ganglioside--gd2 and Colorectal-Neoplasms

Anti-idiotype (Id) vaccine therapy has been tested and shown to be effective, in several animal models, for triggering the immune system to induce specific and protective immunity against bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. The administration of anti-Id antibodies as surrogate tumor-associated antigens (TAA) also represents another potential application of the concept of the Id network. Limited experience in human trials using anti-Id to stimulate immunity against tumors has shown promising results. In this "counter-point" article, we discuss our own findings showing the potential of anti-Id antibody vaccines to be novel therapeutic approaches to various human cancers and also discuss where anti-Id vaccines may perform better than traditional multiple-epitope antigen vaccines.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Alum Compounds; Animals; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Antigens, Neoplasm; Breast Neoplasms; Cancer Vaccines; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colorectal Neoplasms; Epitopes; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gangliosides; Glycolipids; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunization; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell; Lipid Droplets; Melanoma; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Models, Immunological; Molecular Mimicry; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Treatment Outcome

Anti-idiotype (Id) vaccine therapy has been tested and shown to be effective, in several animal models, for triggering the immune system to induce specific and protective immunity against bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. The administration of anti-Id antibodies as surrogate tumor-associated antigens (TAA) also represents another potential application of the concept of the Id network. Limited experience in human trials using anti-Id to stimulate immunity against tumors has shown promising results. In this "counter-point" article, we discuss our own findings showing the potential of anti-Id antibody vaccines to be novel therapeutic approaches to various human cancers and also discuss where anti-Id vaccines may perform better than traditional multiple-epitope antigen vaccines.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Alum Compounds; Animals; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Antigens, Neoplasm; Breast Neoplasms; Cancer Vaccines; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colorectal Neoplasms; Epitopes; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gangliosides; Glycolipids; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunization; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell; Lipid Droplets; Melanoma; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Models, Immunological; Molecular Mimicry; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Treatment Outcome

Using flow cytometry GD2 ganglioside expression was evaluated both on colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines and on tumor tissue samples from colorectal cancer patients. The marker was found on EpCAM-positive tumor cells in 6 of 12 patients' samples but not on the HT29 and CaCo-2 cell lines. GD2 expression was not an exceptional feature of cancer stem cells, since its expression level was similar on CD133-positive and CD133-negative tumor cells. Thus, the presence of GD2 ganglioside was revealed on colorectal adenocarcinoma cells for the first time. This finding makes it possible to use targeted therapy to treat this disease.. Metodom protochnoĭ tsitometrii issledovana ékspressiia gangliozida GD2 na kletkakh liniĭ kolorektal'noĭ adenokartsinomy HT29 i CaCo-2, a takzhe na obraztsakh opukholevoĭ tkani ot bol'nykh kolorektal'nym rakom. Issleduemyĭ marker fakticheski otsutstvoval na kletochnykh liniiakh, no ékspressirovalsia na EpCAM-pozitivnykh opukholevykh kletkakh u 6 iz 12 patsientov. Ékspressiia GD2 ne byla assotsiirovana s subpopuliatsieĭ rakovykh stvolovykh kletok, poskol'ku uroven' ego ékspressii ne otlichalsia na CD133-pozitivnykh i CD133-negativnykh kletkakh. Takim obrazom, vpervye vyiavleno prisutstvie gangliozida GD2 na kletkakh kolorektal'noĭ adenokartsinomy, chto otkryvaet vozmozhnost' ispol'zovaniia targetnoĭ terapii dlia lecheniia étogo zabolevaniia.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Caco-2 Cells; Colorectal Neoplasms; Gangliosides; HT29 Cells; Humans