibited gastric secretion, dose-dependently and without changing the plasma gastrin concentration. Negative results were obtained in the other tests, but these results serve to demonstrate that HUGI is an inhibitor well-differentiated from other glycoproteins or peptides with gastric antisecretory activity, such as urogastrone and GIP. The results obtained to date are not sufficient to allow the mechanism of action of HUGI to be defined.

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Cholestasis; Dogs; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Motility; Glycoproteins; Ligation; Male; Pylorus; Rats

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoid Tumor; Cholestasis; Duodenal Neoplasms; Duodenal Obstruction; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Histamine Release; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Peptic Ulcer Perforation; Peptides; Prognosis; Serotonin

Topics: Animals; Cholestasis; Dogs; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Histamine; Secretory Rate